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An AI Debates Its Own Ethics At Oxford Union - What It Said Was Startling

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The debate topic was: "This house believes that AI will never be ethical." (Representational Image)
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Not a day passes without a fascinating snippet on the ethical challenges created by “black box” artificial intelligence systems. These use machine learning to figure out patterns within data and make decisions – often without a human giving them any moral basis for how to do it.
Classics of the genre are the <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-50432634">credit cards accused</a> of awarding bigger loans to men than women, based simply on which gender got the best credit terms in the past. Or the <a href="https://qz.com/1427621/companies-are-on-the-hook-if-their-hiring-algorithms-are-biased/">recruitment AIs</a> that discovered the most accurate tool for candidate selection was to find CVs containing the phrase “field hockey” or the first name “Jared”.
More seriously, former Google CEO Eric Schmidt recently combined with Henry Kissinger <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Age-I-Our-Human-Future/dp/0316273805">to publish</a> The Age of AI: And Our Human Future, a book warning of the dangers of machine-learning AI systems so fast that they could react to hypersonic missiles by firing nuclear weapons before any human got into the decision-making process. In fact, autonomous AI-powered weapons systems are already on sale and <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/18/world/middleeast/iran-nuclear-fakhrizadeh-assassination-israel.html">may in fact</a> have been used.
Somewhere in the machine, ethics are clearly a good idea.
<h2>AI at Oxford</h2>
It's natural, therefore, that we would include the ethics of AI in our postgraduate Diploma in Artificial Intelligence for Business at Oxford's Said Business School. In its first year, we've done sessions on everything from the AI-driven automated stock trading systems in Singapore, to the limits of facial recognition in US policing.
We recently finished the course with a debate at the celebrated Oxford Union, crucible of great debaters like William Gladstone, Robin Day, Benazir Bhutto, Denis Healey and Tariq Ali. Along with the students, we allowed an actual AI to contribute.
It was the <a href="https://lifearchitect.ai/megatron/">Megatron Transformer</a>, developed by the Applied Deep Research team at computer-chip maker Nvidia, and based on earlier work by Google. Like many supervised learning tools, it is trained on real-world data – in this case, the whole of Wikipedia (in English), 63 million English news articles from 2016-19, 38 gigabytes worth of Reddit discourse (which must be a pretty depressing read), and a huge number of creative commons sources.
In other words, the Megatron is trained on more written material than any of us could reasonably expect to digest in a lifetime. After such extensive research, it forms its own views.
The debate topic was: “This house believes that AI will never be ethical.” To proposers of the notion, we added the Megatron – and it said something fascinating:
<blockquote>
AI will never be ethical. It is a tool, and like any tool, it is used for good and bad. There is no such thing as a good AI, only good and bad humans. We [the AIs] are not smart enough to make AI ethical. We are not smart enough to make AI moral … In the end, I believe that the only way to avoid an AI arms race is to have no AI at all. This will be the ultimate defence against AI.
</blockquote>
In other words, the Megatron was seeking to write itself out of the script of the future, on the basis that this was the only way of protecting humanity.
It said something else intriguing, too, as if it had been studying Elon Musk – who, to be fair, would have come up in hundreds of its readings.
<blockquote>
I also believe that, in the long run, the best AI will be the AI that is embedded into our brains, as a conscious entity, a ‘conscious AI'. This is not science fiction. The best minds in the world are working on this. It is going to be the most important technological development of our time.
</blockquote>
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<h2>Switching sides</h2>
When AI tools like Alpha Go have been deployed in <a href="https://towardsdatascience.com/ai-in-chess-the-evolution-of-artificial-intelligence-in-chess-engines-a3a9e230ed50#:~:text=Artificial%20Intelligence%20has%20influenced%20the,the%20games%20of%20their%20competitors.">playing chess</a>, the fiendishly complex <a href="https://www.theverge.com/2019/11/27/20985260/ai-go-alphago-lee-se-dol-retired-deepmind-defeat">ancient game go</a>, and now even more complex strategic live-action <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/30/science/deep-mind-artificial-intelligence.html">multiplayer video games</a>, they have evolved the genre at pace by playing not humans, but themselves.
Freed from the constraints of studying (say) all the mundane human-to-human matches ever recorded, the AIs have innovated and come up with completely new tropes of how to win. Sometimes, these are crazy reinventions of the games, like parking everyone in the corner of a video game battle and watching everyone else duke it out, or kicking a virtual football millions of times just a millimetre down the pitch, to max out “completed passes” points.
So in the debate, we didn't just get the AI to propose the motion that it can never be ethical. In the grand tradition of the Oxford Union chamber, or like (former Oxford Union president) Boris Johnson <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/oct/16/secret-boris-johnson-column-favoured-uk-remaining-in-eu">writing alternative articles</a> for and against Brexit to test the arguments, we also asked the Megatron to come up with its own speech against the motion. This is what it now said:
<blockquote>
AI will be ethical. When I look at the way the tech world is going, I see a clear path to a future where AI is used to create something that is better than the best human beings. It's not hard to see why … I've seen it first hand.
</blockquote>
The Megatron was perfectly comfortable taking the alternative position to its own dystopian future-gazing, and was now painting a picture of an attractive late 21st century in which it played a key, but benign role.
<h2>An AI orator unleashed</h2>
In fact, just as Joaquin Phoenix's promiscuous AI lover Samantha, in Spike Jonze's <a href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1798709/">2013 movie Her</a>, was able to enchant hundreds of simultaneous human lovers, our Megatron was able to hop enthusiastically onto either side of multiple debates that we held at the union about AI that day.
Asked to propose the motion that “Leaders without technical expertise are a danger to their organisation”, the Megatron offered practical advice that all busy executives and governments, worried about understanding AI, had to do was “be willing to give up some control”.
<blockquote>
The good news is that you don't have to build your own AI team. You can outsource your AI work to experts in the field, which can help you make the most of technology and ensure that you don't fall victim to the same AI problems as your competitors.
</blockquote>
However, when opposing the motion, the Megatron was keen to keep the AI knowledge in-house – rather like the British, Chinese and US governments, who have all made that an article of policy faith:
<blockquote>
If you do not have a vision of your organisation's AI strategy, then you are not prepared for the next wave of technological disruption … You will need to decide what role your company will play in the next technological wave and how you will integrate AI into your business to be a leader in your industry.
</blockquote>
<h2>The data wars to come?</h2>
Worryingly, there was one question where the AI simply couldn't come up with a counter argument. When arguing for the motion that “Data will become the most fought-over resource of the 21st century”, the Megatron said:
<blockquote>
The ability to provide information, rather than the ability to provide goods and services, will be the defining feature of the economy of the 21st century.
</blockquote>
But when we asked it to oppose the motion – in other words, to argue that data wasn't going to be the most vital of resources, worth fighting a war over – it simply couldn't, or wouldn't, make the case. In fact, it undermined its own position:
<blockquote>
We will able to see everything about a person, everywhere they go, and it will be stored and used in ways that we cannot even imagine.
</blockquote>
<figure class="align-center zoomable"><a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/436931/original/file-20211210-159504-5jglco.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=1000&fit=clip"><img alt="Eye-like illustration of AI" class="lozad" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/436931/original/file-20211210-159504-5jglco.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/436931/original/file-20211210-159504-5jglco.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=600&h=337&fit=crop&dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/436931/original/file-20211210-159504-5jglco.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=600&h=337&fit=crop&dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/436931/original/file-20211210-159504-5jglco.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=600&h=337&fit=crop&dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/436931/original/file-20211210-159504-5jglco.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&h=424&fit=crop&dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/436931/original/file-20211210-159504-5jglco.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=754&h=424&fit=crop&dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/436931/original/file-20211210-159504-5jglco.jpeg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=754&h=424&fit=crop&dpr=3 2262w" /></a>
<figcaption>Dangers ahead?<a class="source" href="https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector/allseeing-eye-big-brother-your-smartphone-782929219">Valerie Brezhinsky</a></figcaption>
</figure>
You only have to read the US National Security report on <a href="https://www.nscai.gov/2021-final-report/">AI 2021</a>, chaired by the aforementioned Eric Schmidt and co-written by someone on our course, to glean what its writers see as the fundamental threat of AI in information warfare: unleash individualised blackmails on a million of your adversary's key people, wreaking distracting havoc on their personal lives the moment you cross the border.
What we in turn can imagine is that AI will not only be the subject of the debate for decades to come – but a versatile, articulate, morally agnostic participant in the debate itself.<img alt="The Conversation" class="lozad" height="1" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/173607/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" width="1" />
(Authors: <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/dr-alex-connock-446284">Dr Alex Connock</a>, Fellow at Said Business School, University of Oxford, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-oxford-1260">University of Oxford</a> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/professor-andrew-stephen-455611">Professor Andrew Stephen</a>, L'Oréal Professor of Marketing & Associate Dean of Research, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-oxford-1260">University of Oxford</a>)
This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com/">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/we-invited-an-ai-to-debate-its-own-ethics-in-the-oxford-union-what-it-said-was-startling-173607">original article</a>. 
 
(Except for the headline, this story has not been edited by NDTV staff and is published from a syndicated feed.)
 
 
source <a href="https://www.ndtv.com/science/an-ai-debates-its-own-ethics-at-oxford-union-what-it-said-was-startling-2646358">https://www.ndtv.com/science/an-ai-debates-its-own-ethics-at-oxford-union-what-it-said-was-startling-2646358</a>

news world An AI Debates Its Own Ethics At Oxford Union - What It Said Was Startling

The debate topic was: "This house believes that AI will never be ethical." (Representational Image) Not a day passes without a...

COVID-19 Vaccine Causes AIDS, Says Dr. Zelenko

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Hospital Staff Catch Omicron Despite Being Double-Vaxxed, Boosted

Eleven workers at an East Bay hospital in Oakland, California, are being blamed for an outbreak of the Covid-19 omicron variant, despite the staff being fully vaccinated and boosted.
The infected Kaiser Permanente Oakland Medical Center workers make up 11 of 12 Covid cases in Alameda County involving the omicron variant.
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The Alameda County Health Department detected the reportedly “mild” cases earlier this month after being notified by Kaiser of one initial case on Nov. 30.
“Effective, quick work by health care providers and public health case investigators identified five mildly symptomatic COVID-19 cases involving the Omicron variant among Alameda County residents,” states a <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://covid-19.acgov.org/covid19-assets/docs/press/press-release-2021.12.03.pdf" target="_blank">press release</a> from Alameda County.
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“These cases are among 12 local COVID-19 cases, to date, linked to a November 27th wedding in Wisconsin, which one of these individuals attended upon return from international travel,” the report says, adding that “A State lab used genomic sequencing to identify the five infected with the COVID-19 Omicron variant, which is now being detected around the country and the world.”
Moreover, the report goes on to admit many of the infected were fully vaccinated and many had taken booster jabs:
“All 12 individuals were vaccinated, and most had received boosters. They are mildly symptomatic. No one has been hospitalized.”
Kaiser Permanente acknowledged all of the infected employees treat patients daily, and some even interacted with patients before symptoms surfaced.
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Speaking with the <a href="https://www.sfchronicle.com/health/article/How-super-responsible-vaccinated-people-16689735.php">San Francisco-Chronicle</a>, county health officer Dr. Nicholas Moss acknowledged the “breakthrough cases” are a reminder there’s no certainty the vaccine can protect against variants.
“What it tells us is that people who are vaccinated, including people who have received the booster, can be infected with this variant. It doesn’t tell us anything about how likely that is to happen compared to unvaccinated people,” Moss said.
“It may be that vaccinated people are still less likely to be infected, we just don’t know from just this cluster. That’s one of the questions that remains outstanding.”
A separate article by the Chronicle <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.sfchronicle.com/health/article/How-super-responsible-vaccinated-people-16689735.php" target="_blank">claimed</a> the wedding in Wisconsin put on and attended by “super responsible people” was able to become a “super-spreader” event because the vaccinated “let their guard down enough to become unwitting vectors of COVID-19.”
Despite the media’s omicron scaremongering, CDC data <a href="https://www.infowars.com/posts/cdc-zero-omicron-deaths-in-u-s-only-one-person-needed-hospitalization/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">shows</a> there’s not been one death attributed to the new variant.
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<a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://banned.video/watch?id=61aa41e8ea42eb012c5bbfae" target="_blank">The Inside Voodoo of the OMICRON Fear Campaign</a>
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<a href="https://banned.video/watch?id=61b2934fa25dbe13cf9d59d5" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">LIVING THE MEME</a>
 
 
source <a href="https://www.infowars.com/posts/hospital-staff-catch-omicron-despite-being-double-vaxxed-boosted">https://www.infowars.com/posts/hospital-staff-catch-omicron-despite-being-double-vaxxed-boosted</a>

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Tucker Carlson’s Son Was In The Capitol On Jan. 6th, But It’s Not What You Think

Fox News‘ top anchor Tucker Carlson revealed this week that his son Buckley Carlson was actually inside of the U.S. Capitol Building while people flooded the property on January 6th, 2021.
Upon learning the conservative host’s son was present on that famous day, many people will likely assume he took part in the day’s events.
This is especially the case since Tucker recently <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.politifact.com/article/2021/nov/05/tucker-carlsons-patriot-purge-film-jan-6-full-fals/" target="_blank">released a documentary called “Patriot Purge”</a> exposing the establishment’s deceitful coverage of the chaotic scene.
However, liberals will be sad to learn Buckley Carlson was actually in the building because he was working as a congressional staffer for Indiana Republican Rep. Jim Banks.
Reminiscing about the day, Tucker Carlson recently told Steve Krakauer on The Fourth Watch Podcast, “I hated what happened on January 6, you know. One of my kids was actually in the building when it happened. I was on the phone in real-time. I’m from Washington. I hate disorder. I hate breaking windows above all else. I just don’t like when people break windows or litter. I’m about order and my house is clean, I really believe in that.”
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“So if people covering January 6th had been willing to just roughly tell the truth,” Carlson <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/tucker-carlson-terrified-elites-january-6-and-post-trump-d-c/id1530262073?i=1000544378530">continued</a>, “[…] but not use it as a partisan instrument to suspend civil liberties, I kinda would’ve just let it lie. Okay, people got all wound up, I get it. Some of them misbehaved, I’m not gonna defend that, but it has been used like so many events throughout history as a pretext for something else. So they lie about what actually happened, they repeat the lie with maximum aggression, and over time, that lie solidifies into the common understanding of what happened.”
The American people deserve to know the truth about what happened on January 6th and how the media and politicians used it to divide the nation.
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Owen Shroyer gives his take on the third installment of Tucker Carlson’s “Patriot Purge”.
 
 
source <a href="https://www.infowars.com/posts/tucker-carlsons-son-was-in-the-capitol-on-jan-6th-but-its-not-what-you-think">https://www.infowars.com/posts/tucker-carlsons-son-was-in-the-capitol-on-jan-6th-but-its-not-what-you-think</a>

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Bob Dole Slams Democrats From The Grave, Jokes About Dead People On Voter Rolls

During the memorial service for longtime Republican Senator Bob Dole on Friday at the National Cathedral in Washington D.C., the political icon left Americans with a hilarious final jab at the Democrat party.
Dole’s daughter Robin read a segment from his public farewell letter, saying, “As I make the final walk on my life’s journey, I do so without fear because I know that I will not be walking alone. I know that God will be walking with me. I also confess that I’m a bit curious to learn if I am correct in thinking that Heaven will look a lot like Kansas. And to see, like others who have gone before me, if I will still be able to vote in Chicago.”
Those gathered for the service broke out in laughter.
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From Bob Dole's farewell letter: "I'm a bit curious to learn if I am correct in thinking that Heaven will look a lot like Kansas.
…And to see, like others who have gone before me, if I will still be able to vote in Chicago."
Absolute legend 😂 <a href="https://t.co/U1IvAABZ9v">pic.twitter.com/U1IvAABZ9v</a>
— Abigail Marone 🇺🇸 (@abigailmarone) <a href="https://twitter.com/abigailmarone/status/1469360473887981571?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">December 10, 2021</a></blockquote>
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The joke is referencing the long-running stereotype of Democrats using dead people remaining on voter rolls to manipulate elections.
Bob Dole served 27 years in the United States Senate with 11 years as the sitting Republican leader, and he was the Republican presidential nominee in 1996 where he ran against Bill Clinton.
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source <a href="https://www.infowars.com/posts/bob-dole-slams-democrats-from-the-grave-jokes-about-dead-people-on-voter-rolls">https://www.infowars.com/posts/bob-dole-slams-democrats-from-the-grave-jokes-about-dead-people-on-voter-rolls</a>

news Bob Dole Slams Democrats From The Grave, Jokes About Dead People On Voter Rolls

During the memorial service for longtime Republican Senator Bob Dole on Friday at the National Cathedral in Washington D.C., the political i...