2021-09-19 | ANONYMOUS

At Quad, Japan's PM Suga Welcomed Australia Submarine Partnership

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<div class="ins_instory_dv_cont"><img alt="At Quad, Japan's PM Suga Welcomed Australia Submarine Partnership" src="https://c.ndtvimg.com/2021-09/t1scirlg_kamala-harris-yoshihide-suga-reuters_625x300_25_September_21.jpg" title="At Quad, Japan's PM Suga Welcomed Australia Submarine Partnership" /></div>
<p class="ins_instory_dv_caption sp_b">Japanese Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga welcomed establishment last week of a trilateral partnership.</p>
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<b class="place_cont">Washington:</b>
<p>At a meeting of the Quad group of countries on Friday, Japanese Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga welcomed the establishment last week of a trilateral partnership to provide Australia with nuclear submarines, a Japanese government official said.</p>
<p>Asked whether the new AUKUS partnership between Australia, Britain and the United States was discussed at the meeting of the leaders of Australia, India, Japan and the United States in Washington, Japan's foreign press secretary, Tomoyuki Yoshida, told reporters: "Prime Minister Suga welcomed the initiative of the establishment of the security partnership forged by the three countries ... which is taking an important role for the peace and stability of the Indo-Pacific region."<br />
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<p><i>(This story has not been edited by NDTV staff and is auto-generated from a syndicated feed.)</i></p>
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source <a href="https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/at-quad-japanese-prime-minister-yoshihide-suga-welcomed-australia-submarine-partnership-2553192">https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/at-quad-japanese-prime-minister-yoshihide-suga-welcomed-australia-submarine-partnership-2553192</a>

news world At Quad, Japan's PM Suga Welcomed Australia Submarine Partnership

Japanese Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga welcomed establishment last week of a trilateral partnership. Washington: At a meeting of the Qu...

Costco Limits Toilet Paper, Paper Towels & Bottled Water Purchases Over Inflation, Supply Chain Breakdown

news Costco Limits Toilet Paper, Paper Towels & Bottled Water Purchases Over Inflation, Supply Chain Breakdown

[unable to retrieve full-text content] This is part of the controlled demolition of the first world to clear the path for the globalist Gre...

British Funeral Director: COVID-19 Deaths Were Inflated, Mass Vaccination Came Before ‘Huge Explosion’ In Death Counts

<h4>Speaking to host Stew Peters on the Stew Peters Show, British funeral director John O’Looney claimed that COVID-19 deaths are being inflated, and that a mass death scenario in the near future will be blamed on coronavirus variants.</h4>
<p>John O’Looney, a British funeral director, claims mass vaccination could <a href="https://www.redvoicemedia.com/2021/09/funeral-director-mass-vaccine-deaths-child-danger-covid-camps-genocide-planned/">lead to a large spike in deaths</a> that allows governments to call for more restrictive COVID-19 policies, including COVID-19 quarantine camps like those seen in Australia and elsewhere. “It’s called the advocate method,” O’Looney told Stew Peters.</p>
<p>“The vast majority,” of those who receive one of the controversial vaccines, “will suffer no effects, and they are then your advocates for the vaccine. The 15 [percent] that become sick and ill become your COVID patients, and your COVID deaths, and they were very, very clear about warning us these vaccines are not 100% effective, weren’t they?” <a href="https://www.redvoicemedia.com/2021/09/funeral-director-mass-vaccine-deaths-child-danger-covid-camps-genocide-planned/">According to</a> Red Voice Media:</p>
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<p>He says that he repeatedly saw people labeled as COVID deaths, even if they died of natural causes, of terminal cancer, or being hit by a car. All COVID deaths.</p>
<p>He says it is his belief that thousands of elderly people in the U.K. were euthanized with the sedative Midazolam and then labeled as coronavirus deaths. But he also says that overall in 2020, the death rate compared to past years was about the same, or even down.</p>
<p>He did see a huge explosion in deaths, but it wasn’t in 2020. It was in early 2021, and it happened almost the moment mass vaccination began. Then, from April through the summer, he says it was one of the quietest periods he’d ever seen. There weren’t enough deaths to keep the lights on.</p>
<p>Now, he says the death rate is rising again. And the people coming in, he says, are from all age ranges. They aren’t just old people. The causes of death, he says, are heart attacks, blood clots, strokes, and multiple organ failure. Almost all these people, he says, are vaccinated. He saw a man, a barber, who died at age 23 just after getting the second shot.</p>
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<p>O’Looney went further, claiming that coronavirus vaccine deaths are becoming increasingly common, suggesting that the vaccine “advocates” are unknowingly sending people to their deaths. He added that multiple experts have told him that “in October, November and December, a terrible death rate, globally” will occur “exclusively” with vaccinated people. “Those deaths will be labeled swiftly as a new variant strain of COVID,” he said.</p>
<p>The United Kingdom funeral director also warned of mass civil unrest following this mass vaccine death scenario, noting “that’s exactly they want, because that’s the excuse they need to bring in martial law.” O’Looney added, “Once they bring in martial law, they will go door to door then, and force vaccinate or take people off to internment camps,” he concluded, “That is what will happen.”</p>
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<p><a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-beds-bucks-herts-52193244">O’Looney</a> is known for running Milton Keynes Family Funeral Services in the United Kingdom, and was featured in articles and news reports during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. “A funeral director fears bodies could be left at hospitals because relatives cannot afford to instruct him during the coronavirus pandemic,” wrote the BBC. “Milton Keynes-based John O’Looney said Britain’s ‘lockdown’ had “affected every aspect” of his industry.”</p>
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source <a href="https://www.infowars.com/posts/british-funeral-director-covid-19-deaths-were-inflated-mass-vaccination-came-before-huge-explosion-in-death-counts">https://www.infowars.com/posts/british-funeral-director-covid-19-deaths-were-inflated-mass-vaccination-came-before-huge-explosion-in-death-counts</a>

news British Funeral Director: COVID-19 Deaths Were Inflated, Mass Vaccination Came Before ‘Huge Explosion’ In Death Counts

Speaking to host Stew Peters on the Stew Peters Show, British funeral director John O’Looney claimed that COVID-19 deaths are being inflated...

“You’re a Criminal!” Hillary Clinton Heckled by Protesters in Ireland

<p><strong>Protesters stationed outside Queen’s University in Belfast, Ireland, jeered and hurled insults at former US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton Friday as she attended an induction ceremony.</strong></p>
<p>Footage shows the two-time failed Democrat presidential candidate being escorted into Belfast wearing a large, flowing ceremonial gown.</p>
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<p>As depicted in the video clip, a gathering of protesters were amassed outside the college to tell Clinton exactly what they thought of her.</p>
<p>“Hillary! You’re a criminal!” one woman can be heard shouting at her from nearby.</p>
<p>Clinton waves at the protesters, then proceeds to walk inside the university.</p>
<a class="gie-single" href="http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/1235462589" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Embed from Getty Images</a>
<p>The ceremony marked the former First Lady’s inauguration as Queen University’s first female chancellor.</p>
<p>“Clinton was appointed in early 2020 but her installation was delayed due to the Covid-19 pandemic,” <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-10025109/Hillary-Clinton-installed-chancellor-Queens-University-Belfast.html" target="_blank">reports</a> <em>DailyMail</em>.</p>
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<p><em><a href="https://banned.video/watch?id=6149138233bc7f00247e2432" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Hillary Clinton Lawyer Indictment Could Lead To Full Exposure Of Clinton MSM Corruption</a></em></p>
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source <a href="https://www.infowars.com/posts/youre-a-criminal-hillary-clinton-heckled-by-protesters-in-ireland">https://www.infowars.com/posts/youre-a-criminal-hillary-clinton-heckled-by-protesters-in-ireland</a>

news “You’re a Criminal!” Hillary Clinton Heckled by Protesters in Ireland

Protesters stationed outside Queen’s University in Belfast, Ireland, jeered and hurled insults at former US Secretary of State Hillary Clint...

Before a Bust, There Is Always a Boom (and Malinvestment)

<p><strong>For most commentators lending is associated with money. However, is this the case?</strong></p>
<p>\When a saver lends money, what he/she in fact lends to a borrower is final consumer goods that he/she did not consume. Therefore, what a lender lends to a borrower is savings and not money as such. </p>
<p>Take farmer Joe, who produced two kilograms of potatoes. For his own consumption, he requires one kilogram, and the rest he agrees to lend for one year to farmer Bob. The unconsumed kilogram of potatoes that Joe agrees to lend is his savings. </p>
<p>By lending one kilogram of potatoes to Bob, Joe has agreed to give up for one year ownership over these potatoes. In return, Bob provides Joe with a written promise that after one year he will repay 1.1 kilograms of potatoes. The 0.1 kilogram constitutes interest. Note that the existence of savings is the precondition for lending. There must be savings to fully back the lending. </p>
<p>What we have here is an exchange of one kilogram of present potatoes for 1.1 kilograms of potatoes in one year’s time. Both Joe and Bob have entered this transaction voluntarily, because they both have reached the conclusion that it would serve their objectives. </p>
<p>Using money does not alter the essence of what lending is all about. Instead of lending directly the one kilogram of potatoes Joe can first exchange these potatoes for money, let us say for $10. Joe can then lend the $10 to Bob for one year at the going interest rate of 10 percent. Note that money here fulfills not only the role of the medium of exchange but also the role of the medium of savings. Joe’s savings of one kilogram of potatoes are stored, so to speak, in the form of money.</p>
<p>Observe that the introduction of money did not change the fact that savings precede the act of lending. Note that savings support individuals in the various stages of production. Hence, savings are the heart of economic growth. It follows then that the lending of savings fulfills an important role in the process of wealth generation. By lending his savings to Bob, Joe provides sustenance to Bob the borrower. This in turn makes it possible for Bob to engage in a wealth-generating activity.</p>
<h4>Introducing Banking</h4>
<p>Rather than searching for potential borrowers himself, Joe could approach an organization that specializes in finding borrowers: a bank. The bank specializes in finding borrowers for individuals that are willing to lend their savings. The bank also specializes in finding lenders for individuals that are willing to borrow. From this we can infer that the bank fulfills the role of an intermediary. (Note that banks, rather than fulfilling the mediator’s role, could also engage in direct lending by using their own equity funds or by borrowing the required funds).</p>
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<p>In addition, the bank also offers a facility for storing money in demand deposits. An individual can exercise his/her demand for money by holding the money in his/her wallet, holding it at home, or storing it as a demand deposit with a bank. By storing, his/her money in a demand deposit an individual retains an unlimited claim over the deposited money—it is his possession. (Note that the saved one kilogram of potatoes is stored in the form of a $10 demand deposit).</p>
<p>If the owner of the demand deposit were to decide to lend part of the stored money, then he/she would likely inform the bank of this by transferring part of the money stored in the demand deposit to a term deposit. (Note that what effectively is transferred here is part of the saved quantity of potatoes that was stored in the form of money, which was in turn stored with the bank as a demand deposit).</p>
<p>Banks offer various lending instruments to potential lenders such as Joe through various term deposits. The bank offers Joe the option to lend his money for a very short period or a long one by allowing him to place his money in corresponding term deposits. For instance, if Joe decides to lend $5 for one year at the market interest rate he could transfer this amount to the one-year term deposit. This also means that Joe has agreed to relinquish ownership over the $5 for one year. Now it is up to the bank to find a suitable borrower. Observe that savings are fully back by lending here. Trouble, however, emerges once banks start to engage in lending without the support of savings.</p>
<h4>Lending Unbacked by Savings Results in Economic Impoverishment</h4>
<p>Again, if Joe were to decide to lend $5 for one year, we would have a transfer of $5 from Joe’s demand deposit to a one-year term deposit. The money in the one-year term deposit would then be lent out for one year. (The one-year term deposit of $5 backs the one-year loan of $5 here.)</p>
<p>Let us consider a case when Bob approaches Bank A for a loan of $5 for one year. Bank A accommodates this request and lends Bob the $5 by placing the money in a newly established demand deposit. Also, note that in this case we did not have a transfer of $5 from the holders of demand deposits such as Joe to the one-year term deposit. As a result the loan to Bob is unbacked by savings. In this case Bank A has generated the $5 loan out of “thin air.” The bank here has established a demand deposit to the tune of $5 without the backing from savings.</p>
<p>Once Bob the borrower uses the unbacked money, he is engaging in an exchange of nothing for something. This is because savings do not back up the $5—it is empty money. In an unhampered market economy, a bank would run the risk of bankruptcy if it were to issue loans out of “thin air.” According to Murray N. Rothbard, </p>
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<p>As soon as the new money ripples out to other banks—the issuing bank is in big trouble. For the sooner and the more intensely clients of other banks come into picture, the sooner will severe redemption pressure, even unto bankruptcy, hit the expanding bank.<a href="https://mises.org/wire/bust-there-always-boom-and-malinvestment#footnote1_8hles6k">1</a></p>
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<p>The reason for the likely bankruptcy is that the bank issuing these loans does not actually have enough money to clear its checks during the interbank settlements. Consequently, in an unhampered market economy, without a central bank, competition between banks is likely to minimize lending out of “thin air.” On this Ludwig von Mises wrote that</p>
<blockquote class="wp-block-quote" readability="9.983498349835">
<p>[p]eople often refer to the dictum of an anonymous American quoted by Tooke: “Free trade in banking is free trade in swindling.” However, freedom in the issuance of banknotes would have narrowed down the use of banknotes considerably if it had not entirely suppressed it. It was this idea which Cernuschi advanced in the hearings of the French Banking Inquiry on October 24,1865: “I believe that what is called freedom of banking would result in a total suppression of banknotes in France. I want to give everybody the right to issue banknotes so that nobody should take any banknotes any longer.”<a href="https://mises.org/wire/bust-there-always-boom-and-malinvestment#footnote2_ztgd6zj">2</a></p>
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<p>It must be realized that the likelihood of bankruptcy increases when there are many competing banks. As the number of banks increases and the number of clients per bank declines, the chances that clients will spend money from individuals that are banking with other banks will increase. This in turn will increase the risk of a bank not being able to clear its checks if it issues loans out of “thin air.” Conversely, as the number of competitive banks declines, that is as the number of clients per bank rises, the likelihood of bankruptcy diminishes. In the extreme case of one bank, it could practice the lending out of “thin air” without any fear of bankruptcy.</p>
<p>The act of lending out of “thin air” is becomes much more sustainable in the framework of a central bank. The central bank by means of the daily money supply management, i.e., monetary pumping, prevents banks from bankrupting each other.</p>
<p>According to Rothbard,</p>
<blockquote class="wp-block-quote" readability="8.9713375796178">
<p>The Central Bank can see to it that all banks in the country can inflate harmoniously and uniformly together…. In short, the Central Bank functions as a government cartelizing device to coordinate the banks so that they can evade the restrictions of free markets and free banking and inflate uniformly together.<a href="https://mises.org/wire/bust-there-always-boom-and-malinvestment#footnote3_9ocup3f">3</a></p>
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<h4>Lending out of “Thin Air” Causes the Disappearance of Money and the Rise of Nonproductive Activities</h4>
<p>When loaned money is fully backed by savings on the day of the loan’s maturity, it is returned to the original lender. Bob—the borrower of $5—will pay back on the maturity date the borrowed sum and interest to the bank. The bank in turn will pass to Joe the lender his $5 plus interest adjusted for bank fees. The money makes a full circle and goes back to the original lender. Note again that the bank here is just a facilitator; it is not a lender, so the borrowed money is returned to the original lender.</p>
<p>In contrast, when lending originates out of “thin air” and is returned on the maturity date to the bank, this leads to a withdrawal of money from the economy, i.e., to the decline in the money supply, the reason being that in this case we never had a saver/lender. Savings did not support the newly formed demand deposits here, so there is no original lender to whom the loaned money must be returned.</p>
<p>Observe that the $5 loan out of “thin air” is a catalyst for an exchange of nothing for something. This sustains various nonproductive activities that previously would not have been possible. As long as banks continue to expand lending out of “thin air,” various nonproductive activities will continue to flourish. Because of the continuous expansion such lending, the pace of wealth consumption will start surpass the pace of wealth production. The positive flow of savings will be arrested and a decline in the pool of savings will be set in motion.</p>
<p>Without this wealth to support them, various activities will start to deteriorate and banks’ bad loans will start to increase. In response to this, banks will curtail their lending out of “thin air,” triggering a decline in the money supply. A decline in the money supply will further undermine various nonproductive activities, and an economic recession will emerge.</p>
<p>According to a popular view championed by Milton Friedman, a severe economic slump, also known as an economic depression, emerges because of a strong decline in the money supply.<a href="https://mises.org/wire/bust-there-always-boom-and-malinvestment#footnote4_mqbom86">4</a> Therefore, it is the duty of the central bank to pump massive amounts of money to prevent economic depression. In fact, this is what the Ben Bernanke’s Fed did during the 2008 economic crisis.</p>
<p>However, an economic depression is not caused by a decline in the money supply as such, but comes in response to the shrinking pool of savings due to the previous easy monetary policies. The shrinking pool of savings leads to the decline in economic activity and in turn forces the decline in the lending out of “thin air,” resulting in the decline in the money supply.</p>
<p>Consequently, even if the central bank were to be successful in preventing the decline in the money supply, this would not prevent an economic depression if the pool of savings is declining. The heart of economic growth is the expanding pool of savings.</p>
<p>Again, a bank’s ability to generate loans out of “thin air” is bolstered by central bank easy monetary policies. In the absence of such an institution, the likelihood of banks practicing lending out of “thin air” is going to be very low.</p>
<h4>Conclusions</h4>
<p>Banks facilitate the flow of savings by introducing the suppliers of savings to the demanders. In this sense, by fulfilling the role of the intermediary, banks are an important factor in the process of wealth formation. Once, however, banks abandon their role as intermediary and start to lend money not backed by savings, this sets in motion the menace of the boom-bust cycle and impoverishment.</p>
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source <a href="https://www.infowars.com/posts/before-a-bust-there-is-always-a-boom-and-malinvestment">https://www.infowars.com/posts/before-a-bust-there-is-always-a-boom-and-malinvestment</a>

news Before a Bust, There Is Always a Boom (and Malinvestment)

For most commentators lending is associated with money. However, is this the case? \When a saver lends money, what he/she in fact lends to ...

Photographer Who Took Picture Of Border Patrol “Whipping” Illegals Says Media Full Of Crap

<p><strong>The photographer responsible for capturing images where Border Patrol agents on horseback were scrambling to round up illegal immigrants says mainstream media is lying about the pictures.</strong></p>
<p><a href="https://www.ktsm.com/local/el-paso-news/photographer-behind-controversial-photos-speaks-exclusively-to-ktsm/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Paul Ratje spoke with El Paso, Texas’ <em>KTSM</em></a> about the incident, informing the public the agents never “whipped” any of the illegal aliens unlike the lies being spewed by <a href="https://www.infowars.com/posts/fact-check-whips-used-by-border-patrol-during-illegal-migrant-surge-are-actually-just-horse-reins-never-struck-migrants/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">mainstream media</a> and <a href="https://www.infowars.com/posts/kamala-calls-for-investigation-into-border-patrol-pushes-lie-agents-whipped-haitian-illegals/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Democrat politicians</a>.</p>
<p>“Some of the Haitian men started running, trying to go around the horses,” Ratje explained. “I didn’t ever see them whip anybody with the thing. He was swinging it, but I didn’t see him actually whip somebody with it. That’s something that can be misconstrued when you’re looking at the picture.”</p>
<p>The footage caused such a stir among Democrats that the Biden administration <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.foxnews.com/politics/biden-administration-stops-border-patrol-using-horses-del-rio" target="_blank">banned agents working at the Border Patrol’s Del Rio sector</a> from using horses going forward.</p>
<p>An <em>AP</em> photographer named Sarah Morgan who was on the scene shared her footage of the scene showing the Border Patrol agent grabbed the man by his shirt and moved him over a few yards before letting him go.</p>
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<p lang="en" dir="ltr" xml:lang="en">Sorting through my footage from the border. I was in the river during the viral incident between a Haitian migrant and mounted CBP agent. It's shaky – but here's what I captured. <a href="https://t.co/fnvxSU83tO">pic.twitter.com/fnvxSU83tO</a></p>
— Sarah Blake Morgan (@StorytellerSBM) <a href="https://twitter.com/StorytellerSBM/status/1441450559995736069?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">September 24, 2021</a></blockquote>
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<p>Despite the entire narrative of Haitian migrants being whipped falling apart, the agents in the video <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="http://the%20agents%20who%20were%20photographed%20have%20been%20reassigned%20to%20desk%20duty%20while%20an%20investigation%20takes%20place./" target="_blank">have all been punished and reassigned to desk jobs.</a></p>
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<p><em>The Biden administration has banned horses at America’s southern border.</em></p>
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source <a href="https://www.infowars.com/posts/photographer-who-took-picture-of-border-patrol-whipping-illegals-says-media-full-of-crap">https://www.infowars.com/posts/photographer-who-took-picture-of-border-patrol-whipping-illegals-says-media-full-of-crap</a>

news Photographer Who Took Picture Of Border Patrol “Whipping” Illegals Says Media Full Of Crap

The photographer responsible for capturing images where Border Patrol agents on horseback were scrambling to round up illegal immigrants say...

Latest PHE report reveals the vaccinated account for 56% of Covid-19 cases, 61% of hospitalisations, and 77% of deaths which are 11 times higher than ...

<p><strong>If you wish to argue that the reason the vaccinated account for the majority of Covid-19 deaths is because the majority of the population are vaccinated, then you need to explain why Covid-19 deaths are 11 times higher than this time last year when there wasn’t a Covid-19 vaccine available that allegedly reduces the risk of death due to Covid-19 by 95%. Because this is precisely the predicament the United Kingdom is in right now.</strong></p>
<p>Between August 23rd 2020 and September 19th 2020 there were allegedly 275 deaths recorded that were associated with Covid-19, by associated we mean that they died within 28 days of testing positive for the virus.</p>
<p>However, fast forward precisely one year and between August 23rd 2021 and September 19th 2021, there were allegedly 3,125 deaths associated with Covid-19, and the vast majority of those deaths were people who had been fully vaccinated.</p>
<p>This represents a 1,036% increase in the number of deaths associated with Covid-19 on the previous year, meaning Covid-19 deaths are currently 11.3 times higher than the same period in 2020 despite 80% of the UK population now having had a Covid-19 vaccine, and having summer on our side to keep all respiratory viruses at bay.</p>
<p>Public Health England’s (PHE) latest <span><a href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1019992/Vaccine_surveillance_report_-_week_38.pdf">‘Covid-19 Vaccine Surveillance’ report</a></span>, published 23rd September, also shows that the majority of Covid-19 cases between the 23rd August 2021 and 19th September 2021 have been recorded among the fully vaccinated population, with 277,474 cases being recorded over a period of four weeks.</p>
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<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img alt="" class="wp-image-18327" data-attachment-id="18327" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-caption="" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="image-216" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/image-216.png?fit=639%2C285&ssl=1" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/image-216.png?fit=300%2C133&ssl=1" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/image-216.png?fit=1061%2C472&ssl=1" data-orig-size="1061,472" data-permalink="https://theexpose.uk/2021/09/24/phe-report-reveals-the-vaccinated-account-for-77-percent-covid-19-deaths/image-216-2/" data-recalc-dims="1" height="285" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 639px) 100vw, 639px" src="https://i0.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/image-216.png?resize=639%2C285&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/image-216.png?resize=1024%2C456&ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/image-216.png?resize=300%2C133&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/image-216.png?resize=768%2C342&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/image-216.png?w=1061&ssl=1 1061w" width="639" /></figure>
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<p>There were also a further 54,183 cases among people who had received a single dose of a Covid-19 vaccine more than 21 days prior to testing positive, 13,004 cases among people who had received a single dose of a Covid-19 vaccine less than 21 days prior to testing positive, and 275,845 cases among the unvaccinated population.</p>
<p>This means the vaccinated accounted for 55.5% of Covid-19 cases between August 23rd 2021 and September 19th 2021.</p>
<p>The same can be said for hospitalisations. Between August 23rd and September 19th a total of 8,160 people presented to emergency care resulting in overnight inpatient admission within 28 days of a positive test for Covid-19. Of these 4,557 were fully vaccinated, 383 were partly vaccinated, and 3,220 were unvaccinated.</p>
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<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img alt="" class="wp-image-18330" data-attachment-id="18330" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-caption="" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="image-217" data-large-file="https://i2.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/image-217.png?fit=639%2C305&ssl=1" data-medium-file="https://i2.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/image-217.png?fit=300%2C143&ssl=1" data-orig-file="https://i2.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/image-217.png?fit=1011%2C482&ssl=1" data-orig-size="1011,482" data-permalink="https://theexpose.uk/2021/09/24/phe-report-reveals-the-vaccinated-account-for-77-percent-covid-19-deaths/image-217-2/" data-recalc-dims="1" height="305" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 639px) 100vw, 639px" src="https://i2.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/image-217.png?resize=639%2C305&ssl=1" srcset="https://i2.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/image-217.png?w=1011&ssl=1 1011w, https://i2.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/image-217.png?resize=300%2C143&ssl=1 300w, https://i2.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/image-217.png?resize=768%2C366&ssl=1 768w" width="639" /></figure>
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<p>This means the vaccinated account for 60.5% of hospital admissions between August 23rd 2021 and September 19th 2021.</p>
<p>It should be noted here that the percentage of fully vaccinated people hospitalised is higher than the number of fully vaccinated people to have tested positive for Covid-19, and this trend unfortunately continues when it comes to Covid-19 deaths.</p>
<p>Table 4 of PHE’s <a href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1019992/Vaccine_surveillance_report_-_week_38.pdf">Covid-19 Vaccine Surveillance report</a> shows that between 23rd August and 19th September 2021 there were 3,125 deaths associated with Covid-19, and 76.64% of them were among the vaccinated population.</p>
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<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img alt="" class="wp-image-18336" data-attachment-id="18336" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-caption="" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="image-218" data-large-file="https://i1.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/image-218.png?fit=639%2C333&ssl=1" data-medium-file="https://i1.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/image-218.png?fit=300%2C156&ssl=1" data-orig-file="https://i1.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/image-218.png?fit=1013%2C528&ssl=1" data-orig-size="1013,528" data-permalink="https://theexpose.uk/2021/09/24/phe-report-reveals-the-vaccinated-account-for-77-percent-covid-19-deaths/image-218-2/" data-recalc-dims="1" height="333" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 639px) 100vw, 639px" src="https://i1.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/image-218.png?resize=639%2C333&ssl=1" srcset="https://i1.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/image-218.png?w=1013&ssl=1 1013w, https://i1.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/image-218.png?resize=300%2C156&ssl=1 300w, https://i1.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/image-218.png?resize=768%2C400&ssl=1 768w" width="639" /></figure>
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<p>According to the above 730 deaths occurred among the unvaccinated, 111 deaths occurred among the partly vaccinated, and 2,284 deaths occurred among the fully vaccinated.</p>
<p>But what does all this mean? Well, there were a very similar number of cases recorded among the unvaccinated (275,845) and fully vaccinated (277,474) population between 23rd August and 19th September 2021. This proves that the Covid-19 vaccines definitely do not prevent infection or transmission, as has been confirmed by three separate studies conducted by the CDC, UK Government, and Oxford University.</p>
<p>However, because the Covid-19 vaccines allegedly reduce the risk of hospitalisation and death by up to 95% you would expect to see far less hospitalisations and deaths among the fully vaccinated population than the number of hospitalisations and deaths among the unvaccinated population.</p>
<p>But as the above tables show, this isn’t the case. For instance, the case-hospitalisation rate, based on the numbers presented in PHE’s report, among the unvaccinated population equates to 1.1%. Whereas the case-hospitalisation rate among the fully vaccinated population equates to 1.64%. Therefore, the case-hospitalisation rate is 49% higher among the fully vaccinated population.</p>
<p>Using the same numbers presented in <a href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1019992/Vaccine_surveillance_report_-_week_38.pdf">PHE’s report,</a> the case-fatality rate among the unvaccinated population equates to 0.31%. Whereas the case-fatality rate among the fully vaccinated population equates to 0.96%. Therefore, the case-fatality rate is 209% higher among the fully vaccinated population.</p>
<p>The same pattern also occurs in the hospitalisation-fatality rate by vaccination status. The hospitalisation-fatality rate among the unvaccinated population is 26.8%. Whereas the hospitalisation-fatality rate among the fully vaccinated population is 58.9%. Therefore, the hospitalisation-fatality rate is 120% higher among the fully vaccinated population.</p>
<p>This isn’t a new phenomenon either, the fully vaccinated have now accounted for the <a href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/996740/Variants_of_Concern_VOC_Technical_Briefing_17.pdf">majority of Covid-19 deaths since at least the beginning of June 2021</a>, and there has been a rise in Covid-19 deaths since then.</p>
<p>Some will argue that it is because the elderly and vulnerable are more likely to die, but it was the elderly and vulnerable that were dying prior to the vaccination programme, and the United Kingdom was placed under a strict lockdown because of it.</p>
<p>Others will argue that is is because the majority of the population have had the vaccine, therefore the majority of deaths will be among the vaccinated, and that’s fine to argue that – but you cannot then argue that the vaccines are serving their purpose and must admit that they clearly do not work, because if they did we would not be seeing a summer wave of Covid-19 deaths 11 times higher than summer 2020 when no vaccine was available.</p>
<p>But we’d like to argue that the Covid-19 vaccines do not only not work, but they also make the recipient far worse if exposed to the alleged Covid-19 virus, and this is evident from the fact the case-fatality rate has been significantly higher among the fully vaccinated population since at least June 2021.</p>
<p>And if we are right; which the evidence suggests we are – we dread to think what this winter will bring with soaring energy prices, and food shortages coupled with the return of all respiratory viruses such as influenza, alongside the alleged circulating Covid-19 virus. It’s a recipe for disaster.</p>
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<div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__content" readability="16.858695652174"><time datetime="2021-09-23T14:00:00+01:00" class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__date">September 23, 2021</time><a href="https://theexpose.uk/2021/09/23/netherlands-to-introduce-covid-pass-for-restaurants-and-cultural-venues-despite-low-cases/" alt="Netherlands to Introduce Covid Pass for Restaurants and Cultural Venues, Despite Low Cases">Netherlands to Introduce Covid Pass for Restaurants and Cultural Venues, Despite Low Cases</a>
<p>The Netherlands is set to abolish most of its Covid-19 restrictions, yet …</p>
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<h3 class="jp-relatedposts-headline"><em>Related</em></h3>
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source <a href="https://theexpose.uk/2021/09/24/phe-report-reveals-the-vaccinated-account-for-77-percent-covid-19-deaths/">https://theexpose.uk/2021/09/24/phe-report-reveals-the-vaccinated-account-for-77-percent-covid-19-deaths/</a>

revolution Latest PHE report reveals the vaccinated account for 56% of Covid-19 cases, 61% of hospitalisations, and 77% of deaths which are 11 times higher than ...

If you wish to argue that the reason the vaccinated account for the majority of Covid-19 deaths is because the majority of the population ar...

Why America keeps turning its back on Haitian migrants

<p>The images left many sickened and outraged: Border Patrol agents on horseback hounding Haitian migrants near the US-Mexico border, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/23/us/haitian-migrants-texas-camp.html">more than 14,000</a> of whom were camped under the Del Rio bridge on September 19. The uniformed men swung their long horse reins — which many interpreted as whips — to keep the migrants from crossing into Texas. In one photo, an agent grabbed the T-shirt of a migrant, while another shouted in a video, “Get out now! Back to Mexico!”</p>
<p>Condemnation of the agents’ behavior was swift, with advocates drawing parallels to slave patrols, or the white men on horses who whipped enslaved people in cotton fields. But inhumane treatment of Black migrants, particularly Haitian migrants, is not new; it’s closely linked to the history of immigrant detention in the United States.</p>
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<figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">A US Border Patrol agent tries to stop a Haitian migrant from entering an encampment in Del Rio, Texas, on September 19. Outrage over the image was swift, with some advocates drawing parallels to slave patrols.</span></figcaption>
<span class="e-image__meta"><cite>Paul Ratje/AFP via Getty Images</cite></span></figure>
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<figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">Much of the current wave of Haitian migrants, more than 10,000, left Haiti after experiencing crises including an earthquake, a tropical storm, and the July assassination of President Jovenel Moïse.</span></figcaption>
<span class="e-image__meta"><cite>Paul Ratje/AFP via Getty Images</cite></span></figure>
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<figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">The US has been deporting thousands of migrants back to Haiti to deadly circumstances.</span></figcaption>
<span class="e-image__meta"><cite>Paul Ratje/AFP via Getty Images</cite></span></figure>
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<p>Haitians have sought asylum at US borders for decades, but every presidential administration since the 1970s has treated Haitians differently than other migrant groups, rejecting asylum claims, holding them longer in detention, and making it harder for them to settle down in safety. In the early 1990s, for example, when the United States detained more than 12,000 Haitian refugees at Guantanamo indefinitely, Immigration and Naturalization Services <a href="https://theconversation.com/us-turned-away-thousands-of-haitian-asylum-seekers-and-detained-hundreds-more-in-the-90s-98611">denied the vast majority of them asylum</a>.</p>
<p>According to Carl Lindskoog, the author of <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Detain-Punish-Refugees-Immigration-Detention/dp/1683401263" has-subtag="true" data-cdata='{"rewritten_url":"https://www.amazon.com/Detain-Punish-Refugees-Immigration-Detention/dp/1683401263?ascsubtag=[]vx[p]22453513[m]m-placeholder[s]s-placeholder[t]w[c]c-placeholder[r]r-placeholder[d]d-placeholder","subtag_max_length":99,"subtag_delim_length":2,"subtag_key":"ascsubtag","subtag_data":{"ascsubtag":"[]vx[p]22453513[m]m-placeholder[s]s-placeholder[t]w[c]c-placeholder[r]r-placeholder[d]d-placeholder"},"encode_subtag":false}'><em>Detain and Punish: Haitian Refugees and the Rise of the World’s Largest Immigration Detention System</em></a>, the United States’ inhumane treatment of Haitian refugees, whom the country has often cast as criminals, unskilled, diseased, and poor, has been a central part of the immigration detention story.</p>
<p>“Policies were specifically designed to deter Haitians from coming in. These policies became the prototype for what became a global system of migrant incarceration,” says Lindskoog, a professor of history at Raritan Valley Community College in New Jersey.</p>
<p>The current wave of Haitian migrants is fleeing a country that has experienced compounding crises. This summer, Haiti suffered a magnitude 7.2 earthquake and tropical storm that killed an estimated 2,200, with thousands more missing or injured. The July assassination of President Jovenel Moïse worsened violence and instability.</p>
<p>Haitians are still reeling from the January 2010 earthquake that affected 3 million people, causing irreparable damage to homes and infrastructure. Gangs have since risen in power, leading many Haitians to live in fear for their lives and families.</p>
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<figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">Migrants, many from Haiti, at an encampment along the Del Rio International Bridge in Texas on September 21. Some Haitian immigrants at the border had not found asylum elsewhere after the 2010 Haiti earthquake that devastated the country.</span></figcaption>
<span class="e-image__meta"><cite>Julio Cortez/AP</cite></span></figure>
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<p>As Lindskoog says, what Haitians are experiencing is the kind of calamity that asylum was designed for in the period following World War II: “It is their legal right to seek asylum.”</p>
<p>However, some migrants hoping for asylum are instead being chased down and shut out at the border — <a href="https://apnews.com/article/port-au-prince-haiti-c01b09afb49c4586fdd718031d32402a">images show</a> them being removed from airplanes in Port-au-Prince with their belongings scattered on the airport’s tarmac — while <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/22/us/politics/biden-haitian-migrants-texas.html">an undisclosed number are being allowed into</a> the United States. Biden’s decision to fly Haitians back to deadly circumstances, under a Trump-era policy, underscores the United States’ longstanding animus toward Black migrants.</p>
<p>I talked to Lindskoog about the history of Haitian migrant detention in the US and why America has consistently rolled out harsh policies for Haitians, without displaying compassion for immigrants from the embattled Caribbean nation. Our conversation has been edited and condensed.</p>
<h4>Fabiola Cineas</h4>
<p>This week, images and video of Border Patrol agents mounted on horseback rounding up Haitian migrants at the southern border sparked national outrage. The images depicted officials using horse reins, which many likened to whips, to control the movement of the Haitians. Can you tell me what came to mind when you saw those images?</p>
<h4>Carl Lindskoog</h4>
<p>The images are horrible. I agree with everyone who said it was so terribly resonant of the long history of anti-Black racism and racial violence. Those images bring a lot of strands of history together, from why the Border Patrol was created, to how violent that institution has been, to how our modern policing system comes from the enforcement of slavery. And then there is how our immigration system has been criminalized and merged into our criminal justice system, both of which have anti-Black elements. What’s happening at the border is horrifying and fits into the long intersecting history of anti-Black, anti-immigrant sentiment and anti-Haitian exclusion.</p>
<h4>Fabiola Cineas</h4>
<p>Let’s talk more about the Border Patrol’s racist history, which <a href="https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/sites/default/files/research/the_legacy_of_racism_within_the_u.s._border_patrol.pdf">has been well documented</a> and began with its formation in the early 1920s as a kind of brotherhood with KKK members and racist Texas Rangers. Can you tell me more about how these origins were likely at play in Del Rio with Haitian migrants?</p>
<h4>Carl Lindskoog</h4>
<p>There is a really good book about this by Kelly Lytle Hernández called <em>Migra! A History of The U.S. Border Patrol,</em> in which she describes how the creation of the US Border Patrol in 1924 happened amidst a much broader anti-immigrant moment. There was the national <a href="https://history.state.gov/milestones/1921-1936/immigration-act#:~:text=The%20Immigration%20Act%20of%201924%20limited%20the%20number%20of%20immigrants,of%20the%201890%20national%20census.">Immigration Restriction Act of 1924</a> that placed new racist immigration quotas and exclusions as part of American immigration policy.</p>
<p>It was the gatekeeping mechanism at the time for keeping out who we don’t want to come across on American shores. [Author’s note: For example, <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/hispanic/2015/09/28/chapter-1-the-nations-immigration-laws-1920-to-today/">the law</a> favored migration from Northern and Western European countries and decreased the annual immigration cap from 350,000 to 165,000.]</p>
<figure class="e-image"><span class="e-image__inner"><span class="e-image__image" data-original="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873334/GettyImages_644314832.jpg"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1632531479_8918_137843" data-cdata='{"asset_id":22873334,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/t6z4qgopcgzWSKZPRdyCFsSYBao=/0x0:3000x2225/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2225):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873334/GettyImages_644314832.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/rsHvNK6iok9xJPeCyMsw6gm7VLc=/0x0:3000x2225/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2225):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873334/GettyImages_644314832.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/uuCIQu4vqWsJU9jqAeCEASvqWOw=/0x0:3000x2225/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2225):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873334/GettyImages_644314832.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/V9rf3y3K-xo9WZjbiRwJya2csXw=/0x0:3000x2225/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2225):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873334/GettyImages_644314832.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/DOs_JRRGFSTHFMHC7ZTSm9ymiy4=/0x0:3000x2225/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2225):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873334/GettyImages_644314832.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/oD9igvICdrg8yLQB5Sn6eQnso7c=/0x0:3000x2225/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2225):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873334/GettyImages_644314832.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/PpZUFOUGGZugGz9kePMHNWL8Myk=/0x0:3000x2225/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2225):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873334/GettyImages_644314832.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/TsJNgTw_37nl6b9dtf_978cRC3E=/0x0:3000x2225/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2225):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873334/GettyImages_644314832.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/OnPdc8QzVzi0OACzesFX2WJjpCg=/0x0:3000x2225/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2225):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873334/GettyImages_644314832.jpg 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="" data-upload-width="3000" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/pX-bYY6_a3m-v8DXJ4JY1Fl23NM=/0x0:3000x2225/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2225):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873334/GettyImages_644314832.jpg" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/-ZNXcvYRC8285ZDS44OJEAdw5e4=/0x0:3000x2225/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2225):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873334/GettyImages_644314832.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/F_Lb0LnOPNWqL8tDfqXVMVgu9xQ=/0x0:3000x2225/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2225):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873334/GettyImages_644314832.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/xO3iqtcnZkB7ZM_LizrsQZWffE8=/0x0:3000x2225/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2225):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873334/GettyImages_644314832.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/SYJb2ycj_n7LCTUhE1t7ot4OBJ8=/0x0:3000x2225/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2225):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873334/GettyImages_644314832.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/4pTUG_9HhH-f931Amzwn7UET9fg=/0x0:3000x2225/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2225):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873334/GettyImages_644314832.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/E9brIdOtzto_11PRwldWiZna32Q=/0x0:3000x2225/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2225):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873334/GettyImages_644314832.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/UM_E7ghWrT7gHg15hNS3SIr6Kbg=/0x0:3000x2225/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2225):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873334/GettyImages_644314832.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/5eTE81jjvgXeBZtqL7K-KU0etoY=/0x0:3000x2225/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2225):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873334/GettyImages_644314832.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/oM8KOW8t1AYXtL6XY6eu4F-B5Vc=/0x0:3000x2225/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2225):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873334/GettyImages_644314832.jpg 1920w" /></picture></span></span>
<figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">“Aliens” apprehended by the Border Patrol await questioning in Brownsville, Texas, in September 1984.</span></figcaption>
<span class="e-image__meta"><cite>Stan Grossfeld/The Boston Globe via Getty Images</cite></span></figure>
<p>Simultaneously, the Border Patrol — which evolved out of a longer history of anti-migrant, anti-Mexican white supremacist violence along the US borderlands — was introduced to police to control the movement of Mexican migrants in particular, but also other people who might cross the southern border.</p>
<h4>Fabiola Cineas</h4>
<p>Yes, many people tend to only think of Mexican migrants trying to cross the southern border. But there are people from Caribbean countries taking long, arduous treks across water and through numerous nations and terrains to seek American asylum. For example, <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/09/21/haiti-migrants-texas-border/">reports have suggested</a> that many of the more than 14,000 Haitian migrants who were camped under the Del Rio International Bridge had actually left Haiti after the 2010 earthquake and had stopped in places like Brazil and Chile but have been on the move to Mexico due to various circumstances. What kinds of conditions have these migrants faced in the past 10 or so years?</p>
<h4>Carl Lindskoog</h4>
<p>From what I’ve learned from organizations like the Haitian Bridge Alliance and from reporters who have gone down to places like Brazil to report on conditions, especially after the economic downturn and other crises in Brazil, is that they couldn’t stay there. So they went to Chile and didn’t have the greatest reception there and sometimes faced a harrowing journey through jungles and across borders.</p>
<p>There’s a <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/03/world/americas/mexico-migration-conditions.html">gigantic immigration detention facility in southern Mexico</a>, where Mexico does a lot of the dirty work of the United States by detaining people who’ve crossed the border with Guatemala. If they got out of there, and were able to make it through the dangerous terrain up to the US-Mexico border, that is a major act of survival because of everything that they had to face in coming so many miles and facing so many police forces, prisons, and natural challenges. And then to see the images and read the reports that they’re living in that large encampment now, and just trying to get food and water and then to face that violent reprisal by the US Border Patrol — it’s just unimaginable.</p>
<h4>Fabiola Cineas</h4>
<p>And how does this modern-day situation compare to the kind of treatment Haitian migrants have traditionally received over the past couple of decades, whether they’re entering through the southern border or trying to get to Florida’s shores by boat?</p>
<h4>Carl Lindskoog</h4>
<p>They have, for most of history, been met with exclusion. During the 1940s, ’50s, and ’60s, most Haitians were coming on student visas or tourist visas, and then if they didn’t have authorization to stay, they were overstaying their visa. There were also a number of political exiles. So they weren’t really on the radar and seen as a big problem. They were establishing themselves in neighborhoods in New York primarily, and in Boston and elsewhere in Canada.</p>
<p>It’s really in the early to mid-1970s when the so-called “boat people,” which is a different demographic — more working-class, urban, displaced Haitians — started to come by boats and ships, trying to make it to American shores. When they tried to put in asylum claims was when they started to be more on the radar of American authorities.</p>
<p>That triggered this racist backlash, especially in South Florida, because it was at a moment when there was already a racist backlash to the civil rights movement. So to have all these poor unauthorized migrants who don’t speak English, that are Black, showing up, there’s this really racist reaction.</p>
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<figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">Haitians refugees arrive at Mayport in Jacksonville, Florida, in 1976. They had been adrift in an 18-foot boat for five days.</span></figcaption>
<span class="e-image__meta"><cite>AP</cite></span></figure>
<p>South Floridians started to put pressure on their local officials, who then turned to Washington, and there was a very concerted effort to keep Haitians out. The Carter administration <a href="https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3495&context=facpub">introduced something called the Haitian Program</a> — a punishing set of policies designed to deter Haitians from coming in. And if they were already here, it tried to keep them out of the mainstream population. That meant putting them in detention facilities and local jails, basically denying them carte blanche their asylum claims and just sending them back.</p>
<p>There was a big legal challenge in 1980, <a href="https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/503/442/1467096/"><em>Haitian Refugee Center v. Civiletti</em></a><em>,</em> where Haitian migrants and their advocates got a federal judge named James Lawrence King to recognize in a ruling that this practice was not only discriminatory but also racist. Haitians were being excluded because they were Black and because they were Haitian. King overturned the Haitian Program, but the Carter administration worked to circumvent it like subsequent administrations would.</p>
<p>When the Reagan administration came into power, they introduced a new Haitian detention program and the policy of interdiction, in which Coast Guard cutters would intercept boats of Haitian asylum seekers before they could even reach land and send them back, often to violence and death in Haiti. That process continued throughout the 1980s and 1990s.</p>
<p>The Biden administration’s mass denial of asylum claims, which they’re doing by invoking <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2021/8/4/22605595/biden-immigration-border-title-42-deportation-mexico">Title 42</a> — a 2020 Trump administration coronavirus policy that has been used to expel more than a million migrants without hearings before an immigration judge — is not something new. This is something that both Republican and Democratic administrations have done, and it very much fits with the long history of the US government denying the legitimacy of Haitians’ asylum claims and sending them to a dangerous and often deadly situation.</p>
<h4>Fabiola Cineas</h4>
<p>It seems presidents of all backgrounds and in both parties have engaged in harm toward Haiti and Haitian migrants. US involvement in Haiti has often led to periods of instability there, but then the US has at times in the past turned around and <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/us/white-house-says-it-is-not-sending-haiti-migrants-border-guantanamo-2021-09-23/">interned Haitians at Guantanamo</a>.</p>
<h4>Carl Lindskoog</h4>
<p>The coup d’état against Haiti’s first democratically elected president, Jean-Bertrand Aristide, happened when George H.W. Bush was in power, and he <a href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-mar-04-oe-sachs4-story.html">sort of paid lip service to the illegitimate military government</a> that was ruling after Aristide was put out of office. But Bush refused to accept Haitian asylum seekers and did everything the US government could to keep Haitians from being able to seek safe haven, even though the human rights atrocities after the coup were well-documented.</p>
<p>There was another set of legal challenges and legal battles in the courts to give Haitians asylum, some of which were somewhat successful, but that’s the period when Guantanamo was first established as an offshore prison to try to serve as a buffer for people whom you don’t even want to allow to get to American shores to seek asylum. And Haitians were the first Guantanamo detainees.</p>
<p>When Bill Clinton was running for president and trying to defeat George H.W. Bush, he promised to reverse that. A lot of Americans and people around the world were indignant about the Bush administration’s treatment of Haitians. <em>“</em>Of course we’re gonna let Haitians in,” Clinton said. But after he was elected, he reversed course and turned his back on the Haitians and said, “Well, we don’t want to trigger another humanitarian crisis by taking people because then more people will go out on this perilous journey across the ocean<em>.”</em> He was trying to invoke humanitarian reasons for still denying people the right to seek asylum.</p>
<p>Meanwhile, more Haitians filled up Guantanamo, some of whom were HIV positive and had AIDS. That began another chapter in what one scholar calls the carceral quarantine of Haitians for medical reasons. This was similar to what’s happening today because Title 42 is built on the basis of public health mandates to exclude people. While many people were forcibly returned from Guantanamo to Haiti, a number of those Haitians who remained at Guantanamo were able to make it to the United States after intense political and legal struggle.</p>
<figure class="e-image"><span class="e-image__inner"><span class="e-image__image" data-original="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873411/AP9112050118_copy.jpg"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1632531479_9421_137845" data-cdata='{"asset_id":22873411,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/dOvTlHDgiOTLuabVpnPoVkJq57U=/0x0:3000x2019/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2019):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873411/AP9112050118_copy.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Kr0SLlPhPvEIPXgSMxMbyDKaLKc=/0x0:3000x2019/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2019):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873411/AP9112050118_copy.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/vDNgoZdFIY3w1ZeCuLfeMaGSuQc=/0x0:3000x2019/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2019):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873411/AP9112050118_copy.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Le-Iap4KY8TZ-Dt_0vQyi_7YuXM=/0x0:3000x2019/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2019):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873411/AP9112050118_copy.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/7V8_TWx_tp5Rd3q_qRkoSQcwkdM=/0x0:3000x2019/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2019):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873411/AP9112050118_copy.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/qpAfvBQDDEDf0C9VN3Lj-upvTb0=/0x0:3000x2019/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2019):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873411/AP9112050118_copy.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/fK0ZdWz8DM1YYcYPo5T9OA3gygc=/0x0:3000x2019/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2019):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873411/AP9112050118_copy.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/BJdQKYx83a8R156igH912gMhy38=/0x0:3000x2019/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2019):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873411/AP9112050118_copy.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Ud8pFMLygMBEIg3WDhW3esTxHOI=/0x0:3000x2019/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2019):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873411/AP9112050118_copy.jpg 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="" data-upload-width="3000" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/rKYAT1ntmzPMx8GqGB3fov_wrbg=/0x0:3000x2019/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2019):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873411/AP9112050118_copy.jpg" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/R2WkFCNTlXSUZX_hPgHgoDyvgjM=/0x0:3000x2019/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2019):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873411/AP9112050118_copy.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/_XVmqCLSG4rZhR5YqZ10vzOPeqY=/0x0:3000x2019/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2019):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873411/AP9112050118_copy.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/pWwWVETYOFOztAAW3JT7eVlQz3c=/0x0:3000x2019/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2019):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873411/AP9112050118_copy.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/k0C2BZ5Rkkoyd3GGsqeRPEruPTs=/0x0:3000x2019/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2019):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873411/AP9112050118_copy.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/U4C8rkqwNg0C-mOqc-DWLWUZFCk=/0x0:3000x2019/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2019):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873411/AP9112050118_copy.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/-JlhFASotenonyTRlcEaNfmZZVU=/0x0:3000x2019/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2019):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873411/AP9112050118_copy.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/2YqN0i3y3mVrQkEPSm0hZXbx97k=/0x0:3000x2019/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2019):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873411/AP9112050118_copy.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/W6IinM0TmybZ32MkM97bd7uOAjY=/0x0:3000x2019/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2019):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873411/AP9112050118_copy.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/t96VVHva9EtxiaS41xcs2nEmxCg=/0x0:3000x2019/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2019):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873411/AP9112050118_copy.jpg 1920w" /></picture></span></span>
<figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">Haitian refugees lined up in cots in the McCalla hangar in Guantanamo Bay Naval Base in 1991.</span></figcaption>
<span class="e-image__meta"><cite>Chris O’Meara/AP</cite></span></figure>
<h4>Fabiola Cineas</h4>
<p>There’s historically also been a difference between how Cuban migrants and Haitian migrants have been treated, which many scholars point out is based on skin color. Is it useful to compare the plight of various migrant groups trying to make it into the United States?</p>
<h4>Carl Lindskoog</h4>
<p>I think it is useful. I think there are a lot of interesting polarities in the experience of Haitians and Cubans in how they come to the United States. The best example of course was the summer of 1980 when more than 100,000 Cubans came by boat seeking asylum, and so did approximately 15,000 Haitians.</p>
<p>The Refugee Act of 1980 had just passed, but it didn’t have clear instructions for how to treat vast numbers of asylum seekers, so initially, both Cubans and Haitians were placed in refugee camps on military bases across the United States. But pretty quickly, Cubans, for the most part, were released and allowed to be with family members and the Cuban community. Haitians languished in detention much longer.</p>
<p>For the Haitians that came after, a special piece of legislation was passed to adjust their status known as the <a href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/96th-congress/house-bill/7978#:~:text=Cuban%2FHaitian%20Entrant%20Act%20of,exclusion%20or%20deportation%20proceedings%20as">Cuban-Haitian Entrant Act of 1980</a>. But the Haitians that came after the act were again treated just like the ones that came before — excluded and barred. Cubans never suffered the same kind of exclusion or mass detention that Haitians did, despite the fact that they’re both coming from Caribbean nations and seeking asylum.</p>
<h4>Fabiola Cineas</h4>
<p>How do these exclusionary policies translate to how Haitians are treated once in America?</p>
<h4>Carl Lindskoog</h4>
<p>For the Haitian community and Haitian migrants in particular, they’ve repeatedly been targeted as disease carriers, which historically has also been a racialized notion not only of the foreign-born but especially of the nonwhite foreign-born. In the 1970s, their incarceration exclusion was sometimes justified on the basis that they were carrying tuberculosis. In the 1980s and especially in the 1990s, it became the notion that they were carrying AIDS. But Haitians said all along that singling them out is discriminatory because they aren’t any more likely to be diseased than other people. It is racialized stigmatization.</p>
<p>The same thing goes for criminalization. The <a href="https://baji.org/">Black Alliance for Just Immigration</a> has documented how Black immigrants are much more likely to be incarcerated, how they spend much more time in detention, and how their asylum cases, deportation cases, and immigration appeals are much more likely to be denied. That’s part of how immigration enforcement blends into the criminal justice system and policing — now that there’s a criminalized racial immigration system, often a migrant’s first point of contact in this country is with law enforcement.</p>
<p>A lot of municipalities and localities have an agreement between their local law enforcement in the immigration system that they will refer any unauthorized or undocumented person or someone with some kind of immigration issue over to the immigration system. They then get put into the immigration system based on some racialized reading about who they are and are disproportionately likely to be detained or deported.</p>
<h4>Fabiola Cineas</h4>
<p>So it’s clear that Haitian migrants are particularly demonized and criminalized, but I also think another element to their story is erasure. It feels like not many people know about this history. Even in the past decade or so, conversations about immigrants tend to leave out Black immigrants in general. Research from the nonprofit organization RAICES <a href="https://www.raicestexas.org/2020/07/22/black-immigrant-lives-are-under-attack/">found that 44 percent of families</a> that ICE locked up during the pandemic last year were Haitian and that this information was underreported.</p>
<p>A February 2021 <a href="https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/sites/default/files/research/the_legacy_of_racism_within_the_u.s._border_patrol.pdf">report</a> from the American Immigration Council stated that at one detention center in 2020, nearly half of the families threatened with family separation were Black and originated from Haiti, Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sierra Leone, and Afro-Latino communities in Latin America. What does the erasure signify?</p>
<h4>Carl Lindskoog</h4>
<p>Black migrants, Black immigrants, and Black asylum seekers are often left out of discussions of immigration, immigrant rights, and immigrant justice. In the media, when we are having these big national debates, we tend to think more about Central Americans and other Latin Americans, not the Caribbean so much. And, of course, in recent years, there were large numbers of displaced people coming from Central America — and that’s part of why that drew the attention.</p>
<p>But it’s also true that Haitians only appear from time to time in conversation, and it’s not understood that their experiences track really closely to a lot of other asylum seekers.</p>
<div class="c-wide-block">
<figure class="e-image"><span class="e-image__inner"><span class="e-image__image" data-original="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873346/GettyImages_1341807851_copy.jpg"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1632531479_2798_137846" data-cdata='{"asset_id":22873346,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/jP3ylKPwWS-vZNRmGT8-HHlqINg=/0x0:3000x2000/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873346/GettyImages_1341807851_copy.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/JNyxEsfb6lWeb_YOpgiWj-YZiv8=/0x0:3000x2000/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873346/GettyImages_1341807851_copy.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/A6XupZsoESmsCIWCxwDyMaIUJ14=/0x0:3000x2000/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873346/GettyImages_1341807851_copy.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/jlEaBeT8FDZfiDWyr1L_gCvsi5I=/0x0:3000x2000/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873346/GettyImages_1341807851_copy.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/fXsG196JX9Dlm0EuSPwZ1WrLymM=/0x0:3000x2000/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873346/GettyImages_1341807851_copy.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/c_Nz80FAp9iY0ehoXZwAlbXFPus=/0x0:3000x2000/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873346/GettyImages_1341807851_copy.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/FmOx9PW-g43fE23_rVIEPleXAiw=/0x0:3000x2000/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873346/GettyImages_1341807851_copy.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ehw8Nx_TrU_JdRwiJ7wTMwIAf8A=/0x0:3000x2000/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873346/GettyImages_1341807851_copy.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/zuiYsJ7IV3T5l8JuVvaXEParXok=/0x0:3000x2000/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873346/GettyImages_1341807851_copy.jpg 1920w" sizes="90vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="" data-upload-width="3000" sizes="90vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/7kWLPDw0Cl2o9RsoTFHzg9N2dE8=/0x0:3000x2000/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873346/GettyImages_1341807851_copy.jpg" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/_msfrihFpkiYPcwjI8gMierb6VM=/0x0:3000x2000/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873346/GettyImages_1341807851_copy.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/3YBXNY3V-pNDFnRoZmX-y8jOUko=/0x0:3000x2000/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873346/GettyImages_1341807851_copy.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/MsZfhrcSpm19DFZuH_vBvb5R698=/0x0:3000x2000/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873346/GettyImages_1341807851_copy.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/glfWt5YopTvXyD9eDR03RWrv6_U=/0x0:3000x2000/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873346/GettyImages_1341807851_copy.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/PCpY8ztfiQeaYL9syYMk4pGkv2c=/0x0:3000x2000/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873346/GettyImages_1341807851_copy.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/C-epCbqHHM42sfSWPzqJ7gJmpro=/0x0:3000x2000/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873346/GettyImages_1341807851_copy.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/otFEBSDlj0LRkxKZlxFO_LC2g-8=/0x0:3000x2000/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873346/GettyImages_1341807851_copy.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/OuNrdreuis3sl9XhlCzNpoaayps=/0x0:3000x2000/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873346/GettyImages_1341807851_copy.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/JskKO9SCYqnt7804y3LswsJSzIw=/0x0:3000x2000/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22873346/GettyImages_1341807851_copy.jpg 1920w" /></picture></span></span>
<figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">Haitians have sought asylum at US borders for decades, but presidential administrations since at least the 1970s have practiced exclusion against them.</span></figcaption>
<span class="e-image__meta"><cite>John Moore/Getty Images</cite></span></figure>
</div>
<h4>Fabiola Cineas</h4>
<p>Even with the current attention being paid to the treatment of Haitian migrants, it’s still unclear how the United States is going to decide which Haitians they allow in and which they don’t. The Biden administration’s initial response was to schedule seven flights a day to send Haitians at the border back. But then the Associated Press <a href="https://apnews.com/article/immigration-united-states-texas-el-paso-del-rio-3a8146cbcb47b9df7a31a19594df3ec6">reported</a> that Haitians were being released to El Paso, Texas; Arizona; and other places for 60 days before they’d have to appear at an immigration office. There’s not much transparency about how these decisions are being made.</p>
<h4>Carl Lindskoog</h4>
<p>The Biden administration is under intense political pressure from different sides and from different interests, just as previous administrations have been. The administration is trying to maintain its image as being very different from the Trump administration, especially when it comes to racism and anti-immigrant nativist xenophobia, but I don’t believe that his policies have yet proven to be very different.</p>
<p>[Vice President] Kamala Harris can stand there and say she is horrified, and [press secretary] <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/white-house-says-images-border-patrol-whip-obviously-horrific-n1279663">Jen Psaki can say the same</a>. But the whole reason the inhumane treatment of Haitians is happening is because the Biden administration is continuing the Trump administration’s illegitimate and unjustified use of Title 42, which is a way of denying the asylum process to which Haitians and all other people are entitled, by both our own federal law and international law.</p>
<p>US Secretary of Homeland Security Alejandro Mayorcas made a strong statement to migrants saying that if they come here illegally, they’re going to be removed, that they are going to fail. But it’s not illegal to claim asylum. It is a legal right to claim asylum. Migrants have to have a legitimate fear of past or future persecution in their home country on the basis of a number of categories — if they can prove that, then they’ve proven their asylum case and are supposed to be allowed to stay.</p>
<h4>Fabiola Cineas</h4>
<p>Many activists have used the phrase “<a href="https://twitter.com/f_bott/status/1440344188717912067">Haitians are owed</a>.” There’s this idea that the world owes Haiti and has played a role in its plight. What do you think about this in the context of what took place at the border this week?</p>
<h4>Carl Lindskoog</h4>
<p>We do all owe Haitians for the Haitian Revolution, which successfully ended in 1804 and was the most sweeping human rights revolution in all of human history. Haitian liberation, first from slavery and then from colonialism and achieving independence, was a victory for all enslaved, oppressed people, including Black Americans.</p>
<p>In many ways, Haitians, sadly, because they’ve so often been targeted by racism and injustice, have kept fighting in the 1970s, ’80s, and ’90s in this country and in others. Their determination to liberate themselves and other people they’ve struggled alongside continues to be a model for how all incarcerated, enslaved, and otherwise abused people can find their liberation. That’s one major reason we owe a debt of gratitude to Haitians.</p>
<p>That’s even more reason to fight alongside them for justice today at the US-Mexico border and wherever they encounter racism and discrimination.</p>
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