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Clean energy is buried at the bottom of abandoned oil wells

<p><em>This story is part of Recode by Vox’s</em> <a href="https://www.vox.com/e/22789761"><em>Tech Support</em></a> <em>series, which explores solutions for our warming world.</em></p>
<p>In case you missed it, our planet is in trouble. The <a href="https://www.vox.com/23009894/un-ipcc-climate-mitigation-report-ar6-summary">UN climate report</a> from early April makes clear we’re on a path that will careen past the climate goals set in the Paris Agreement, and we need to cut carbon emissions — fast. But while solar and wind power are important (they are, after all, key parts of the Biden administration’s <a href="https://www.vox.com/22242572/biden-climate-change-plan-explained">climate plan</a>) they’re the kind of thing we’ve seen plenty of before, which means they’ll only get us so far. What we need, the UN report says, is new solutions. Which is why <a href="https://www.energy.gov/eere/articles/doe-awards-84-million-accessing-geothermal-potential-abandoned-oil-and-gas-wells">a pilot program</a> recently detailed by the US Department of Energy (DOE) is particularly intriguing. If it works, it could help solve multiple problems at once, using an often-overlooked solution: geothermal energy.</p>
<p>Geothermal energy works on a simple premise: The Earth’s core is hot, and by drilling even just a few miles underground, we can tap into that practically unlimited heat source to generate energy for our homes and businesses without creating nearly as many of the greenhouse gas emissions that come from burning fossil fuels. However, drilling doesn’t come cheap — it accounts for half the cost of most geothermal energy projects — and requires specialized labor to map the subsurface, drill into the ground, and install the infrastructure needed to bring energy to the surface.</p>
<figure class="e-image"><span class="e-image__inner"><span class="e-image__image" data-original="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389663/GettyImages_1238962650.jpg"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1650358815_5509_238479" data-cdata='{"asset_id":23389663,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/FyzMyO23E5Iu1Xys9iDaIqah-aU=/0x0:3000x2000/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389663/GettyImages_1238962650.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/qmFPKR0wokll5LzEGl7m33ZjNnU=/0x0:3000x2000/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389663/GettyImages_1238962650.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/7puZB-QK-FXlWBwT2EhdbtZsuS0=/0x0:3000x2000/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389663/GettyImages_1238962650.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/2ys7ogSjW5pzxzYIxvJ4gdtqrAM=/0x0:3000x2000/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389663/GettyImages_1238962650.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/svfDdbr0Cb-aDjXX4x3ufOjLibI=/0x0:3000x2000/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389663/GettyImages_1238962650.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/mTdNwS_1YneKcy4GYYcmPzC2c9o=/0x0:3000x2000/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389663/GettyImages_1238962650.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/alrIe7kqJa2RpmNIzw27Mdjqmbk=/0x0:3000x2000/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389663/GettyImages_1238962650.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/VruKPLEI8SKqjefxKDZdeUPEibc=/0x0:3000x2000/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389663/GettyImages_1238962650.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/aAbsLb3H3pxDuMegitsSWqjsEDM=/0x0:3000x2000/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389663/GettyImages_1238962650.jpg 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="Workers in an oil field use equipment attached to the back of their truck to close an oil well." data-upload-width="3000" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/zDrwMmrAWX9s7oZAgP1xNGsAsNA=/0x0:3000x2000/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389663/GettyImages_1238962650.jpg" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/qVp5jycOnXQSXvsf50NFlRxwSi4=/0x0:3000x2000/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389663/GettyImages_1238962650.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/k268-k77z5nVGOH4jYfHtOzZVU4=/0x0:3000x2000/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389663/GettyImages_1238962650.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/De4RfR2Pxsmkn9tcNqEEosTiGn8=/0x0:3000x2000/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389663/GettyImages_1238962650.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/5zL-HnLuQi62vRWBUTKdkEOkkXQ=/0x0:3000x2000/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389663/GettyImages_1238962650.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Hy5kNVivszs40alh930Eq09j_uc=/0x0:3000x2000/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389663/GettyImages_1238962650.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/i6TxeFdABb4UuxmVfCsyb2qMVWg=/0x0:3000x2000/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389663/GettyImages_1238962650.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/bNL61nwIdTWFzAtjhItbbhnQ0yo=/0x0:3000x2000/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389663/GettyImages_1238962650.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/9fo8_Hy_wBaqO-oQAw2CI3Ew92w=/0x0:3000x2000/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389663/GettyImages_1238962650.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/EQIpCP3iYIhkVKmWZ9_fxQLwXI4=/0x0:3000x2000/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389663/GettyImages_1238962650.jpg 1920w" /></picture></span></span>
<figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">The federal government has allocated $4.7 billion in federal infrastructure dollars to plug abandoned wells in an effort to lessen adverse health and environmental impact.</span></figcaption>
<span class="e-image__meta"><cite>Robyn Beck/AFP via Getty Images</cite></span></figure>
<p>But the US, in the wake of an oil and gas boom, just so happens to have <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-drilling-abandoned-specialreport/special-report-millions-of-abandoned-oil-wells-are-leaking-methane-a-climate-menace-idUSKBN23N1NL">millions of oil and gas wells</a> sitting abandoned across the country. And oil and gas wells, it turns out, happen to share many of the same characteristics as geothermal wells — namely that they are deep holes in the ground, with pipes that can bring fluids up to the surface. So, the DOE asks, why not repurpose them?</p>
<h3>What’s old is new again</h3>
<p>That’s exactly what the agency’s pilot program, called <a href="https://www.energy.gov/eere/geothermal/wells-opportunity-reamplify">Wells of Opportunity: ReAmplify</a>, aims to do, awarding a total of $8.4 million to four projects across the country that will each try to tap into some of those old wells to extract geothermal energy rather than gas or oil. If they work, they could be the key to not only reducing the country’s use of planet-damaging fossil fuels, but also helping answer the question of how to transition many of the <a href="https://www.bls.gov/iag/tgs/iag211.htm">more than 125,000 people</a> who work in oil and gas extraction across the country into clean-energy jobs.</p>
<p>“The idea here is basically that you produce oil and gas resources for a couple of decades, and at the end of the production of oil and gas, you don’t completely retire the assets — you turn them toward heat production,” said <a href="https://www.ou.edu/mcee/mpge/people/salehi">Saeed Salehi</a>, associate professor of petroleum engineering at the University of Oklahoma and the leader of one of the four groups receiving funding from the DOE. Oil and gas wells have a limited lifespan of a few decades, Salehi explained, after which they become depleted. Geothermal energy, if managed correctly, doesn’t have that problem. “The beauty is that this is a constant source of energy which is not going to change. It’s probably going to be [there] forever, as long as your well is functioning,” Salehi told Recode.</p>
<p>Salehi and his team at the University of Oklahoma want to use four wells owned by Blue Cedar Energy, a local company, for a concept called “direct use” — using hot water to heat nearby buildings. The water can either be extracted from existing underground reservoirs or, as the University of Oklahoma team is doing, pumped into the ground and brought back to the surface. Salehi and his team expect the water they pump into the wells to heat up to temperatures around 150 degrees Fahrenheit, after which it can be used to provide heating and cooling for an elementary and middle school located about a mile away from the wells, in the town of Tuttle.</p>
<p>“There’s a huge opportunity to use these wells for heating and cooling our communities,” said Lauren Boyd, program manager of the Enhanced Geothermal Systems program in the DOE’s Geothermal Technologies Office, which oversees the Wells of Opportunity grants. <a href="https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/use-of-energy/homes.php">More than half</a> of the energy used by American households — only 7 percent of which came from renewable sources as of 2020 — goes toward heating and cooling. Using the millions of abandoned wells scattered around the country to switch the source of that heating and cooling to geothermal energy, then, could lead to a <a href="https://www.c2es.org/content/home-energy-use/#:~:text=On%20space%20heating%20alone%2C%20Americans,tons%20of%20carbon%20dioxide%20annually.">decrease</a> in greenhouse gas emissions.</p>
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<aside><q>“There’s a huge opportunity to use these wells for heating and cooling our communities” —Lauren Boyd</q></aside>
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<p>Salehi and his team are focused on heating and cooling because converting energy from one form to another often leads to some energy getting lost in the process. Depending on the temperature of the water underground, “only probably about 10 percent of the energy you take out of the ground is going to come back as electricity,” said <a href="https://www.cheme.cornell.edu/faculty-directory/jefferson-w-tester">Jefferson Tester</a>, a professor of sustainable energy systems at Cornell University. “But if you do it with heat, you can get 90 plus percent, easily.”</p>
<p>That heat wouldn’t only be useful in the winter, either: in the summer, water from a geothermal well could be used to drive a machine called an <a href="https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/absorption-heat-pumps">absorption heat pump</a> to cool buildings, essentially extracting the heat from the building and putting it into the water. That water can then be pumped into underground reservoirs, which will store the extracted heat for the coming winter.</p>
<p>To be considered successful, the University of Oklahoma project has to produce at least one megawatt of energy in one year — a paltry sum in the grand scheme of energy, about a 10th of an <a href="https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/use-of-energy/electricity-use-in-homes.php">average American home’s annual energy consumption</a>. Salehi is confident they will easily surpass that goal. “Our intention is for these four wells to be used for at least the elementary and middle school,” Salehi said, “but based on the simulations and computational work we have done, it’ll be good enough for three schools.”</p>
<h3>Can geothermal go the distance?</h3>
<p>Some European countries already rely on direct use of geothermal energy on a large scale; Iceland, which is <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/3/20/22341888/iceland-dormant-volcano-erupted-fagradalsfjall-reykjavik">famously volcanically active</a> (remember Eyjafjallajökull, which shut down European air travel for a few days in 2010?), uses its vast reserves of geothermal energy to heat <a href="https://nea.is/geothermal/direct-utilization/nr/91">90 percent</a> of its homes. But there are some drawbacks to direct use. Heat is quickly lost in transit unless pipes are well-insulated, explained Patrick Fulton, assistant professor of earth and atmospheric sciences at Cornell, so geothermal wells being tapped for direct use have to be near the buildings they’re going to service — usually within a few miles.</p>
<p>That distance limitation is why the three other projects receiving funding from this year’s DOE award are focusing on turning geothermal energy into electricity, which can travel much farther than heat. While wells located close to towns and cities may be better used for supplying heat through direct use, wells in remote areas might be better suited for generating electricity.</p>
<p>Take Transitional Energy, a Colorado-based company that received funding from the DOE to set up an electricity generation facility at the Blackburn oil field in Nevada. Unlike the other projects, Transitional will set up its operations on an oil field that’s still in operation — albeit at wells that have been in use for decades and produce very little oil. Most of what they produce, explained Johanna Ostrum, chief operating officer of transitional energy, is extremely hot wastewater, which is a natural byproduct of all oil and gas operations. “They’re just cycling a bunch of water through the system, trying to strip out negligible amounts of oil,” Ostrum told Recode.</p>
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<figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">The Reykjanes geothermal power station in Iceland penetrates into one of deepest and hottest pits in the world, allowing the country to be nearly independent from fossil fuels.</span></figcaption>
<span class="e-image__meta"><cite>Halldor Kolbeins/AFP via Getty Images</cite></span></figure>
<figure class="e-image"><span class="e-image__inner"><span class="e-image__image" data-original="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389928/GettyImages_1231148258_copy.jpg"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1650358815_6470_238481" data-cdata='{"asset_id":23389928,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/lxyZwfmN6rzf3Cu8xfUROxh5Diw=/0x0:3000x2000/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389928/GettyImages_1231148258_copy.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/1Oeo4zCmf-Z4e7U5h1zXEWVYZug=/0x0:3000x2000/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389928/GettyImages_1231148258_copy.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/o-R9Fe4JEBl1b5iBEYkdZgc6lks=/0x0:3000x2000/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389928/GettyImages_1231148258_copy.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/WGgFEYUfBWKqjC15xzV4tuQwlMA=/0x0:3000x2000/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389928/GettyImages_1231148258_copy.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/yS-Rbq0XV8Zz4joEIcClI0g26lc=/0x0:3000x2000/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389928/GettyImages_1231148258_copy.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/U2cJuauqE0WdTH-I-IVqu3ZN1rg=/0x0:3000x2000/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389928/GettyImages_1231148258_copy.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/rMXFz274iIgGB-iKJeNcBk8TtAw=/0x0:3000x2000/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389928/GettyImages_1231148258_copy.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/QAzgHSE7pbw01yjYnATrE2Tx5mE=/0x0:3000x2000/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389928/GettyImages_1231148258_copy.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/6ifdVqi76eNnTtczRDp4PE49C1M=/0x0:3000x2000/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389928/GettyImages_1231148258_copy.jpg 1920w" sizes="90vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="Geothermal power plants emitting steam." data-upload-width="3000" sizes="90vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/NmnrUdJNtu8aecbPqIyr_tF0b_Q=/0x0:3000x2000/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389928/GettyImages_1231148258_copy.jpg" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Br9r5XkCZHrDajGLEZ_E_G-my8o=/0x0:3000x2000/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389928/GettyImages_1231148258_copy.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ci7_gqzNmf2YP8yV4MDn1UsZ_as=/0x0:3000x2000/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389928/GettyImages_1231148258_copy.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/naZU8vZiwOkHi9nwubW8jQmtpjU=/0x0:3000x2000/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389928/GettyImages_1231148258_copy.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/nUnuScDCv_lesJJg__zu9-zjg24=/0x0:3000x2000/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389928/GettyImages_1231148258_copy.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/5YQIXWgPwJk72WqXZzLElkmFBSI=/0x0:3000x2000/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389928/GettyImages_1231148258_copy.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/62nbgABG4V2zyi_nrKx-ruYauk4=/0x0:3000x2000/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389928/GettyImages_1231148258_copy.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ySnD149QUAaVG6U-YQjcMN2G-KM=/0x0:3000x2000/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389928/GettyImages_1231148258_copy.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/rTBNPbbQ_64vqndIy5lKsisYDKE=/0x0:3000x2000/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389928/GettyImages_1231148258_copy.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/tu3xGPDa0dSYODpdqkhk-JNfW0w=/0x0:3000x2000/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389928/GettyImages_1231148258_copy.jpg 1920w" /></picture></span></span>
<figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">The Imperial Valley Geothermal Project is a complex of 11 geothermal power stations located near the Salton Sea in Calipatria, California.</span></figcaption>
<span class="e-image__meta"><cite>David McNew/Getty Images</cite></span></figure>
</div>
<p>Once they’ve separated out the oil and gas, well operators spend <a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/24102021/california-oil-wastewater-produced-water-drought-groundwater-contamination/">considerable sums</a> cooling and <a href="https://www.vox.com/22891806/texas-earthquakes-oil-gas-drilling-wastewater-reinjection">disposing</a> of all that wastewater — and there’s often 10 times more of that water than extracted oil, Ostrum explained. Instead of letting that water — and its heat — go to waste, Transitional Energy plans to install machines called Organic Rankine Cycle Engines at the oil field that will turn that heat into electricity.</p>
<p>Organic Rankine Cycle Engines, which are about the size of walk-in refrigerators, work by passing hot water through a heat exchanger to heat a refrigerant, which then spins a turbine that creates electricity. The water cools down as it transfers its heat to the refrigerant, continuing onward down the path it would usually take out of the generator and into a disposal well; the refrigerant cools as it passes out of the turbine and past an air chiller, so it can be reused as the water keeps passing through the engine. At the Blackburn oilfield, where Transitional Energy is carrying out its test, that water will enter the same reservoir it came from — essentially creating a continuous loop of geothermal energy. “You take the same molecule of water and it just keeps going around and around, using the Earth as a radiator,” Ostrum said.</p>
<p>Like the University of Oklahoma project, Transitional Energy has a goal of generating at least one megawatt in a year — a goal Ostrum expects to hit by using the water from three to five wells. To begin with, the electricity generated will be used to provide power to an electric vehicle charger and operations at the oil field, which usually relies on local utilities or diesel generators to power machinery. It’s an alluring prospect for the operators of the oil and gas fields, Ostrum said; they see it as a way to take advantage of a heat resource that otherwise goes to waste.</p>
<p>In the short term, operating costs for the oil producers could go down, since they won’t have to depend on a utility to power their operations, and switching to geothermal energy would reduce the emissions involved in simply pumping oil and gas out of the ground. In time, Ostrum said, the goal would be for Transitional Energy to simply take over wells that no longer produce enough oil and gas to be economically viable and convert them entirely to geothermal operations.</p>
<h3>A geothermal future</h3>
<p>Ostrum is especially excited by the broader implications of her project. For one, Transitional Energy plans to connect electric vehicle (EV) chargers to their Rankine Cycle Engines. If scaled up, that could help expand rural EV charging, which is currently very limited — according to the Environmental and Energy Study Institute, the majority of rural areas and small towns have <a href="https://www.eesi.org/articles/view/beyond-cities-breaking-through-barriers-to-rural-electric-vehicle-adoption">no EV chargers at all</a>. More importantly, however, Ostrum thinks geothermal energy could create a new career path for oil and gas workers as the world transitions away from fossil fuels to clean energy.</p>
<p>“A lot of folks that I know work in oil and gas, and when we look at a decarbonized future, there’s not going to be jobs for those folks,” said Ostrum, who spent 15 years working in the oil and gas industry herself before losing her job during the pandemic. “I think geothermal is a really great place for them to land. Oil and gas workers know how to safely, efficiently, and economically produce fluid. They happen to be focused on the oil and gas part; I’m focused on the water part.”</p>
<p>Brett Dawkins, co-founder of Blue Cedar Energy, which owns the leases for the wells that will be used in the University of Oklahoma’s project in Tuttle, agrees. “All of the expertise that you would have as a petroleum engineer or a geologist will transfer over into the geothermal world,” Dawkins said.</p>
<p>Dawkins isn’t sure quite how much manpower would be needed to transition Blue Cedar Energy’s abandoned oil wells to geothermal energy. Ostrum, on the other hand, is confident workers at oil and gas wells would find new jobs extracting geothermal energy. “To keep the wells pumping or operating, we will need the same manpower that is used every day to run oil wells,” Ostrum wrote in an email. “The same amount of labor is needed to run an oil and gas well as to run a geothermal well.”</p>
<p>The possibility of generating a significant amount of energy from these abandoned wells is exciting. It’s still very much a nascent idea, though, so exploring its potential will take time. First, the projects need to prove their viability; the next year or so will be spent on planning and assessing the feasibility of turning oil wells into geothermal resources, after which energy generation will slowly ramp up. The biggest question is just how scalable these ideas are: One megawatt is, after all, a pittance compared to the country’s energy needs.</p>
<p>There are legislative hurdles to get around, as well. “One of the barriers I’ve been working on is the permitting,” said the DOE’s Boyd, who’s working with the National Renewable Energy Lab on a framework for transitioning an oil and gas lease to a geothermal lease. “Right now, it’s not straightforward,” Boyd told Recode. “There are some states that don’t even have geothermal regulations.”</p>
<figure class="e-image"><span class="e-image__inner"><span class="e-image__image" data-original="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389946/GettyImages_512020640.jpg"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1650358815_4884_238482" data-cdata='{"asset_id":23389946,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/KqZv7ogTjqv6JkDAxsKvdJqP2bs=/0x0:3000x2000/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389946/GettyImages_512020640.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/v5vkCzErSE-tPf_ncbH_8F1kjes=/0x0:3000x2000/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389946/GettyImages_512020640.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Id3bkIW912LD-B_kZSxc36ukkas=/0x0:3000x2000/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389946/GettyImages_512020640.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/6fhun023erN3zhGAmtb21Fv7W80=/0x0:3000x2000/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389946/GettyImages_512020640.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/fGCWSujUTBzvITDzrZgDk0iIgCs=/0x0:3000x2000/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389946/GettyImages_512020640.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/S62tEERYWiuBspzPMQVF7x1X4Lk=/0x0:3000x2000/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389946/GettyImages_512020640.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/MD-wt1dIAOCI_69ARScB_xlM-Uk=/0x0:3000x2000/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389946/GettyImages_512020640.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Kr_nFe-5ThKkxFYW08QWqvtltYg=/0x0:3000x2000/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389946/GettyImages_512020640.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/JEI-CXYyfxWTvaIHtW1pTOnUw9s=/0x0:3000x2000/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389946/GettyImages_512020640.jpg 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="An older man stands looking at weed-covered oil field equipment. An oil pump is in the background." data-upload-width="3000" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/7sAwLeubDyaYKIyFBjp88AbG2l0=/0x0:3000x2000/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389946/GettyImages_512020640.jpg" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/B8UveH5Xh5XzoJ0wnuS1glADeyc=/0x0:3000x2000/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389946/GettyImages_512020640.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/yAvbNWJybUm9b4LPZuVPhhFMkHE=/0x0:3000x2000/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389946/GettyImages_512020640.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/5qUDD5CiiiOxWUCn7zo4tkijyio=/0x0:3000x2000/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389946/GettyImages_512020640.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/6ksngL2KuB24h00gN8OlNHZJZIA=/0x0:3000x2000/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389946/GettyImages_512020640.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Hc1pMiA31IgRfnv6RrBD9SpxjCI=/0x0:3000x2000/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389946/GettyImages_512020640.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/KRYBpvSjisZWLa4dZdJqGNZct-w=/0x0:3000x2000/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389946/GettyImages_512020640.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/q1LkjbPZZRZF3C47_fjGi9pSmjQ=/0x0:3000x2000/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389946/GettyImages_512020640.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/v61FRGRqfKMJJJylzjVBs6yn0K4=/0x0:3000x2000/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389946/GettyImages_512020640.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/8aVHhDyqL9ueAOaZ7TjjUadiLQI=/0x0:3000x2000/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23389946/GettyImages_512020640.jpg 1920w" /></picture></span></span>
<figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">Thousands of abandoned oil wells like these in Depew, Oklahoma, have leaked oil, natural gas, and brine into the soil.</span></figcaption>
<span class="e-image__meta"><cite>J Pat Carter/Getty Images</cite></span></figure>
<p>It’s also unclear how widely those concepts can be applied across the country. Not every abandoned oil and gas well is going to be viable for repurposing to geothermal energy, Boyd said. The infrastructure at some abandoned wells might be too degraded to use for geothermal energy without a significant investment in retrofits, for example, or the underground temperatures at some wells may not be high enough to use for geothermal energy. Then there’s the question of distance: Connecting remote wells to the grid could prove too cumbersome, or there might not be enough wells located close enough to communities to set up for direct use.</p>
<p>Even if everything else falls into place, the final stumbling block, at least for Salehi’s team, could come in the form of homes and businesses that simply aren’t set up to use geothermal energy for direct use. While the end-user experience for someone with a direct use connection is the same as that for someone with a traditional HVAC system — essentially, hot or cold air blowing through vents in rooms — turning geothermal heat into that hot or cold air requires installing heat pumps or heat exchangers, the cost of which could prove prohibitive.</p>
<p>Still, even with all the caveats, the ReAmplify projects hold a lot of promise for cleaner energy and a more equitable clean-energy transition; the point of the pilot, after all, is to be a proving ground. But if they work, said Cornell’s Tester, it’s important not to think of geothermal energy as a magic bullet. “It’s not just a one-size, geothermal can do it all [solution],” Tester told Recode. “I don’t think we should be saying that as a profession, and neither should solar or wind.”</p>
<p>Instead, Tester said, Americans need to start thinking about our energy needs as interconnected systems with multiple parts to the solution. Instead of relying on one power source for everything, we should use solar and wind energy to power our appliances and electric vehicles, for example, while relying on geothermal energy to heat and cool many of our homes.</p>
<p>That’s going to require a shift in how we think about our energy sources, Tester said. In most of the country, the oil and gas extracted from a well can go toward heating and cooling homes, running appliances, and powering our cars; for a decarbonized future, that will have to change. “I don’t think we’ve gotten into a state yet of thinking of these things as systems,” Tester said. “I think that’s what we have to weave into the American mindset. It’s going to be a game, I think, for everybody to get all the renewables working together.”</p>
<br />
<br />
source <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/23024204/geothermal-energy-heat-oil-gas-wells">https://www.vox.com/recode/23024204/geothermal-energy-heat-oil-gas-wells</a>

vox Clean energy is buried at the bottom of abandoned oil wells

This story is part of Recode by Vox’s Tech Support series, which explores solutions for our warming world. In case you missed it, our pla...

Epic: Airplane Passengers Cheer After Pilot Announces End to Mask Mandate

<div><img class="ff-og-image-inserted" src="https://api-assets.infowars.com/2022/04/maskflight.jpg" /></div>
<p><strong>Passengers aboard airliners celebrated Monday after the TSA said it would no longer enforce federal mask mandates aboard flights and at airports following a <a href="https://www.infowars.com/posts/breaking-federal-judge-strikes-down-bidens-public-transportation-mask-mandate/">Florida district court judge’s ruling</a>.</strong></p>
<p>Footage going viral on social media shows passengers aboard a Delta Airline flight celebrating after the pilot stepped into the cabin to personally make the announcement.</p>
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet" readability="5.5340314136126">
<p lang="en" dir="ltr" xml:lang="en">Mid flight a pilot announces the removal of the mask mandate.</p>
<p>Travellers respond by removing their masks and clapping.<br />
<a href="https://t.co/MJ0o4l9zGZ">pic.twitter.com/MJ0o4l9zGZ</a></p>
— Marie Oakes (@TheMarieOakes) <a href="https://twitter.com/TheMarieOakes/status/1516213404721106945?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">April 19, 2022</a></blockquote>
<p>William LeGate, who filmed and posted the video to Twitter, said flight attendants gave free drinks to customers in celebration of the masks coming off.</p>
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-conversation="none" readability="6.2391304347826">
<p lang="en" dir="ltr" xml:lang="en">Flight attendants on my <a href="https://twitter.com/Delta?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@Delta</a> flight are giving everyone free alcohol, “in celebration of the masks coming off”</p>
— LeGate (founder @ GoodPillow™) (@williamlegate) <a href="https://twitter.com/williamlegate/status/1516222483724177426?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">April 19, 2022</a></blockquote>
<p>A person on another Delta flight filmed their flight attendant giving passengers the happy news, with customers giving a similar reaction.</p>
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet" readability="5.8082191780822">
<p lang="en" dir="ltr" xml:lang="en">On Delta, announcing the end of their mask mandate.</p>
<p>Can you hear the people sing? <a href="https://t.co/alIO79BvXE">pic.twitter.com/alIO79BvXE</a></p>
— Aaron Ginn (@aginnt) <a href="https://twitter.com/aginnt/status/1516203076562010113?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">April 18, 2022</a></blockquote>
<p>Alaska Air passengers also cheered after their pilot announced masks were now optional.</p>
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet" readability="7.5294117647059">
<p lang="en" dir="ltr" xml:lang="en">“Ladies and gentlemen, this is your pilot speaking. This is the most important announcement I’ve ever made. The federal mask mandate is over. Take off your mask if you choose!”</p>
<p>A wonderful moment mid flight on <a href="https://twitter.com/AlaskaAir?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@alaskaair</a> today! <a href="https://t.co/nWSatDRB83">pic.twitter.com/nWSatDRB83</a></p>
— Ben Dietderich (@ben_dietd) <a href="https://twitter.com/ben_dietd/status/1516191733645975554?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">April 18, 2022</a></blockquote>
<p>An Allegiant Airline flight attendant was also filmed telling customers masks were no longer mandated.</p>
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet" readability="3.5401459854015">
<p lang="en" dir="ltr" xml:lang="en">Flights tonight have to make the mask announcement! Woo hoo! <a href="https://t.co/OovmsrhXoF">pic.twitter.com/OovmsrhXoF</a></p>
— Laura Ingraham (@IngrahamAngle) <a href="https://twitter.com/IngrahamAngle/status/1516210485615636481?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">April 19, 2022</a></blockquote>
<p>A Southwest Airlines gate attendee at an airport was also glad to tell everyone they could take off their masks.</p>
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet" readability="6.7602339181287">
<p lang="en" dir="ltr" xml:lang="en">This <a href="https://twitter.com/SouthwestAir?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@SouthwestAir</a> gate agent was so excited to tell everyone that SW officially dropped the mask mandate. But because DC is a leftist cesspool, the crowd—aside from me and like two other people—did not meet his excitement level. Oh well SO HAPPY TO FLY MASKLESS. <a href="https://t.co/1zxj88cVYx">pic.twitter.com/1zxj88cVYx</a></p>
— Alyssa Cordova (@lysscordova) <a href="https://twitter.com/lysscordova/status/1516211681206099977?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">April 19, 2022</a></blockquote>
<p>By Monday evening United, Alaska, American, Delta and Southwest Airlines had all made masks optional; CEOs for all five airlines had penned a joint letter last month <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.infowars.com/posts/it-makes-no-sense-american-united-delta-southwest-airline-ceos-demand-biden-drops-mask-mandate/" target="_blank">requesting an end to the mandates</a> based on high vaccinations rates and low infection, death and hospitalization rates.</p>
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet" readability="3.5815602836879">
<p lang="en" dir="ltr" xml:lang="en">They just announced on my flight the mask mandate for flights is over! <a href="https://t.co/iRnkFly2w9">pic.twitter.com/iRnkFly2w9</a></p>
— Rennie Cook (@renniecook) <a href="https://twitter.com/renniecook/status/1516195258438148106?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">April 18, 2022</a></blockquote>
<p><em>More on this as it develops…</em></p>
<hr class="wp-block-separator" />
<p><em><a href="https://banned.video/watch?id=625db62aaa46080fe361a9ff" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Judge Overturns Biden Mask Mandate: Napolitano Responds</a></em></p>
<br />
<br />
source <a href="https://www.infowars.com/posts/epic-airplane-passengers-cheer-after-pilot-announces-end-to-mask-mandate">https://www.infowars.com/posts/epic-airplane-passengers-cheer-after-pilot-announces-end-to-mask-mandate</a>

news Epic: Airplane Passengers Cheer After Pilot Announces End to Mask Mandate

Passengers aboard airliners celebrated Monday after the TSA said it would no longer enforce federal mask mandates aboard flights and at air...

EXCLUSIVE: Alex Jones’ Statement on Bankruptcy Filing

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source <a href="https://www.infowars.com/posts/exclusive-alex-jones-statement-on-bankruptcy-filing">https://www.infowars.com/posts/exclusive-alex-jones-statement-on-bankruptcy-filing</a>

news EXCLUSIVE: Alex Jones’ Statement on Bankruptcy Filing

Explore Home News Podcasts Breaking News Social Watch Live Infowars Network The Alex Jones Show The War Room with...

‘People Don’t Play in the Gutter!’ Brian Stelter Panics Over Prospect of Musk Bringing Free Speech Back to Twitter

<p><strong>CNN’s Brian Stelter claimed allowing free speech to thrive on Twitter would deter investors because no one wants to “play in the gutter.”</strong></p>
<p>Dreading Elon Musk’s potential purchase of Twitter and the sale’s implications on free speech, Stelter agreed with his guest, <em>New York Times</em> reporter Lauren Hirsch, that content moderation is attractive to investors.</p>
<p>Bosses at Twitter “would argue … improvements to moderation helped user engagement helped revenue. So, from just a pure financial perspective, moderation has been good for business,” Hirsch said.</p>
<p>The <em>Reliable Sources Daily</em> host chimed in that Twitter had worked hard to clean up the site through censorship efforts and added “people don’t play in the gutter! Most people don’t want to send their kids to play in the gutter!”</p>
<p>The cable news host went on to claim allowing free speech would make Twitter “chaotic,” which would discourage investors.</p>
<p>“And I think if you’re a random user that gets suspended for no good reason, you feel that and that’s a big deal and that’s a big problem. But the argument to make Twitter more chaotic would seem to be a losing argument from an investor point of view.”</p>
<p>Elsewhere during the show, Stelter reportedly praised “the Twitter board adopting a so-called ‘poison pill’ provision trying to drive Musk back from his hostile takeover bid,” according to <a href="https://www.newsbusters.org/blogs/nb/nicholas-fondacaro/2022/04/18/stelter-allowing-free-speech-twitter-will-be-playing-gutter" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><em>Newsbusters.org</em></a>.</p>
<p>He also likened the Tesla CEO to Trump over a tweet in which he claimed his bid to buy Twitter “would only be rejected if the system is rigged,” claiming the “trolling” was “very Trumpian.”</p>
<div class="2yTUKFKj"><a href="https://www.infowarsstore.com/brain-force-ultra?ims=ekyab&utm_campaign=BFU40hero&utm_source=Infowars+Hero&utm_medium=banner&utm_content=BFU40hero" target="_blank"><img src="https://api.directus.libertycdn.com/uploads/_/originals/BFU-hero-385.png" /></a></div>
<p>The CNN’s host utter disdain for free speech and the First Amendment couldn’t be more apparent.</p>
<hr class="wp-block-separator" />
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<p><em><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://banned.video/watch?id=625918bc3feff40363a25f05" target="_blank">CNN The Most Treasonous Name In News</a></em></p>
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source <a href="https://www.infowars.com/posts/people-dont-play-in-the-gutter-brian-stelter-panics-over-prospect-of-musk-bringing-free-speech-back-to-twitter">https://www.infowars.com/posts/people-dont-play-in-the-gutter-brian-stelter-panics-over-prospect-of-musk-bringing-free-speech-back-to-twitter</a>

news ‘People Don’t Play in the Gutter!’ Brian Stelter Panics Over Prospect of Musk Bringing Free Speech Back to Twitter

CNN’s Brian Stelter claimed allowing free speech to thrive on Twitter would deter investors because no one wants to “play in the gutter.” D...

Psaki Calls Judge’s Ruling To Overturn Nationwide Mask Mandate ‘Disappointing Decision’

<div><img class="ff-og-image-inserted" src="https://api-assets.infowars.com/2022/04/psaki2947627890-.jpg" /></div>
<p><strong>Joe Biden’s press secretary Jen Psaki called the Florida judge’s ruling striking down the mask mandate for public transportation on Monday a “disappointing decision.”</strong></p>
<p>Yes, really.</p>
<p>Psaki made the remarks during a White House press briefing shortly after a Florida federal judge <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.infowars.com/posts/breaking-federal-judge-strikes-down-bidens-public-transportation-mask-mandate/" target="_blank">struck down Biden’s nationwide mask mandate</a> for airports, airplanes and other public transportation.</p>
<p>“This is obviously a disappointing decision. The CDC continues recommending wearing a mask in public transit,” Psaki said, citing the CDC’s decision to extend its mandate into May 3 prior to the judge’s ruling.</p>
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet" readability="8">
<p lang="en" dir="ltr" xml:lang="en">Press Sec. says it’s ‘obviously disappointing’ a Florida federal judge voided US mask mandate for planes & says the Dept of Homeland Security is reviewing the decision</p>
<p>“This is obviously a disappointing decision. The CDC continues recommending wearing a mask in public transit. ” <a href="https://t.co/64MMprcHRo">pic.twitter.com/64MMprcHRo</a></p>
— Breaking911 (@Breaking911) <a href="https://twitter.com/Breaking911/status/1516158212482940952?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">April 18, 2022</a></blockquote>
<p>“So, we would say to anyone sitting out there – we recommend you wear masks on the airplane and…as soon as we can provide an update from here, hopefully soon, we’ll provide that to all of you,” she added.</p>
<p>Fox News reporter Peter Doocy then asked: “Why is it that we can sit here in the White House briefing room with no masks but people can’t sit in an airplane cabin with no masks?”</p>
<p>Psaki replied dismissively: “I’m not a doctor.”</p>
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet" readability="4.7739130434783">
<p lang="en" dir="ltr" xml:lang="en">Here’s Jenn Psaki attempting to defend the airplane mask mandate to <a href="https://twitter.com/pdoocy?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@pdoocy</a>. Spoiler: it doesn’t go well because the airplane mask mandate is indefensible: <a href="https://t.co/H7kq49TWPK">pic.twitter.com/H7kq49TWPK</a></p>
— Clay Travis (@ClayTravis) <a href="https://twitter.com/ClayTravis/status/1516162184975421443?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">April 18, 2022</a></blockquote>
<p>Yikes.</p>
<p>The Association of Flight Attendants, which represents nearly 50,000 flight attendants at 17 airlines, said in a <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.yahoo.com/news/florida-judge-voids-us-mask-195504423.html" target="_blank">statement</a> that it’s unclear what the judge’s decision means for travelers over the next “24-48 hours” and urged “calm and consistency” in airports and on planes.</p>
<p>“In aviation operations, it is impossible to simply flip a switch from one minute to the next. It takes a minimum of 24-48 hours to implement new procedures and communicate this throughout the entire network,” AFA President Sara Nelson said.</p>
<p>“Policies and procedures must be updated and thoroughly communicated to hundreds of thousands of employees, along with millions of travelers. Announcements and signage, electronic and physical must be updated.”</p>
<p>Airline CEOs in March <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.infowars.com/posts/it-makes-no-sense-american-united-delta-southwest-airline-ceos-demand-biden-drops-mask-mandate/" target="_blank">urged the Biden administration to lift the public transportation mask mandate</a>, saying “it makes no sense” at this point given the low COVID deaths and decreasing cases.</p>
<p>“Now is the time for the Administration to sunset federal transportation travel restrictions – including the international pre-departure testing requirement and the federal mask mandate – that are no longer aligned with the realities of the current epidemiological environment,” the corporate execs wrote in the letter.</p>
<p>As of this writing, Alaska Airlines has <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://news.alaskaair.com/guest-experience/face-masks-optional-on-planes-in-airports-april-2022-guidance/" target="_blank">announced</a> they will no longer require masks on its flights.</p>
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet" readability="5.0076923076923">
<p lang="en" dir="ltr" xml:lang="en">*ALASKA AIRLINES SAYS MASKS OPTIONAL ON ITS FLIGHTS</p>
<p>next: everyone <a href="https://t.co/5cwY4dKV9l">https://t.co/5cwY4dKV9l</a></p>
— zerohedge (@zerohedge) <a href="https://twitter.com/zerohedge/status/1516186218719059969?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">April 18, 2022</a></blockquote>
<p>The public realities on the ground don’t appear to matter to the Biden administration.</p>
<p>What matters is the ability to control the COVID narrative, which will be all but collapsed when citizens can again begin traveling mask-free.</p>
<hr class="wp-block-separator" />
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<p><em><a href="https://battleplan.news/watch?id=625db62aaa46080fe361a9ff" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Judge Overturns Biden Mask Mandate: Napolitano Responds</a></em></p>
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source <a href="https://www.infowars.com/posts/psaki-calls-judges-ruling-to-overturn-nationwide-mask-mandate-disappointing-decision">https://www.infowars.com/posts/psaki-calls-judges-ruling-to-overturn-nationwide-mask-mandate-disappointing-decision</a>

news Psaki Calls Judge’s Ruling To Overturn Nationwide Mask Mandate ‘Disappointing Decision’

Joe Biden’s press secretary Jen Psaki called the Florida judge’s ruling striking down the mask mandate for public transportation on Monday ...

Graphic: Ukraine War Weekend Update

<p><strong>Independent journalist Patrick Lancaster continues providing exclusive coverage of the Ukraine-Russia conflict.</strong></p>
<p>Embedded with the DPR & Russian military, Lancaster has been documenting firsthand accounts from citizens and footage exposing the disturbing realities of war.</p>
<p>This set of videos is the first time Lancaster has reported from Eastern Mariupol.</p>
<p>Friday, the American military veteran-turned reporter talked with a woman in Mariupol who described citizens being killed by shelling as bodies lay in the background.</p>
<p>The woman, like hundreds of others interviewed over the past few months, told Lancaster she is sure it is Ukrainian Azov troops who shoot at the civilians, saying, “I don’t know why the troops who are called upon to protect us are shelling us.”</p>
<p>Some of the deceased individuals filmed had white bands tied around their necks or wrists, signaling they were killed by Ukrainian troops for being loyal to Russia or trying to surrender.</p>
<figure class="wp-block-embed-youtube wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio">
<p>[embedded content]</p>
</figure>
<p>Lancaster uploaded several reports on Saturday, the first being a compilation of civilian testimonies describing Ukraine military members firing on citizens.</p>
<p>People at a bomb shelter told him, “If it was Russia, I would tell you, but it was Ukraine” firing on the locals.</p>
<div class="WLhXLUTd"><a href="https://www.infowarsstore.com/brain-force-ultra?ims=ekyab&utm_campaign=BFU40hero&utm_source=Infowars+Hero&utm_medium=banner&utm_content=BFU40hero" target="_blank"><img src="https://api.directus.libertycdn.com/uploads/_/originals/BFU-hero-385.png" /></a></div>
<p>One person lost their mother and wife because of the allegedly Ukrainian mortars.</p>
<p>A young woman who had a piece of shrapnel plunged into her leg said that not only did the Ukrainian Army destroy the houses in her area, but that the Russian Army was the group who helped them with food and removed them from the danger zone.</p>
<figure class="wp-block-embed-youtube wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio">
<p>[embedded content]</p>
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<p>As Lancaster talked with the people in the bomb shelter, Russian troops arrived to help evacuate those who wished to move to a safer location.</p>
<p>Children were given priority while evacuating the citizens.</p>
<figure class="wp-block-embed-youtube wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio">
<p>[embedded content]</p>
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<p>On Sunday, Lancaster filmed outside the Ilicha steel and iron plant in Mariupol where massive battles left buildings, streets and vehicles destroyed.</p>
<figure class="wp-block-embed-youtube wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio">
<p>[embedded content]</p>
</figure>
<p>An amazing video uploaded Monday shows the US military veteran reporting from a live battle scene in a DPR-Russia-controlled area of Mariupol.</p>
<p>While filming, a group of citizens informed Lancaster and a soldier he was traveling with that an elderly woman was trapped in a building hit by a Ukrainian mortar.</p>
<p>The woman suffered a broken spine according to one soldier, so they could not pick her up to take her to safety.</p>
<figure class="wp-block-embed-youtube wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio">
<p>[embedded content]</p>
</figure>
<p>The latest update from Lancaster came Monday when he posted footage of the “Road of Death” in Ilicha, Mariupol.</p>
<p>The scenes filmed are similar to those in the Bucha massacre mainstream media across the globe used to claim the Russians are engaging in war crimes.</p>
<p>A man wandering the streets, walking past dozens of his dead peers, vented his frustration at Ukrainian President Zelensky, and the “terrorist” Azov members of the Ukraine military who are committing “genocide.”</p>
<figure class="wp-block-embed-youtube wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio">
<p>[embedded content]</p>
</figure>
<p>There are certainly two sides to the bloody conflict, but the vast majority of media outlets are ignoring the massive amount of evidence showing Ukrainian war crimes.</p>
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source <a href="https://www.infowars.com/posts/graphic-ukraine-war-weekend-update">https://www.infowars.com/posts/graphic-ukraine-war-weekend-update</a>

news Graphic: Ukraine War Weekend Update

Independent journalist Patrick Lancaster continues providing exclusive coverage of the Ukraine-Russia conflict. Embedded with the DPR &...