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Evidence of Antibody Dependent Enhancement? – Majority of Covid deaths are the fully vaccinated and A&E attendance is breaking records

<p><strong>Are we beginning to see evidence of ‘Antibody Dependent Enhancement’ (ADE) due to the Covid-19 vaccines in the United Kingdom? The latest data on hospitalisations and deaths allegedly due to Covid-19 certainly suggests so.</strong></p>
<p>ADE can arise in several different ways but the best-known is dubbed the ‘Trojan Horse Pathway’. This occurs when non-neutralizing antibodies generated by past infection or vaccination fail to shut down the pathogen upon re-exposure.</p>
<p>Instead, they act as a gateway by allowing the virus to gain entry and replicate in cells that are usually off limits (typically immune cells, like macrophages). That, in turn, can lead to wider dissemination of illness, and over-reactive immune responses that cause more severe illness.</p>
<p>Barry Bloom, MD, PhD, of the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health explanation of ADE is as follows –</p>
<p>“The cause of ADE is having antibodies to a virus that don’t neutralize it. That enables the virus to be gobbled up by cells that have receptors for antibodies, but not the virus. That’s the way of getting virus into cells that it ordinarily would not infect,”.</p>
<p>ADE can also occur when neutralizing antibodies (which bind the virus and stop it from causing infection) are present at low enough levels that they don’t protect against infection. Instead, they can form <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3008185/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">immune complexes</a> with viral particles, which in turn leads to worse illness.</p>
<p>In 2016, a dengue virus vaccine was designed to protect against all four serotypes of the virus. The hope was that by inducing immune responses to all four serotypes at once, the vaccine could circumvent the issues related to ADE following disease with dengue virus. <a href="https://www.chop.edu/centers-programs/vaccine-education-center/vaccine-safety/antibody-dependent-enhancement-and-vaccines" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span>The vaccine was given to childre</span>n</a> in the Philippines. However, fourteen vaccinated children died after encountering dengue virus in the community as they had developed antibody responses that were not capable of neutralizing the natural virus circulating in the community.</p>
<p>In previous clinical trials of vaccine candidates to combat SARS and MERS, the studies each failed during the animal phase due to ADE also known as pathogenic priming or a cytokine storm.</p>
<p>Phase three clinical trials are designed to uncover frequent or severe side effects before a vaccine is approved for use, including ADE.</p>
<p>But here in lies the problem, none of the Covid-19 vaccines have completed phase three clinical trials.</p>
<p>The <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04368728" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Pfizer phase three trial</a> is not due to complete until April 6th 2023.</p>
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<p>Whilst the <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04516746" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">AstraZeneca phase three trial</a> is due to complete slightly earlier on February 14th 2023.</p>
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<p>This means that the current worldwide Covid vaccine roll-out can be described as the largest human experiment ever conducted in history. Anybody who takes this vaccine, which is only temporarily authorised for emergency use is essentially a lab rat taking part in a trial.</p>
<p>We are learning the effects of these new “vaccines” that allegedly combat Covid-19 in the real world, not a single person has any idea what the long term consequences may be. But we do know some of the short term consequences.</p>
<p>According to the MHRA Yellow Card reports <a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/06/19/how-can-the-uk-gov-make-these-mandatory-20th-update-on-adverse-reactions-to-the-covid-vaccines-shows-949287-adverse-reactions-1332-deaths/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span>as of the 9<sup>th</sup> June 2021 there have been 949,287 adverse reactions reported alongside 1,332 deaths</span></a>. However only 1% – 10% of adverse reactions are reported and the MHRA state that 1 in every 142 people are suffering an adverse reaction. But in reality the actual rate could be as high as anywhere between 1 in every 14 people or 2 in every 3 people.</p>
<p>The adverse reactions suffered are not just things like a sore arm, or a headache. They include things like blindness, seizure, paralysis, brain damage, and stroke, and now we may be seeing evidence of antibody dependant enhancement courtesy of the latest data published by Public Health England on variants of concern in England.</p>
<p>The published government document which can be viewed <a href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/994839/Variants_of_Concern_VOC_Technical_Briefing_16.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span>here</span></a> presents data within a table found on page 12 showing ‘Attendance to emergency care and deaths by vaccination status among Delta confirmed cases in England, 1<sup>st</sup> February 2021 to 14<sup>th</sup> June 2021’.</p>
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<p>As you can see in the table since the 1<sup>st</sup> February 2021 there have been 60,624 alleged positive cases of the Delta Covid variant, but only 58.5% of these cases occurred in people who had not had the Covid vaccine. 4,087 of them occurred in people who were fully vaccinated, and 9,461 occurred in people who’d had a single dose of a Covid vaccine at least 21 days prior to allegedly being infected with Covid-19.</p>
<p>But here’s where things get both interesting and concerning. Since the 1<sup>st</sup> February 2021 there have been 73 alleged Covid deaths within 28 days of a positive test result due to the Delta Covid variant. However only 46.5% of these deaths were people who had not been vaccinated. Whilst 36.6% of the deaths were people who had been fully vaccinated for at least two weeks. A further 13.7% of the deaths were people who’d had one dose of a Covid vaccine at least 21 days prior to infection.</p>
<p>In all 50.68% of the deaths occurred in people who had received at least one dose of the Covid-19 vaccine. A further two deaths occurred in which Public Health England had not ascertained whether the person had received a dose of the Covid vaccine.</p>
<p>There are multiple conclusions we can come to due to this data –</p>
<p>1 – These people did not die to Covid-19 but instead died due to other causes and were just labelled as Covid-19 because they happened to test positive 28 days prior to their death.</p>
<p>2 – The vaccines do not work.</p>
<p>3 – The vaccines are causing antibody dependant enhancement, as has been proven to happen in trials for SARS and MERS vaccine candidates.</p>
<p>But there is further evidence the vaccines are causing serious issues in the wider population.</p>
<p>A&E departments across the UK are <a href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/health/nhs-emergency-hospital-patients-safety-b1868711.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span>currently at breaking point with record numbers of patients</span></a> seeing numbers rise up by 50% compared with levels seen prior to the alleged pandemic.</p>
<p>At least 30 hospitals across England have seen record levels of patients during June, stretching from Exeter and Plymouth in the south to hospitals in Middlesbrough, Manchester and elsewhere in the north of England.</p>
<p>On Tuesday, the North Middlesex Hospital in north London declared an internal incident after 700 patients attended its A&E department – the highest level since January 2020, when 684 were recorded in a single day.</p>
<p>The University Hospitals of Leicester trust also recorded its busiest day ever on Tuesday, with 925 patients, as did the University Hospitals of North Midlands trust in Stoke, which saw 866 patients.</p>
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<p>At the University Hospitals Birmingham trust, which runs three A&E departments in the region, attendances have jumped from an average of around 900 per day in December 2019 to 1,350 this month. One clinician at the trust said patients were waiting at least nine hours to be seen on some occasions.</p>
<p>At Leeds General Infirmary, the average daily attendance was 350 before the pandemic but has now exceeded 400 patients a day. The trust has publicly warned patients on its Facebook page that they face long waits.</p>
<p>At the Royal Liverpool Hospital the A&E department was described as “at full stretch” with the situation labelled “unsustainable” by one consultant.</p>
<p>Other hospitals declaring record demand include the Royal Free in London, Addenbrooke’s Hospital in Cambridge, and the John Radcliffe Hospital in Oxford.</p>
<p>Pressure is also being felt by paramedics. In a leaked briefing to <a href="https://www.independent.co.uk/topic/west-midlands-ambulance-service">West Midlands Ambulance Service</a> staff, the trust said the problem of delays at hospital was now “the biggest risk to patient safety”.</p>
<p>“Seven of the top 10 busiest days the trust has experienced from a call perspective have come in June 2021! The situation is quite unprecedented and is being repeated across the country.”</p>
<p>For the first two weeks of the month, calls rose 30 per cent compared to the same month in 2019,</p>
<p>The briefing said – “The trust has not seen sustained pressure like it is currently experiencing in a very long time, if ever. Hospital delays are extensive and growing; members of the public are getting angry at delays in ambulances arriving and are taking it out on staff over the phone and in person.”</p>
<p>We must question why A&E departments across the country would be breaking records for attendance in June, when the highest month of attendance is usually January. Could it be something to do with the fact that as of the 20<sup>th</sup> June 2021, 35 million people in England have had at least one dose of an experimental vaccine and the consequences of their decisions are beginning to be realised?</p>
<p>Are we beginning to see evidence of Antibody Dependent Enhancement? It’s hard to tell due to the fact we are in the middle of Summer, a season which throughout history has kept respiratory viral infections at bay. We will find out once Winter arrives, and it is only a few short months away, but we’ve a feeling based on the evidence that it isn’t going to be pretty.</p>
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revolution Evidence of Antibody Dependent Enhancement? – Majority of Covid deaths are the fully vaccinated and A&E attendance is breaking records

Are we beginning to see evidence of ‘Antibody Dependent Enhancement’ (ADE) due to the Covid-19 vaccines in the United Kingdom? The latest da...

The Government and its Scientists don’t have a clue if the Covid Vaccines are actually working – Have they ever heard of Seasonality?

<p><strong>When the Covid-19 vaccines were given emergency use authorisation the authorities did not have a clue as to whether they would work. The limited trials carried out only measured whether or not a vaccinated person suffered serious disease if infected with Covid-19, but they were flawed as nobody was exposed to the virus during the study, they only measured what occurred when out in the general population.</strong></p>
<p>Of course they wouldn’t be able to expose them to the live virus because we’re <span><a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/05/18/hundreds-of-fois-reveal-that-health-science-institutions-around-the-world-have-no-record-of-covid-19-isolation-purification-anywhere-ever/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">still awaiting the evidence</a></span> it has been isolated, all we have to work with at the moment is a generated computer model of what the virus might look like.</p>
<p>The limited trials carried out did not measure whether a vaccinated person could still become infected with Covid-19, and they did not measure whether or not a vaccinated person could still spread the virus in line with the <a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/06/19/germ-theory-the-clues-in-the-title-its-just-a-theory-and-has-never-been-proven/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span>mainstream accepted germ theory.</span></a></p>
<p>This means that the millions upon millions of people who have “come forward to get the jab” as it is their “only route back to normal” according to the Health Secretary Matt Hancock, have been taking part in an experiment.</p>
<p>An experiment in which authorities have been judging whether the vaccines are actually working, and they have come to the conclusion that they are.</p>
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<p>Just look at the decline in alleged Covid-19 deaths in the graph above and we can see why the authorities are telling us the vaccines are working. Alleged Covid-19 deaths within 28 days of a positive test have dropped from nearly 1,000 per day at the peak to virtually zero.</p>
<p>We’re afraid we left one tiny, miniscule detail out though. The above graph is actually the data for 2020, prior to the existence of a miraculous vaccine.</p>
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<p>The above graph <span><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/details/deaths" target="_blank">shows the whole story</a></span>, and as you can see alleged Covid deaths per day as of the 1<sup>st</sup> May 2021 match alleged Covid deaths per day as of the 21<sup>st</sup> July 2020, the day face masks became law in England, except there was no miraculous vaccine to get that number down to close to zero last year.</p>
<p>Alleged Covid deaths peaked during what we’re told is the first wave on the 8<sup>th</sup> April 2020, this was 21 days after Matt Hancock and the Department of Health <span><a href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/911541/COVID-19_hospital_discharge_service_requirements_2.pdf" data-type="URL" data-id="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/911541/COVID-19_hospital_discharge_service_requirements_2.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">ordered hospitals to discharge patients into care homes</a></span> who they deemed the least deserving of hospital care in order to free up beds. You know the ones that were in hospital because they just needed a lie down, because that is why you go to hospital, you don’t go because you need urgent medical attention and care. It’s just a coincidence there were so many “Covid” deaths in care homes at the same time of course.</p>
<p>Alleged Covid deaths peaked during what we’re told is the second wave on the 19<sup>th</sup> January 2021, 42 days after the miraculous vaccine was rolled out. <a href="https://www.omnicalculator.com/health/vaccine-queue-uk" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span>First in the queue</span></a> to receive the jab were residents in a care home for older adults and their carers. Who made up the majority of Covid deaths at the peak of the second wave, 42 days after the vaccine roll-out began? The elderly in care homes.</p>
<p>Approximately <a href="https://www.omnicalculator.com/health/vaccine-queue-uk" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span>1.1 million people made up the first priority group</span></a> to receive the Covid-19 jab. By the <span><a href="https://www.england.nhs.uk/2020/12/nhs-staff-vaccinate-more-than-half-a-million-people-in-england/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">20<sup>th</sup> December 521,594</a></span> of these people had received the Covid-19 jab.  By the <a href="https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/details/vaccinations" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span>10<sup>th</sup> January 2021 2.2 million jabs</span></a> had been administered, meaning all care home residents had received a dose of the Covid jab by this date. Yet by the <a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/02/25/care-home-covid-deaths-have-increased-by-240-since-vaccinations-began/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span>29<sup>th</sup> January 2021 alleged Covid deaths in care home residents had increased by 240%</span></a> since the vaccine roll-out began on the 8<sup>th</sup> December 2021.</p>
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<p>On the 10<sup>th</sup> December 2021 there were 736 alleged deaths due to Covid-19 in the week ending 10<sup>th</sup> December 2021. But by the week ending 29<sup>th</sup> January 2021, 8 weeks after the jab roll-out began there were <span><a href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/datasets/carehomeresidentdeathsregisteredinenglandandwalesprovisional" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">2,505 alleged deaths due to Covid-19</a></span> in care home residents.</p>
<p>You have to ask how on earth this happened considering care home residents were kept under lock and key, isolated in their rooms and not allowed visitors, and they had all been given the miraculous vaccine. It certainly isn’t evidence the Covid-19 vaccines were working, is it?</p>
<p>There were 104 days between the alleged peak of Covid deaths in the first wave on the 8<sup>th</sup> April 2020 to the fall to close to zero alleged Covid deaths on the 21<sup>st</sup> July 2020.</p>
<p>In the alleged second wave there were 102 days between the alleged peak of Covid deaths on the 19<sup>th</sup> January 2021 to the fall to close to zero alleged Covid deaths on the 1<sup>st</sup> May 2021. A difference of 2 days. If the miraculous vaccines are to thank for this fall in the second wave then they have bought the country a mere two days compared to 2020 when there wasn’t a vaccine, wow.</p>
<p>But of course, the authorities are insistent the experimental vaccines, under emergency use authorisation in which the manufacturers are not liable for any injury resulting from the vaccine, are to thank for the decline in alleged Covid deaths in 2021 that just happened to coincidentally drop at near enough the exact same rate as seen in 2020.</p>
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<p>We wonder if these same authorities have ever heard of <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32196426/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span>seasonality</span></a>? The seasonal cycle of respiratory viral diseases has been widely recognised for thousands of years, as annual epidemics of the common cold and influenza disease hit the human population like clockwork in the winter season.</p>
<p>The two major contributing factors are the changes in environmental parameters and human behaviour. Studies have revealed the effect of temperature and humidity on respiratory virus stability and transmission rates. More recent research highlights the importance of the environmental factors, especially temperature and humidity, in modulating host intrinsic, innate, and adaptive immune responses to viral infections in the respiratory tract. </p>
<p>There is not anything in the data to suggest the fall in alleged Covid deaths in 2021 is not in line with what we would expect to say in the normal seasonal cycle of a respiratory viral disease. The anomaly is 2020. However, couple 2020 with turning the NHS into the ‘National Covid Service’, <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/911541/COVID-19_hospital_discharge_service_requirements_2.pdf" target="_blank">kicking patients out of hospital</a> into care homes who required medical attention, and then <span><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/06/13/stay-at-home-protect-the-nhs-give-midazolam-to-the-elderly-and-tell-you-they-are-covid-deaths/" target="_blank">putting them on end of life care and feeding them midazolam</a></span> for breakfast, a drug which just so happens to cause the <span><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/06/06/would-you-use-midazolam-to-treat-covid-19-weneedtotalkaboutmidazolam/" target="_blank">exact same symptoms as alleged serious complications due to Covid-19</a></span>, it isn’t hard to see why 2020 was an anomaly for an alleged respiratory viral disease.</p>
<p>The authorities are desperate to prove to you that the vaccines are working, but the truth is they don’t have a clue, there are no trials or studies to prove it, and we’re in the middle of Summer, the season in which respiratory viral diseases are notoriously kept at bay.</p>
<p>Which begs the question of what horrors may await this country come winter now that the vast majority of adults in the UK have taken an experimental “vaccine” for which we have no long term data to show what could happen. But we do know that when they trialled the same technology of vaccines in animals prior to the alleged emergence of Covid-19 the <a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-clinical-and-translational-science/article/potential-for-antibodydependent-enhancement-of-sarscov2-infection-translational-implications-for-vaccine-development/504FE38E2475590EFE93872BC6D67D3D" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span>trials were halted because they caused antibody dependent enhancement and cytokine storms</span>.</a></p>
<p>Which protein was responsible for this? The S protein.  </p>
<p>Which protein is being used in all of the Covid-19 vaccines? The S protein.</p>
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source <a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/06/20/the-government-and-its-scientists-dont-have-a-clue-if-the-covid-vaccines-are-actually-working-have-they-ever-heard-of-seasonality/">https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/06/20/the-government-and-its-scientists-dont-have-a-clue-if-the-covid-vaccines-are-actually-working-have-they-ever-heard-of-seasonality/</a>

revolution The Government and its Scientists don’t have a clue if the Covid Vaccines are actually working – Have they ever heard of Seasonality?

When the Covid-19 vaccines were given emergency use authorisation the authorities did not have a clue as to whether they would work. The lim...

We admire these do-gooders. We just don’t want to date them.

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<p>Picture this: You’ve worked hard all year. You’re burned out. Every atom in your brain and body is crying out for a relaxing vacation. Luckily, you and your partner have managed to save up $3,000. You propose a trip to Hawaii — those blue waves are calling your name!</p>
<p>Just one problem: Your partner refuses, arguing that you both should donate the money to charity instead. Think how many malaria-preventing bednets $3,000 could buy for kids in developing countries!</p>
<p>You might find yourself thinking: Why does my partner seem to care more about strangers halfway around the world than about me?</p>
<p>A philosopher would tell you that your partner may be a utilitarian or consequentialist, someone who thinks that an action is moral if it produces good consequences and that everyone equally deserves to benefit from the good, not just those closest to us. By contrast, your response suggests you’re a deontologist, someone who thinks an action is moral if it’s fulfilling a duty — and we have special duties toward special people, like our partners, so we should prioritize our partner’s needs over a stranger’s.</p>
<p>According to research out of the <a href="http://www.crockettlab.org/">Crockett Lab</a> at Yale University, if you’re put off by the consequentialist’s anti–Hawaiian vacation response, you’re not alone. Neuroscientist Molly Crockett has <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022103117308181">conducted several studies</a> to determine how we perceive different types of moral agents. She found that when we’re looking for a spouse or friend, we strongly prefer deontologists, viewing them as more moral and trustworthy than consequentialists.</p>
<p>In other words: When we’re looking for someone to date or hang out with, extreme do-gooders of the consequentialist variety need not apply. (It’s worth noting that deontologists can be hardcore do-gooders, too, just in their own very different way.)</p>
<p>Crockett’s studies raise a lot of questions: Why do we distrust consequentialists despite admiring their altruism? Are we right to distrust them, or should we try to override that impulse? And what does this mean for movements like effective altruism, which says we should devote our resources to causes that’ll do the most good for people, wherever in the world they might be?</p>
<p>I reached out to Crockett to discuss these issues. A transcript of our conversation, edited for length and clarity, follows.</p>
<h4>Sigal Samuel</h4>
<p>In the past, it’s typically been philosophers who’ve investigated issues of morality and altruism, and they’ve focused a lot on sacrificial dilemmas.</p>
<p>The most famous one is the <a href="https://www.vox.com/2016/9/1/12752984/trolley-problem-2-year-old">Trolley Problem</a>: Should you make the active choice to divert a runaway trolley so that it kills one person if, by doing so, you can save five people along a different track from getting killed? The consequentialist says yes, because you’re maximizing overall good and outcomes are what matter. The deontologist says no, because you have a duty to not kill anyone as a means to an end, and your duties matter.</p>
<p>In your studies, you do examine these types of sacrificial dilemmas, which involve doing harm. But you also examine “impartial beneficence” dilemmas, which involve doing good, and specifically the idea that we shouldn’t prioritize our family and friends when we do good. Why did you decide to study those dilemmas?</p>
<h4>Molly Crockett</h4>
<p>Studying impartial beneficence is really psychologically juicy, because it gets at the heart of a lot of the conflicts we face in our social relationships as the world becomes global and we think about how our actions are affecting people we’re never going to meet. Being a good global citizen now butts up against our very powerful psychological tendencies to prioritize our families and friends. So we wanted to study the social consequences people might experience as a result of having consequentialist views.</p>
<h4>Sigal Samuel</h4>
<p>And what did you find?</p>
<h4>Molly Crockett</h4>
<p>When it comes to sacrificial dilemmas, we find that generally people strongly favor nonconsequentialist social partners. We trust people a lot more if they say it’s not okay to sacrifice one person to save many others.</p>
<p>When it comes to impartial beneficence dilemmas, we see the same pattern. The preference is not as strong, which I think makes sense because a helpful action tends to weigh less heavily on us psychologically than a harmful action. But we still see that when it comes to deciding who we’ll be friends or spouses with, we tend to prefer nonconsequentialists.</p>
<h4>Sigal Samuel</h4>
<p>There was an exception in the impartial beneficence dilemmas, right? It turned out that when we’re looking for a political leader, we actually prefer the consequentialist. To me, it makes a ton of intuitive sense that we’d prefer different types of moral agents in different social roles. Were your results seen as surprising?</p>
<h4>Molly Crockett</h4>
<p>Well, what’s remarkable is that moral psychology up until now has mostly been about hypothetical cases involving strangers. But new research suggests that actually relational context is super important when it comes to judging the morality of others.</p>
<p>I’ve recently started collaborating with <a href="https://clarkrelationshiplab.yale.edu/">Margaret Clark at Yale</a>, who’s an expert in close relationships. We’re testing some predictions that moral obligations are relationship specific.</p>
<p>Here’s a classic example: Consider a woman, Wendy, who could easily provide a meal to a young child but fails to do so. Has Wendy done anything wrong? It depends on who the child is. If she’s failing to provide a meal to her own child, then absolutely she’s done something wrong! But if Wendy is a restaurant owner and the child is not otherwise starving, then they don’t have a relationship that creates special obligations prompting her to feed the child.</p>
<h4>Sigal Samuel</h4>
<p>Totally. Philosophy abhors inconsistency, and applying deontology in some cases and consequentialism in others might come off as inconsistent. But maybe it’s actually the most rational thing to apply different moral philosophies in different relational contexts.</p>
<p>In your study, the story you tell about why we prefer to marry or befriend deontologists is that, naturally, if I’m looking for someone to marry I’m going to want someone who’ll give me preferential treatment over a stranger in another country. But just to kick the tires on that story a bit: Is it possible that our preference comes about not because we want someone who’ll prioritize us but because being with radical do-gooders makes us feel crappy about ourselves — because we feel like immoral jerks compared to them?</p>
<h4>Molly Crockett</h4>
<p>That’s a fascinating question and something we haven’t tested empirically, but it would be very consistent with the <a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1948550611415695">Stanford psychologist Benoit Monin’s work on “do-gooder derogation.”</a> He essentially showed exactly what you predict, which is that people feel less warm toward people who are extremely moral and altruistic. His studies showed that the extent to which people dislike vegetarians is related to their own feelings of moral conflict around eating animals.</p>
<h4>Sigal Samuel</h4>
<p>Yeah, we don’t tend to love being around people who make us grapple with uncomfortable questions. Especially if they’re very in-your-face or self-righteous about it and you have to be around them all the time, like with a romantic partner.</p>
<p>Your study also refers to something called the “partner choice model.” Can you explain that a bit?</p>
<h4>Molly Crockett</h4>
<p>“Partner choice” is a mechanism through which traits evolve because they promote being chosen as a social partner. There’s a lot of work suggesting that our preferences for cooperation evolved through partner choice mechanisms, because people who were naturally more cooperative were more likely to be chosen as social partners. They reaped the benefits of being chosen, both through social capital and through reproduction, and then they passed those traits to the next generation.</p>
<p>My idea is that some of our moral intuitions might be explained through the same mechanism. Our deontological intuitions, to the extent that they signal to others that we’re better social partners, make us more likely to be chosen, and therefore they get passed onto the next generation.</p>
<h4>Sigal Samuel</h4>
<p>Wait, unpack this evolutionary explanation a bit. By “through reproduction,” do you mean that parents with deontological views are more likely to rear their kids with deontological views?</p>
<h4>Molly Crockett</h4>
<p>Both that, and ... This is more speculative, but to the extent that deontological moral intuitions have a genetic component, it could be passed on that way as well. Obviously there’s not going to be a gene for deontological intuitions. There’s not a one-to-one mapping between genetics and complex psychological traits. But to the extent that these traits arise from brain processes (and there’s a lot of evidence that they do), there may be a heritable component.</p>
<h4>Sigal Samuel</h4>
<p>This reminds me of the neurophilosopher Patricia Churchland’s new book, <em>Conscience</em>, about the biological basis of morality. <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2019/7/8/20681558/conscience-patricia-churchland-neuroscience-morality-empathy-philosophy">Churchland and I recently talked</a> about how brain differences, which are underwritten by differences in our genes, shape our moral attitudes — and how those can be highly heritable. So genetics isn’t everything, but it is playing some role.</p>
<h4>Molly Crockett</h4>
<p>Absolutely. Broadly, my work is quite compatible with Churchland’s views.</p>
<p>I think the argument she makes is consistent with some of our <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5462090/">empirical work</a> showing that when people are deciding whether to benefit themselves by harming another person, their brain activity tracks with how blameworthy other people would find the harmful choice. Conscience might manifest as the brain predicting how other people would view our actions.</p>
<h4>Sigal Samuel</h4>
<p>When you write about the implications of your studies, you talk specifically about effective altruism, a movement supported by Peter Singer, who’s probably the most influential utilitarian philosopher alive. You say the studies’ findings suggest that if you’re an effective altruist you’re going to face some stumbling blocks in terms of how people perceive you, which could impact the movement’s ability to grow. What can effective altruists do to mitigate the potential negative perception of them?</p>
<h4>Molly Crockett</h4>
<p>I think there are a few possibilities. Here’s one: We’ve shown in <a href="https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2018-59124-001">some other work</a> that when people are judging the praiseworthiness of good deeds, they consider both the benefits that those deeds bring about and also how good it feels to perform those actions. If anything, our data suggests people weight how good it feels more strongly in judging praiseworthiness, such that people might think that a good deed that brings very little benefit but gives you a really warm fuzzy glow is actually more praiseworthy than a good deed that feels detached and emotionless but brings about a lot of benefit.</p>
<p>Drawing on this insight, effective altruists might emphasize the personal satisfaction that can arise from donating to effective causes, and talk about their own personal experience with the movement in ways that convey what it means to them.</p>
<p>In my lab now, we’re starting to think a lot about <a href="http://www.crockettlab.org/postdoc-2019">narrative</a> — how the stories we tell about our own and others’ behavior give rise to our sense of ourselves as moral beings, and how that can actually change our behavior over the long run. I think the effective altruism movement in some sense misses an opportunity to draw on the very powerful role that narratives play in shaping our psychology.</p>
<h4>Sigal Samuel</h4>
<p>So, if I have a narrative about myself that emphasizes why having a more evidence-backed, cost-effective approach to giving actually makes me feel really good and gives me that glow, conveying that might get people more interested in my approach?</p>
<h4>Molly Crockett</h4>
<p>Potentially. Of course, conveying that may butt up against the “do-gooder derogation” effect. So you’d have to be careful about that.</p>
<p>I think this conversation just goes to show how much of a challenge it is to change moral behavior. There are so many different levers you can press to try to change behavior, but often they’re working at odds with one another. So if you press one, that inadvertently presses other levers that counteract its effect. It’s a complex system we’re dealing with.</p>
<p><a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect-newsletter"><em><strong>Sign up for the Future Perfect newsletter.</strong></em></a> <em>Twice a week, you’ll get a roundup of ideas and solutions for tackling our biggest challenges: improving public health, decreasing human and animal suffering, easing catastrophic risks, and — to put it simply — getting better at doing good.</em></p>
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source <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2019/8/27/20829758/altruism-morality-molly-crockett-study-dating-do-gooders">https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2019/8/27/20829758/altruism-morality-molly-crockett-study-dating-do-gooders</a>

vox We admire these do-gooders. We just don’t want to date them.

Picture this: You’ve worked hard all year. You’re burned out. Every atom in your brain and body is crying out for a relaxing vacation. Luck...

Salon workers are holding on to their masks, and not just because of Covid-19

<p>Stylist Michele Ortiz has no plans to get rid of her personal protective equipment, even as Covid-19 protocols are rescinded in <a href="https://covid19.ca.gov/masks-and-ppe/">California</a> and other states. “I would love to see hairdressers wearing their masks even after the pandemic, whenever all of this subsides,” Ortiz says.</p>
<p>For years, the California hairstylist experienced nosebleeds, lightheadedness, hot flashes, and rosacea as a result of the harsh chemicals used in hair color services. But now she refuses to use such chemicals, and after arriving for work at Phenix Salon Suites in Santa Barbara, she dons a mask, rubber gloves, and a face shield, and switches on an air purifier to counteract the chemicals used by a coworker. She feels safer this way, and not just from the virus.</p>
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<aside><q>“I would love to see hairdressers wearing their masks even after the pandemic”</q></aside>
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<p>Workers across the cosmetology industry, including spa, hair, and nail salon employees, have expressed workplace safety concerns before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. According to complaints filed by cosmetology workers to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) between January 2015 and July 2020 — obtained via Freedom of Information Act requests in partnership with the <a href="http://economichardship.org/">Economic Hardship Reporting Project</a> and then shared with Vox — exposure to these chemicals, especially in salons with poor ventilation or whose owners failed to provide PPE, resulted in burning eyes, breathing problems, rashes, and more.</p>
<p>Now that salons have reopened and the CDC updated its <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/fully-vaccinated.html">guidelines</a> to say fully vaccinated people can resume activities without practicing social distancing or wearing masks, cosmetology workers must navigate both the immediate threat of Covid-19 and the ongoing risks of cosmetic chemical exposures.</p>
<p>“Employees are exposed to the hair straightening products without proper ventilation, causing eye blisters and respiratory problems,” one OSHA complaint reads. “Employees are exposed to chemical fumes and are having trouble breathing,” reads another. “Employees are not provided with personal protective equipment.”</p>
<p>Potentially hazardous working conditions were already in place when the deadliest pandemic in a century landed in the US. Covid-19 left salon owners and workers facing the immediate health risks of a deadly airborne disease that required social distancing, forcing salons to upend their practices as shifting regulations left them open and shut. It also exacerbated the economic issues already confronting salon employees, often women of color, working without safety nets. As people in various industries <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2021/05/07/jobs-report-labor-shortage-analysis/">assess the harsh working conditions of their employment</a>, some salon workers are examining the risks that have been part of their jobs all along.</p>
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<p>The health hazards associated with cosmetic chemicals are well-documented. Alexandra Flamm, assistant professor of dermatology at Penn State University, says her cosmetologist patients often suffer from contact dermatitis, “an itchy rash in the eczema family.”</p>
<p>Exposure to sprays and other personal care products make the eyes vulnerable to irritation or infection, adds Barbara Horn, immediate past president of <a href="https://www.aoa.org/horn">the American Optometric Association Board of Trustees</a>, and irritants landing directly on the eye can potentially cause keratitis, a condition the <a href="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/corneal-ulcer">American Association of Ophthalmology</a> defines as an “open sore on the cornea.”</p>
<p>Found in keratin treatments, formaldehyde is especially problematic, with the <a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/materials/formaldehyde_508.pdf">National Toxicology Program</a> classifying it as a known carcinogen. What’s more, even short-term exposure to formaldehyde “is associated with eye, nose, and throat irritation, shortness of breath and wheezing,” per the <a href="https://www.ewg.org/news-insights/news/lets-just-ban-damn-ingredient-inside-fda-scientists-failed-attempt-ban">Environmental Working Group</a> (EWG), a health and environmental nonprofit, and <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/formaldehyde/formaldehyde-fact-sheet">the National Cancer Institute</a> concurs.</p>
<p>Such risks are exacerbated by the lack of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations. The FDA has been <a href="http://static.ewg.org/reports/2020/BrazilianBlowoutPDFs/Link2and8.pdf">aware of the dangers of formaldehyde</a> in cosmetic chemicals since 2016 but has yet to ban the chemical, according to documents obtained by the Environmental Working Group via FOIA and <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/21/health/brazilian-blowout-formaldehyde-fda.html">reporting from the New York Times</a>. An FDA spokesperson said the agency continues to examine the safety of formaldehyde and will not discuss ongoing investigations or future plans.</p>
<p>Congress has repeatedly considered updating cosmetic chemical regulations, but so far the bills haven’t gotten very far. Rep. Frank Pallone (D-NJ) introduced the <a href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/5279/text?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22H.R.+5279%22%5D%7D&r=1&s=2">Cosmetic Safety Enhancement Act of 2019</a> in December of that year, while Sens. Dianne Feinstein (D-CA) and Susan Collins (R-ME) introduced the <a href="https://www.feinstein.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/press-releases?id=6167A869-D55D-48E3-86B1-93EF499FC046">Personal Care Products Safety Act</a> on Thursday for the third time, after doing so first in <a href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/senate-bill/1014/text">2015</a> and again in <a href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-bill/726/">2019</a>. But the industry has successfully lobbied in the past for the ability to self-regulate, said <a href="https://www.ewg.org/staff/melanie-benesh">Melanie Benesh</a>, the EWG’s legislative attorney. However, some companies now recognize the need for more regulation and are aware that consumers are beginning to care more about the ingredients in their products, Benesh added.</p>
<p>The cosmetics industry “did a very good job even back in 1938 [of] carving themselves out of the law and really limiting the FDA’s regulatory authority,” Benesh said. “Even the authority that’s written into the 1938 law is very limited.”</p>
<figure class="e-image"><span class="e-image__inner"><span class="e-image__image" data-original="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22665503/GettyImages_1230437228.jpg"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1624208460_8213_17443" data-cdata='{"asset_id":22665503,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/l5Eh6lH9PZTdvIBCPiY-4KYTaHc=/0x0:5760x3840/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:5760x3840):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22665503/GettyImages_1230437228.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/IGMFhYP8oHIV2k2fpLyNjD6nWL4=/0x0:5760x3840/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:5760x3840):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22665503/GettyImages_1230437228.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/BKWKOPFXU1lkYGOsl8oNct52Vc8=/0x0:5760x3840/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:5760x3840):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22665503/GettyImages_1230437228.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/wZ_vPbiZ2NmZldlunvqSIYww23U=/0x0:5760x3840/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:5760x3840):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22665503/GettyImages_1230437228.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/_bUyUcdt2HY9ucpLfrybFGPDt-E=/0x0:5760x3840/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:5760x3840):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22665503/GettyImages_1230437228.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/NHHcckjp1AhxizVxgkLUiBFQ4pE=/0x0:5760x3840/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:5760x3840):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22665503/GettyImages_1230437228.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/hAQCrXQ-rt5OXf755nmwi3NFMR4=/0x0:5760x3840/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:5760x3840):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22665503/GettyImages_1230437228.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/IUwAQMrdFtFkhGejhSEJQVeCZBE=/0x0:5760x3840/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:5760x3840):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22665503/GettyImages_1230437228.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/63BYjnvM94Oi0eTb0phzt3-ZIh4=/0x0:5760x3840/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:5760x3840):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22665503/GettyImages_1230437228.jpg 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="" data-upload-width="5760" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/bdqXQXrR8P1mATJl4mvW_9aq8cY=/0x0:5760x3840/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:5760x3840):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22665503/GettyImages_1230437228.jpg" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/zn8ZqUo5X_PJhgwDgtyMaBppt58=/0x0:5760x3840/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:5760x3840):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22665503/GettyImages_1230437228.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/JyRF9yl6GhLUYfFWMVNv-xdmMu8=/0x0:5760x3840/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:5760x3840):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22665503/GettyImages_1230437228.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Sxd8ifmzmu5xVPzRpLwzeK3NYE4=/0x0:5760x3840/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:5760x3840):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22665503/GettyImages_1230437228.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/9u5qrFXcEqMvg8p5yreObDQEV9k=/0x0:5760x3840/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:5760x3840):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22665503/GettyImages_1230437228.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/8o-wi-QsAhXOgzFm7y9rSNBHk2Y=/0x0:5760x3840/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:5760x3840):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22665503/GettyImages_1230437228.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/GmHhE370r1KUT2-YykLO3HsK5z0=/0x0:5760x3840/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:5760x3840):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22665503/GettyImages_1230437228.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/iRqN-u05mUpFa1oKnzPVspRvFng=/0x0:5760x3840/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:5760x3840):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22665503/GettyImages_1230437228.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/8-VBDiLmWk52-1d6wGBtQM7wyHA=/0x0:5760x3840/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:5760x3840):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22665503/GettyImages_1230437228.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/AQ-UDLmakwhO3Ky4yxuJAOQpF4I=/0x0:5760x3840/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:5760x3840):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22665503/GettyImages_1230437228.jpg 1920w" /></picture></span></span>
<figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">There are dangerous chemicals involved in some common salon treatments.</span></figcaption>
<span class="e-image__meta"><cite>Genaro Molina/Los Angeles Times via Getty Images</cite></span></figure>
<p>Dung Nguyen, <a href="https://cahealthynailsalons.org/staff-1">program outreach coordinator of California Healthy Nail Salon Collaborative</a> (CHNSC), said that she has heard concerns from workers who worry about their ability to recover from Covid-19 due to respiratory issues stemming from the products they use.</p>
<p>“We’re starting to see the disparities that Covid is affecting poor folks way more than it is affluent folks,” says Nguyen. “And it’s because of the poor folks who are working low-wage jobs where they have to work with all these chemicals. Just because I’m poor doesn’t mean I deserve to die and that my life is not worth as much as yours.”</p>
<p>Worker protections depend on whether a worker is classified as an independent contractor or an employee, notes ReNika Moore, director of the ACLU’s Racial Justice Program. As the pandemic unfolded, she says, federal agencies mostly introduced general recommendations and guidance for worker protections. Basically, the federal government has “dropped the ball,” Moore says.</p>
<p>She pointed to the National Employment Law Project’s <a href="https://www.nelp.org/publication/independent-contractors-covid-19-working-without-protections/#_ftn10">warnings about the shortcomings of America’s safety net</a>, during Covid-19, protections that previously excluded independent contractors from benefits like paid sick leave, family leave, and unemployment insurance, all of which have become acutely necessary as workers weather the economic uncertainty and health risk of working during the pandemic.</p>
<p>In April 2020, the US Department of Labor issued additional guidance regarding the Pandemic Unemployment Assistance Program that <a href="https://www.dwt.com/blogs/employment-labor-and-benefits/2020/04/independent-contractor-unemployment-benefits">extended benefits</a> to all independent contractors who have experienced “a significant diminution in work due to Covid-19.”</p>
<p>Another challenge for salon workers: Given the close-knit nature of the nail salon industry in particular, workers may fear retaliation for speaking out against unsafe working conditions, says Preeti Sharma, an assistant professor at California State University and co-lead author of the 2018 report <a href="https://www.labor.ucla.edu/publication/nail-files/">“Nail Files: A Study of Nail Salon Workers and Industry in the United States.”</a> Given that fear, it’s critical for worker organizations to inform salon workers of their available safeguards if they speak out against poor working conditions, she says.</p>
<p>But protections against such retribution only apply to employees, not independent contractors, Sharma adds. Regardless, as salons adjust to the changing regulations surrounding Covid-19, salon workers shouldn’t be solely responsible for enforcing mask-wearing or other precautions; strong health and safety guidelines, as well as diligent owners and compliant customers, keep everyone safe, she says.</p>
<div class="c-float-right">
<aside><q>“Financially, it’s a lose-lose situation, and health-wise, it’s a lose-lose situation”</q></aside>
</div>
<p>Not surprisingly, a majority of those who responded to a <a href="https://www.labor.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/COVID_Survey_Brief_6.12.pdf">June 2020 survey of nail salon workers and owners in California during Covid-19</a> were concerned about whether it was safe to return to work. The survey found that 61 percent of workers (and 43 percent of salon owners) were concerned about safely reopening. It also found that 43 percent of workers (and 63 percent of owners) were worried about their finances.</p>
<p>“Financially, it’s a lose-lose situation, and health-wise, it’s a lose-lose situation,” Sharma said. “You don’t have the resources to stay home, but to go back to the workplace is unhealthy.”</p>
<p>“There really isn’t an afterthought of ‘I don’t really want to do that. Is there something else I can do?’” added CHNSC’s Nguyen. “It comes from this survival nature: ‘What can I do here and now to provide for my family as quickly as possible?’”</p>
<p>On May 13, the CDC <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/fully-vaccinated-guidance.html">updated its guidelines</a> to say that fully vaccinated individuals no longer need to wear masks or practice social distancing except where required by law, leaving states, municipalities, tribes, and territories to determine protocols. As a result, salon workers are weighing the risks of Covid-19 along with the long-term cosmetic chemical exposure.</p>
<p>Kimberly Bell, a hairstylist working in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, says that performing keratin straightening treatments caused her to experience nosebleeds, breathing problems, and rashes on her neck, chest, and forearms. These symptoms drove her to try wearing surgical and gas masks before the Covid-19 pandemic began. Once salons reopened, she continued to wear face masks.</p>
<p>Though the masks she wears can conceal the smell of hair coloring chemicals such as bleach, the gases released during keratin treatments still manage to creep in, she says.</p>
<p>“You get headaches a lot, because you have these masks on for hours upon hours throughout the day, and then you have all the chemicals that are around you,” Bell says. “It’s a combination of stress, chemicals, and breathing our own carbon dioxide.”</p>
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<aside><q>“It’s a combination of stress, chemicals, and breathing our own carbon dioxide”</q></aside>
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<p>The CDC’s revised guidelines have left Bell conflicted. On one hand, keeping herself and her clients safe during the pandemic has been a priority. However, she is at greater risk for cosmetic chemical exposure during her workdays and is concerned about fumes getting into her mask. According to <a href="https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/77120">a 2019 CDC evaluation of four nail salons</a>, surgical masks aren’t considered respiratory protection and don’t protect against gas, vapor exposures, or particulates in the air. And while N95 masks don’t protect against gases or vapors, they do protect against dust created while doing clients’ nails, per the CDC.</p>
<p>“I’ve given the mask question, ‘to wear or not’ many sleepless nights and have come to a decision that will minimize risk to myself and my clients,” Bell said. “Wearing a mask only exacerbates the health challenges as the fumes flow up and are trapped. You can imagine how debilitating breathing toxins all day is and creates irrefutable health risk and damage.”</p>
<p>Making sure clients are safe and comfortable was paramount for her before the coronavirus was a concern. Now that she’s fully vaccinated, she said she will wear a mask if clients are comfortable with her doing so. But if her clients are okay with her not wearing a mask, she will service them without one and continue her temperature checks, she said.</p>
<p>Ortiz said she’s fine with the CDC guidelines as long as people continue to get vaccinated, but she will continue wearing a mask, because she knows clients who aren’t getting vaccinated.</p>
<p>“I’m trying to feel things out with everything. It’s a little new to me [to go] from masks and shields to no masks,” Ortiz said.</p>
<p>Nguyen hopes that the health disparities the pandemic has revealed will lead to laws that will change what substances are allowed in beauty products. History has shown that this will more likely happen at the state level. Congress has not passed new legislation to regulate the cosmetics industry since the 1938 Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, but “states have been the leaders on chemical consumer policy changes in the law,” said the Environmental Working Group’s Benesh.</p>
<p>In September, for instance, California passed legislation requiring cosmetic product manufacturers to <a href="https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB312">disclose fragrance ingredients or flavor ingredients</a> starting in 2022, and <a href="https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB2762">banned the manufacturing and sale</a> of products containing formaldehyde, quaternium-15, and other toxic cosmetic chemicals beginning in 2025.</p>
<p>“We think the California legislation really is important as sending a signal about what kinds of chemicals we won’t tolerate in our cosmetics. We certainly hope it inspires movement at the federal level,” Benesh said.</p>
<p>Other states, including <a href="https://www.health.state.mn.us/communities/environment/childenvhealth/docs/edu_formaldehyde.pdf">Minnesota</a>, <a href="https://www.legislature.mi.gov/(S(1ah0ailzsly31kjmwzkuwhid))/mileg.aspx?page=GetObject&objectname=2020-HB-5406">Michigan</a>, and <a href="https://malegislature.gov/Bills/191/SD1518">Massachusetts</a>, have enacted or introduced their own cosmetic chemical regulations, from banning toxic chemicals in children’s personal care products to requiring disclosures of ingredients in cosmetics.</p>
<p>As for Ortiz, after visits to multiple doctors failed to pinpoint the source of her nosebleeds, dizziness, and skin irritation, a holistic doctor finally advised her to stop working with chemicals and diagnosed her with lupus, an <a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lupus/symptoms-causes/syc-20365789">autoimmune disease</a> in which the body’s immune system attacks the organs. (While studies published in <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/15569527.2012.751390">Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology</a> in 2012 and <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214750015300044">Toxicology Reports</a> in 2015 indicate that cosmetic exposures could exacerbate lupus symptoms, the studies concluded more research needs to be done to determine cosmetic chemicals’ effect.)</p>
<p>Though Ortiz has given up working with toxic chemicals, she’s concerned about her salon colleagues navigating both the risks of coronavirus and cosmetic chemicals. She adds: “I just think Covid and chemicals is a bad recipe.”</p>
<p><em>This article was supported by the</em> <a href="http://economichardship.org/"><em>Economic Hardship Reporting Project</em></a><em>.</em></p>
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source <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22538694/salon-workers-covid-chemicals-hair-nails-keratin-masks">https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22538694/salon-workers-covid-chemicals-hair-nails-keratin-masks</a>

vox Salon workers are holding on to their masks, and not just because of Covid-19

Stylist Michele Ortiz has no plans to get rid of her personal protective equipment, even as Covid-19 protocols are rescinded in California ...

One Good Thing: These dark detective novels are really about ethics and hope

<div><img class="ff-og-image-inserted" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Tt29S9G4iXoKI1uAbZZ2z688vGE=/0x420:5500x3300/fit-in/1200x630/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22662358/GettyImages_987886130.jpg" /></div>
<p>I discovered <a href="https://go.redirectingat.com/?id=66960X1516588&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbookshop.org%2Flists%2Fthe-louise-penny-list&referrer=vox.com&sref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2F22533094%2Finspector-gamache-louise-penny-cozy-series-mystery-novels" rel="sponsored nofollow noopener" target="_blank" has-subtag="true" data-cdata='{"rewritten_url":"https://go.redirectingat.com?id=66960X1516588\u0026xs=1\u0026url=https://bookshop.org/lists/the-louise-penny-list\u0026referrer=vox.com\u0026sref=https://www.vox.com/22533094/inspector-gamache-louise-penny-cozy-series-mystery-novels\u0026xcust=___vx__p_22297135__m_m-placeholder__s_s-placeholder__t_w__c_c-placeholder__r_r-placeholder__d_d-placeholder","subtag_max_length":50,"subtag_delim_length":3,"subtag_key":"xcust","subtag_data":{"id":"66960X1516588","xs":"1","url":"https://bookshop.org/lists/the-louise-penny-list","referrer":"vox.com","sref":"https://www.vox.com/22533094/inspector-gamache-louise-penny-cozy-series-mystery-novels","xcust":"___vx__p_22297135__m_m-placeholder__s_s-placeholder__t_w__c_c-placeholder__r_r-placeholder__d_d-placeholder"},"encode_subtag":false}'>Louise Penny’s Inspector Gamache series of novels</a> (also known as the Three Pines series) the way a proper detective might: by ransacking Goodreads lists and analyzing the ratings of all the cozy mysteries I could find, to see if any of those quirkily wholesome stories of small-town murder ranked higher than Agatha Christie.</p>
<p>I reasoned that if Goodreads users could agree on the merit of any mystery writer, it would be Christie. (The site is notorious for its vicious and finicky readers who downvote books for the pettiest of reasons.) Therefore any title in the genre that had lots of Goodreads entries and a reader rating that was as high or higher than that of, say, <em>And Then There Were None</em> would be worth digging into.</p>
<p>Turns out, Penny’s series is not only a Goodreads hit, but has proven so popular she’s churned out <a href="https://www.fantasticfiction.com/p/louise-penny/chief-inspector-gamache/">a total</a> of 16 volumes since publishing the first, <a href="https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/338691.Still_Life"><em>Still Life</em></a>, in 2005; the 17th, <em>The Madness of Crowds</em>, will come out in August. The books have also won an <a href="https://www.fictiondb.com/author/louise-penny~book-awards~40339.htm">absolute mountain</a> of awards — including the Agatha Award, presented to literary cozies — <a href="https://www.minlib.net/booklists/award-winners/agatha">seven times</a>.</p>
<p>Conceptually, Inspector Gamache sounds like the last kind of story to go head to head with anything by the grand dame of murder. To start, it’s Canadian, and we all know the darkest crime a Canadian ever committed was creating Tim Hortons. (I kid!)</p>
<p>The books are also difficult to easily categorize. They balance many of the most comforting elements of cozy mysteries with many of the bleakest and most haunting elements of gritty modern noir or criminal procedurals. Yet even when they’re dealing with modern issues like PTSD, drug addiction, systemic racism, and police corruption, they’re all undercut with a highbrow literary bent and a thoroughly humanitarian, nigh-spiritual worldview. Hardly the stuff of the average mystery novel.</p>
<p>People <em>love</em> them. And now, having spent the last month blazing through the first nine books, I see why.</p>
<p>The Inspector Gamache series takes place in an idyllic small town in Canada called Three Pines. The quirky circle of artists and brigands who reside there frequently compare Three Pines to Brigadoon because it’s not on any map and seems to appear out of the mist only to wandering souls in need of its comforting sense of community. How they feel about its astronomical death rate is another matter.</p>
<p>One of the souls who seems to need Three Pines most is our hero, Inspector Gamache, a gentle Quebecois police inspector battling internal corruption. As chief inspector of the Sûreté du Quebec, Gamache culls deep devotion from his officers as well as other beat cops who know him only by reputation. Thanks to the ongoing fallout of a complex scandal involving police brutality against a poor Indigenous community, however, most of his superiors on the force hate him.</p>
<p>Every book in the series thus runs on two parallel tracks: the slow train of Gamache’s meandering route through solving the particulars of that book’s specific murder case, and the bullet train of navigating the intricate political intrigues of his own police department.</p>
<p>This structure allows Penny to layer two different mystery genres — the traditional cozy and the crime thriller — atop one another. The concept of the cozy mystery forms something of a paradox: stories about murder, death, and despair wrapped in a comforting bubble of familiarity, community, warm-hearted main characters, and often a sense of high-spirited fun. If the genre itself forms a paradox, then the Inspector Gamache books form one more. They’re a Schroedinger’s box of <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/louise-pennys-a-trick-of-the-light-a-cozy-mystery/2011/08/29/gIQADq5I2J_story.html">yes, they’re definitely cozies</a> and <a href="https://cozy-mystery.com/blog/louise-penny-chief-inspector-gamache-mystery-series.html">no, they’re definitely not</a>, with a lot of <a href="https://www.macleans.ca/culture/books/more-than-cozy-louise-pennys-small-town-murder-mysteries/">okay, fine, they are, but they’re also so much more</a>.</p>
<p>I find that Inspector Gamache books frequently wriggle away from association with the cozy genre — though I have to note my favorite book in the series so far, <em>A Trick of the Light</em> (book six) is also the coziest of the lot. Overall, though, I agree with the Washington Post’s assessment that they form a wonderful literary hybrid, with an emphasis on literary.</p>
<p>That’s because in addition to observing most of the conventions of the cozy genre, the books are also twisty, multilayered, and sweeping, with story arcs stretching across volumes and involving dozens of characters. Each novel is only partly fixated on crime and equally fixated on various cultural and historical themes, from Canadian revolutionary exploits to Quebecois culture clashes to art and music history.</p>
<p>The books also feel somewhat documentarian, often borrowing real events and settings. Each novel features multiple places reportedly based on <a href="https://www.easterntownships.org/tourist-routes/12/three-pines-inspirations-map-louise-penny">real-life locations</a> around rural Quebec. Interwoven through the entire series are recurring snatches of actual real poems, most written by Margaret Atwood, but presented in the story as coming from the mind of one illustrious fictional poet. One line, <a href="https://www.kittlingbooks.com/2013/09/poisoned-pen-with-louise-penny.html">reportedly</a> written by the self-published poet Marylyn Plessner, serves as an idée fixe for the entire series and its commitment to showing grace to the wounded: “Who hurt you once, so far beyond repair, that you would greet each overture with curling lip?”</p>
<p>These details keep the books rooted in the real — an achievement, given that they’re also playing with tropes and settings that have a deliberately mystical vibe and often verge into the wildly over-the-top. Everything about Three Pines ticks the Quaint Small Town bingo card: There’s the cute B&B and bistro run by the equally cute gay couple who, like their neighbor the quirky bookshop owner, stumbled upon the town one day by accident and never left. They’re joined by the resident town drunk, an aging, foul-mouthed troll who hates everyone, secretly yearns for love, and ... was also the poet laureate of Canada. That’s Ruth Zardo, one of the most vivid characters I’ve ever read and absolutely one of the best reasons to devour every book in this series.</p>
<p>At the center of this motley crew we have Clara, a perpetually harried struggling artist whose biggest roadblock to professional success may be her own jealous and resentful husband. Watching her figure this out over the course of the series as she gradually comes into her own may be one of the other best reasons to check out the series.</p>
<p>On Inspector Gamache’s own team, far removed from Three Pines and embroiled in the political drama of the Sûreté, we have mostly doggedly loyal officers, comforting and faithful — except for one. The insubordinate agent, Yvette Nicole, is almost impossible to take seriously as a character because her narcissism, overconfidence, and non-neurotypical social processing give her such an intense personality. But Penny has the great gift of empathizing with all her characters, and that makes Nicole in particular irresistible. She’s an obnoxious, completely unpredictable weapon in Gamache’s arsenal, and yet another reason to seek out the series.</p>
<p>You may have noticed I’ve said very little about murder, and that’s because there’s so much more going on in this series than murder. I’ve found the actual book-by-book murder plots and their resolutions to be very hit-or-miss — but even when Penny’s episodic tales are a bit unwieldy, her ongoing narrative, and the twists and sheer drama she culls from it, are truly operatic in scale and achievement. The books so far divide into two separate but linked narrative arcs — books 1 to 3 and books 4 to 9 — and that’s a lot of reading, a lot of plot to keep straight, and a huge amount of build-up to a climax. But in both arcs, the climaxes are deliciously dramatic, with giant consequences, huge plot twists, and some absolutely brilliant, deeply satisfying sleights of hand.</p>
<p>(Also of note: So far, I have experienced this series via its fantastic audiobooks, the first 10 of which are narrated with exquisite craft and care by the late <a href="https://www.audiofilemagazine.com/narrators/ralph-cosham/">Ralph Cosham</a>. Cosham’s precise Quebecois pronunciation is a gift, and he inhabits the titular Inspector Gamache and many of the series’ other characters so fully he all but becomes them. If you want to binge the series, I can’t recommend the audio production enough.)</p>
<p>That’s not to say the series isn’t without flaws. Over 17 volumes, there’s a lot of repetition for newcomers and the reader who’s forgotten what happened in the last book, so if you binge them, you may get tired of hearing some details over and over. One ongoing plot involving a character’s painkiller addiction nearly stretches all credulity and resolves with total absurdity. And there’s a refrain of unconscious but omnipresent fat-shaming for many, many characters, particularly the series’ only Black character, Myrna the bookstore owner, who’s perpetually characterized through her fatness.</p>
<p>Yet there’s a reason these books have won such critical acclaim. Even with some obvious flaws, Penny’s writing excels in its depth of characterization, scope of plotting, and commitment to serializing story arcs over the course of multiple books, and above all the heart at the center of each book.</p>
<p>We might say that heart is Inspector Gamache himself. In a moment when defunding and abolishing the police are central to every discussion of how to fix a broken justice system here in America, the last thing I expected when I read the first volume was to become obsessed with a series about a Canadian cop. But Penny, through Gamache, perpetually asks how policing can be both ethical and kind, and how a broken and corrupt justice system might be rebuilt around these principles. Gamache may be an unrealistically idealized version of a police officer — he doesn’t even carry a weapon during the daily course of his job — but he is a welcome one. Genteel and literate, Gamache uses a form of soft power as his primary offense. He’s dedicated to listening and learning, gaining the trust of fellow officers and suspects, rather than leading through shows of force or bullying his way toward a predetermined outcome.</p>
<p>The image of a cop who constantly keeps himself and his considerable power in check, in favor of doing community outreach and bonding with suspects, feels almost unfairly flattering as a portrait of policing in 2021. But if Gamache is ethical and kind, the Sûreté itself is not, and Penny always reminds us the system itself is broken.</p>
<p>Broken, but not irredeemable. In Penny’s universe, almost no one is beyond redemption or past hope of forgiveness, especially if they’re part of a community that’s chosen love and forgiveness as its guiding principle. That idea, too, feels like a rare luxury in a culture where our sins are increasingly preserved for all time and added to an ever-growing tally of reasons for others to judge us (or cancel us) at will.</p>
<p>It’s also why, when a writer like Penny comes along, you might find yourself clinging to them — perhaps as a reminder that you yourself are not beyond hope.</p>
<p><em>You can find the</em> <a href="https://go.redirectingat.com/?id=66960X1516588&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbookshop.org%2Flists%2Fthe-louise-penny-list&referrer=vox.com&sref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2F22533094%2Finspector-gamache-louise-penny-cozy-series-mystery-novels" rel="sponsored nofollow noopener" target="_blank" has-subtag="true" data-cdata='{"rewritten_url":"https://go.redirectingat.com?id=66960X1516588\u0026xs=1\u0026url=https://bookshop.org/lists/the-louise-penny-list\u0026referrer=vox.com\u0026sref=https://www.vox.com/22533094/inspector-gamache-louise-penny-cozy-series-mystery-novels\u0026xcust=___vx__p_22297135__m_m-placeholder__s_s-placeholder__t_w__c_c-placeholder__r_r-placeholder__d_d-placeholder","subtag_max_length":50,"subtag_delim_length":3,"subtag_key":"xcust","subtag_data":{"id":"66960X1516588","xs":"1","url":"https://bookshop.org/lists/the-louise-penny-list","referrer":"vox.com","sref":"https://www.vox.com/22533094/inspector-gamache-louise-penny-cozy-series-mystery-novels","xcust":"___vx__p_22297135__m_m-placeholder__s_s-placeholder__t_w__c_c-placeholder__r_r-placeholder__d_d-placeholder"},"encode_subtag":false}'><em>Inspector Gamache</em></a> <em>books, beginning with</em> <a href="https://go.redirectingat.com/?id=66960X1516588&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbookshop.org%2Fbooks%2Fstill-life-a-chief-inspector-gamache-novel%2F9780312541538&referrer=vox.com&sref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2F22533094%2Finspector-gamache-louise-penny-cozy-series-mystery-novels" rel="sponsored nofollow noopener" target="_blank" has-subtag="true" data-cdata='{"rewritten_url":"https://go.redirectingat.com?id=66960X1516588\u0026xs=1\u0026url=https://bookshop.org/books/still-life-a-chief-inspector-gamache-novel/9780312541538\u0026referrer=vox.com\u0026sref=https://www.vox.com/22533094/inspector-gamache-louise-penny-cozy-series-mystery-novels\u0026xcust=___vx__p_22297135__m_m-placeholder__s_s-placeholder__t_w__c_c-placeholder__r_r-placeholder__d_d-placeholder","subtag_max_length":50,"subtag_delim_length":3,"subtag_key":"xcust","subtag_data":{"id":"66960X1516588","xs":"1","url":"https://bookshop.org/books/still-life-a-chief-inspector-gamache-novel/9780312541538","referrer":"vox.com","sref":"https://www.vox.com/22533094/inspector-gamache-louise-penny-cozy-series-mystery-novels","xcust":"___vx__p_22297135__m_m-placeholder__s_s-placeholder__t_w__c_c-placeholder__r_r-placeholder__d_d-placeholder"},"encode_subtag":false}'>Still Life</a><em>, at your local library or wherever books are sold. To listen to the audiobooks, check out Audible, Amazon, or your favorite audiobook merchant.</em></p>
<p><em>For more recommendations from the world of culture, check out the</em> <a href="https://www.vox.com/one-good-thing"><em>One Good Thing</em></a> <em>archives.</em></p>
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source <a href="https://www.vox.com/22533094/inspector-gamache-louise-penny-cozy-series-mystery-novels">https://www.vox.com/22533094/inspector-gamache-louise-penny-cozy-series-mystery-novels</a>

vox One Good Thing: These dark detective novels are really about ethics and hope

I discovered Louise Penny’s Inspector Gamache series of novels (also known as the Three Pines series) the way a proper detective might: by...

"Boost To Sector Amid Covid": UK Allows Outdoor Weddings For First Time

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<div class="ins_instory_dv_cont"><img alt="'Boost To Sector Amid Covid': UK Allows Outdoor Weddings For First Time" src="https://c.ndtvimg.com/2021-04/hs3mfqu_boris-johnson_625x300_28_April_21.jpg" title="'Boost To Sector Amid Covid': UK Allows Outdoor Weddings For First Time" /></div>
<p class="ins_instory_dv_caption sp_b">UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson scrapped a 30-guest limit on weddings earlier this month.</p>
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<b class="place_cont">London:</b>
<p>The British government said Sunday it will permit outdoor non-religious wedding ceremonies in England and Wales for the first time, boosting a sector hard-hit by the pandemic.</p>
<p>Up to now, England and Wales have only allowed Jewish and Quaker weddings outdoors, while others have to marry in a room or a fixed permanent structure. Scotland does allow outdoor weddings.</p>
<p>Justice Minister Robert Buckland told Sky News the reform gave "greater flexibility" for weddings to "have more guests in a safe way".</p>
<p>Under the new rules, from July 1 people in England and Wales will be able to have non-religious weddings and civil partnership ceremonies outside or "under a partially covered structure" at approved venues such as hotels, the Ministry of Justice said.</p>
<p>The rules are temporary, running to April next year, though the government said it would consult on whether to make them permanent.</p>
<p>It called this a "boost to the wedding sector", allowing all aspects of weddings to take place outdoors for the first time.</p>
<p>The rule change provides more flexibility "especially during the pandemic," the government said, although its commitment to change the rules predates the virus.</p>
<p>Wedding organisers and owners of venues have complained that restrictions on celebrations during the pandemic have made their businesses unviable.</p>
<p>Wedding planner Sarah Haywood, spokeswoman for the UK Wedding Taskforce campaign group, tweeted: "Some good news! Let's keep it coming".</p>
<p>The government said it was considering further broadening the rules on weddings including allowing a wider range of locations and for weddings to be held remotely "in a national emergency".</p>
<p>Prime Minister Boris Johnson, who himself got married in May, delivered welcome news to couples this month when he scrapped a 30-guest limit on weddings, with permitted numbers now dependent on the size of premises. However guests are still not allowed to dance at weddings.</p>
<p><i>(Except for the headline, this story has not been edited by NDTV staff and is published from a syndicated feed.)</i></p>
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source <a href="https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/coronavirus-uk-allows-outdoor-weddings-for-first-time-2468281">https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/coronavirus-uk-allows-outdoor-weddings-for-first-time-2468281</a>

news world "Boost To Sector Amid Covid": UK Allows Outdoor Weddings For First Time

UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson scrapped a 30-guest limit on weddings earlier this month. London: The British government said Sunday it...