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The hidden melting of the most important ice on Earth, explained

The largest ice masses on the planet contain so much water that they’re increasing sea levels around the globe as temperatures rise. Satellites can see these drastic changes from space.
But new research finds that some of the most profound changes to Earth’s ice are largely invisible because they’re happening far beneath the surface. Land ice and ice shelves are wearing thin from below, and it’s happening much faster than previously expected.
Ice is at once extremely simple and extraordinarily complicated. It’s just frozen water. But as it gathers in miles-thick sheets near the planet’s poles, it becomes a geological force that can move mountains and reshape the contours of the planet.
The sheer weight of ice presses down on the land and carves it over millennia as the ice slides. Ice holds more than <a href="https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/how-much-earths-water-stored-glaciers">three-quarters of the world’s fresh water</a>.
And when it melts, it can threaten the lives and livelihoods of billions of people. More than one-third of humanity lives within <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/earth-science/oceanography/living-ocean">60 miles (100 kilometers) of a coastline</a>. As average temperatures continue to rise, so will the oceans.
Warmer temperatures are melting solid ice into liquid water that flows into the seas. The oceans themselves are heating up, too, <a href="https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/sealevel.html">causing the water to expand</a>. Together, these factors are pushing water levels ever higher. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration reported recently that the next 30 years could cause seas to rise in the coastal United States <a href="https://www.noaa.gov/news-release/us-coastline-to-see-up-to-foot-of-sea-level-rise-by-2050">as much as they did in the past century</a> — about 10 to 12 inches (25 to 30 cm).
“By 2050, moderate flooding ⁠— which is typically disruptive and damaging by today’s weather, sea level and infrastructure standards ⁠— is expected to occur more than 10 times as often as it does today,” said Nicole LeBoeuf, NOAA national ocean service director, in a <a href="https://www.noaa.gov/news-release/us-coastline-to-see-up-to-foot-of-sea-level-rise-by-2050">press release</a>. “These numbers mean a change from a single event every 2-5 years to multiple events each year, in some places.”
Despite the enormous consequences of melting polar ice, there’s a lot scientists still don’t know — including some of the mechanisms behind it, where tipping points may lie, and its ripple effects over the whole planet. But recent studies are bringing one of the most difficult-to-study regions into sharper focus: what scientists can’t see with their own eyes. Their findings could change how much the oceans are expected to rise in the coming decades.
There are two main kinds of ice that shape sea levels. The first is sea ice, which comes from ocean water that freezes solid. It makes up most of the ice at the North Pole. As it forms, it changes the saltiness of seawater and helps shape powerful ocean currents.
Melting sea ice doesn’t change the overall amount of water in the ocean, just as melting ice cubes don’t change the water level in a glass of water. But sea ice tends to reflect sunlight, while the darker ocean tends to soak up its heat. That speeds up warming and drives more ice melt in a worrying <a href="https://extension.umaine.edu/maineclimatenews/2011/07/06/loops-of-change-the-positive-feedback-loops-that-drive-climate-change-part-i/">feedback loop</a>. The warmer temperatures also contribute to the <a href="https://sealevel.nasa.gov/understanding-sea-level/global-sea-level/thermal-expansion">thermal expansion of water</a>, which in turn can raise sea levels.
The second kind of ice is land ice, which builds up in sheets over thousands of years from compacted snow. In Antarctica, the ice sheet is 1.5 miles thick (2.4 km) on average, reaching up to 3 miles (5 km) in some areas. Greenland’s ice sheet averages a mile in thickness. When land ice starts to jut out over the ocean, it creates a floating <a href="https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/quickfacts/iceshelves.html">ice shelf</a>.
Most of the world’s ice shelves are in Antarctica, where they span more than a million square kilometers, or 386,000 square miles. They act as a buttress, slowing down glaciers that would otherwise flow more quickly into the ocean. But as they get thinner or break apart, the glaciers flow into the ocean at a faster rate, raising sea levels.
Ice loss has <a href="https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2018/6/28/17475342/antarctica-ice-melt-thaw-climate-change-sea-level">accelerated in Antarctica</a> in recent years. Every 40 hours, Antarctica loses a billion metric tons of ice, according to a 2018 study, and at least half that loss comes from ice shelves.
Many of these staggering losses are occurring in places that are very hard to monitor. “It’s a hidden world,” said <a href="https://www.bas.ac.uk/profile/rdla/">Robert Larter</a>, a geophysicist at the British Antarctic Survey. “We can see from satellites that the ice is thinning quite dramatically in certain areas, but it’s happening from the bottom up rather than the surface down.”
Scientists are finding innovative new ways to deepen their understanding of these crucial ice shelves, Larter wrote in a recent commentary in the journal <a href="https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2021GL097421">Geophysical Research Letters</a>. The key is measuring the melting that happens below rather than above, a phenomenon called basal melting.
The chilly air above the South Pole tends to keep ice frozen from above and around its edges. But deep Antarctic waters aren’t quite as frigid. “At depth in the Southern Ocean, there is a tremendous amount of heat energy below a few hundred meters down,” said Larter. This warmer water can then come into contact with the underside of ice shelves, causing them to melt.
“Warm” by Antarctic standards means “barely above freezing,” but it’s enough to thin ice shelves. “That is in fact what is the driver of most of the serious ice loss that’s happening in Antarctica at the moment,” Larter said.
<figure class="e-image"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1645498865_5370_2412404" data-cdata='{"asset_id":23254712,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/5fJByT1JhOm5THQ70jT5KptOsuQ=/0x0:2128x1515/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2128x1515):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23254712/grl63741_fig_0001_m.jpeg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/mb5V9T0WVMfjp-zIo-vDz1Lu6d4=/0x0:2128x1515/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2128x1515):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23254712/grl63741_fig_0001_m.jpeg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/-CnHUnra8mxKyPx1qMSdiEKGI_c=/0x0:2128x1515/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2128x1515):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23254712/grl63741_fig_0001_m.jpeg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/gWm9SOMU5-TCD4aH82c4RKpV3mY=/0x0:2128x1515/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2128x1515):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23254712/grl63741_fig_0001_m.jpeg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/yZUFb3eP4KA6XXzqijBrtdC24D8=/0x0:2128x1515/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:2128x1515):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23254712/grl63741_fig_0001_m.jpeg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/9MC9kA9iW30hqRFkOGYIPxy1PwY=/0x0:2128x1515/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2128x1515):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23254712/grl63741_fig_0001_m.jpeg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/yOWPLclpqFHMoxask4d17601b-k=/0x0:2128x1515/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2128x1515):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23254712/grl63741_fig_0001_m.jpeg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/elWg9YHbun6GbmsB00K1RVrpF0c=/0x0:2128x1515/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2128x1515):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23254712/grl63741_fig_0001_m.jpeg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ygW6tkMj9yquGbSRAcBPt-snobQ=/0x0:2128x1515/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2128x1515):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23254712/grl63741_fig_0001_m.jpeg 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="Schematic view and section through Thwaites Glacier Eastern Ice Shelf." data-upload-width="2128" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/JPbZd0QXoSCgkfvYgfGmuj6DQ-M=/0x0:2128x1515/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:2128x1515):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23254712/grl63741_fig_0001_m.jpeg" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/JerXfDf4sKcrTEK61dv62eDaC-o=/0x0:2128x1515/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2128x1515):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23254712/grl63741_fig_0001_m.jpeg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/PB_hYDZvko25ZnfwBezlTxRY0ZA=/0x0:2128x1515/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2128x1515):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23254712/grl63741_fig_0001_m.jpeg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/qn4XLdVFBP2byYQ7EfzDr-7CXT0=/0x0:2128x1515/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2128x1515):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23254712/grl63741_fig_0001_m.jpeg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/KkuZt-JfO9P0DEhI5G07VwZH5nc=/0x0:2128x1515/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2128x1515):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23254712/grl63741_fig_0001_m.jpeg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/9TLJtLQP9jfeOWqgi-PXHU_FrSk=/0x0:2128x1515/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:2128x1515):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23254712/grl63741_fig_0001_m.jpeg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/1XQP-qXZoYDlRxIjQ7AoWauilsc=/0x0:2128x1515/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2128x1515):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23254712/grl63741_fig_0001_m.jpeg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/_xMG_AqTCqWJ7tMCttSVrEu1PIQ=/0x0:2128x1515/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2128x1515):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23254712/grl63741_fig_0001_m.jpeg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/dyTORwPYYQ9r6YpQ_rAyDR6P0Lk=/0x0:2128x1515/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2128x1515):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23254712/grl63741_fig_0001_m.jpeg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/CHBsWDWbrLC9dO3L9cJu7HGqxFU=/0x0:2128x1515/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2128x1515):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23254712/grl63741_fig_0001_m.jpeg 1920w" /></picture>
<figcaption>There are several mechanisms that shape the formation and melt of ice shelves in Antarctica, as seen in this cross-section of the Thwaites Glacier Eastern Ice Shelf.</figcaption>
<cite>Marlo Garnsworthy/Geophysical Research Letters</cite></figure>
Some of the most intense basal melting is happening at the ice shelves around the Thwaites Glacier and the Pine Island Glacier in West Antarctica. For 60 years, the ice front around the Pine Island Glacier stood in place, but between 2015 and 2020, its northern region suddenly retreated more than 30 kilometers. It’s an example of how changes in ice aren’t always slow and steady but can be sudden.
Scientists are probing the melting depths of ice shelves in several ways. They are drilling holes through ice shelves and lowering instruments and robots down below, for example.
But researchers have also found that melting beneath ice shelves can leave telltale signs above. Ice shelves tend to have a smooth surface, but they get rougher as they melt from below, according to a study in <a href="https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2021GL094743">Geophysical Research Letters</a> last year. Measuring surface roughness of ice shelves could become an easy way to gauge how much basal melting is occurring far below. The roughness could be an early warning sign of destabilizing fractures in the ice that could lead to a collapse.
Greenland is home to the second-largest ice sheet on Earth, accounting for 8 percent of the world’s ice, and it too is melting ever faster. But Greenland’s ice loss is different from Antarctica’s in crucial ways.
One is that almost all of Greenland’s ice is on land, with few sections floating on water. The air over Greenland is also warmer, so melting at the surface of the ice sheet is a much more significant driver of ice loss than at the South Pole. In fact, during the summer, thousands of meltwater lakes and streams form on the surface of the ice sheet.
“The ice sheet is melting fast on the surface, and that’s something we don’t see in Antarctica,” said <a href="https://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/people/christoffersen/">Poul Christoffersen</a>, a glaciologist at the Scott Polar Research Institute at the University of Cambridge.
<figure class="e-image"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1645498865_6281_2412405" data-cdata='{"asset_id":23255129,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/V2yq_8y1fSR1j21YzUMIaBmilKA=/0x0:5184x3456/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:5184x3456):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23255129/GettyImages_174473513.jpeg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/9GuzMQtAnW3k0NnEHXVWvQH-DUs=/0x0:5184x3456/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:5184x3456):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23255129/GettyImages_174473513.jpeg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/DR8AkcY34WAKfMx3FXsIJXkmfNA=/0x0:5184x3456/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:5184x3456):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23255129/GettyImages_174473513.jpeg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/JSkpNPlQ0kwj0Z_EXRUULkfm1XQ=/0x0:5184x3456/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:5184x3456):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23255129/GettyImages_174473513.jpeg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/YNsXTWEpxzbp8_5y9HhShoCUlkE=/0x0:5184x3456/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:5184x3456):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23255129/GettyImages_174473513.jpeg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/HY6d5hNr_SLJ6lzLb1y0TVBhmgc=/0x0:5184x3456/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:5184x3456):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23255129/GettyImages_174473513.jpeg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/700MI5naHtuhPygZzvBJiKw4-9I=/0x0:5184x3456/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:5184x3456):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23255129/GettyImages_174473513.jpeg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/rajf8yz3YQ5bW2qY3c6IVJzxsbo=/0x0:5184x3456/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:5184x3456):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23255129/GettyImages_174473513.jpeg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/XF4ZgNCfM8EVez6YX8Y6d8-wJiU=/0x0:5184x3456/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:5184x3456):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23255129/GettyImages_174473513.jpeg 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="Sarah Das from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution walks though a surface meltwater lake on July 16, 2013 on the Glacial Ice Sheet, Greenland. " data-upload-width="5184" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/i6gx_dAMaKBVbKO6R7Et8G--vZU=/0x0:5184x3456/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:5184x3456):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23255129/GettyImages_174473513.jpeg" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/-crfpZHpPjfnN3M4AZ2L12fjkgA=/0x0:5184x3456/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:5184x3456):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23255129/GettyImages_174473513.jpeg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/iqbR0HYvdBMyOG8LQWg_sV2QWdI=/0x0:5184x3456/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:5184x3456):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23255129/GettyImages_174473513.jpeg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/oyKKjbJ69l1yrWsmNaCnQ3hIOso=/0x0:5184x3456/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:5184x3456):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23255129/GettyImages_174473513.jpeg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/HouWZnXUYNM6RJokTFQA_lDTPqA=/0x0:5184x3456/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:5184x3456):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23255129/GettyImages_174473513.jpeg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/EDPS7Qt-DXiEWx5hFPozMiZhe58=/0x0:5184x3456/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:5184x3456):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23255129/GettyImages_174473513.jpeg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/LVjuZeFs0MDy7UJu0ZSzT7B4qYg=/0x0:5184x3456/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:5184x3456):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23255129/GettyImages_174473513.jpeg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/9hK-e0U-llCAv-JYfRjWSXknAio=/0x0:5184x3456/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:5184x3456):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23255129/GettyImages_174473513.jpeg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/9w1ZZV0dWIEFs-DDy3jYvybEmZQ=/0x0:5184x3456/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:5184x3456):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23255129/GettyImages_174473513.jpeg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/nyy7iDH1EzT7lUc95i88WD-NGyA=/0x0:5184x3456/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:5184x3456):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23255129/GettyImages_174473513.jpeg 1920w" /></picture>
<figcaption>Meltwater forms lakes on the surface of Greenland’s ice sheet, but the ice is also melting below, far out of sight.</figcaption>
<cite>Joe Raedle/Getty Images</cite></figure>
The water doesn’t stay on top. It pours through cracks and fissures in the ice, falling more than a mile in some places to the rocky ground below. In a study this week published in the <a href="https://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.2116036119">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</a>, Christoffersen and his colleagues revealed that this is melting Greenland’s ice sheet from below.
Like the water that rushes through a hydroelectric dam, falling meltwater carries an immense amount of kinetic energy. That energy causes water to warm as it pools beneath the ice sheet. This in turn triggers basal melting. “The melt rates are actually astounding,” said Christoffersen. He estimated peak basal melt rates on the Greenland ice sheet to be 100 times greater than previous estimates that didn’t include this heat source.
The water sandwiched between the ground and the ice sheet also acts as a lubricant, allowing the ice sheet to slide more easily toward the ocean. But because this water is hidden from view, researchers only have a spotty picture of what’s going on. “We don’t really know a lot about these systems,” Christoffersen said. “Are they large rivers or a myriad of small streams, or even tiny films?”
Researchers estimated that these factors would increase the overall melt rate of Greenland by 8 percent. “It doesn’t sound like much, but anybody [who] has ever had a mortgage at 8 percent, they know it’s pretty painful,” Christoffersen said. That means over the coming years, Greenland’s contributions to sea level rise around the world may be greater than previously thought.
These latest findings further confirm that Earth’s cryosphere — its frozen regions — is in trouble. There are forces at work that scientists are only now starting to appreciate.
A better understanding of melting ice helps us imagine the future and prepare for what’s coming. It could help people decide whether to adapt to rising seas, for example with sea walls and elevating buildings, or retreat from coastal areas altogether. But researchers caution that there’s a lot left to study, and the ice could cross a threshold of no return.
For instance, the thinning ice shelves in West Antarctica could enter a cycle of collapse. They could lose enough mass that they fall apart, and the glaciers they keep on land would flow into the ocean much faster.
“There are theoretical scenarios where it could run away,” Larter said. “Once it starts, it would be very difficult to stop.” These potential <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/guest-post-identifying-three-tipping-points-in-antarcticas-pine-island-glacier">tipping points</a> are some of the biggest uncertainties for predicting sea level rise, particularly after 2050.
The other major uncertainty — and potential source of hope — is what humans will do about climate change. Confronted with the ice already lost and the growing threats of rising seas, people could start cutting greenhouse gas emissions drastically enough to stave off some of the worst possibilities for sea level rise.
Or countries could continue on the path toward disaster, allowing the planet to heat up further. For billions of people around the world, the future is on thin ice.
 
 
source <a href="https://www.vox.com/22939545/antarctica-greenland-ice-sheet-shelf-glacier-melt-climate-sea-level-rise">https://www.vox.com/22939545/antarctica-greenland-ice-sheet-shelf-glacier-melt-climate-sea-level-rise</a>

vox The hidden melting of the most important ice on Earth, explained

The largest ice masses on the planet contain so much water that they’re increasing sea levels around the globe as temperatures rise. Satelli...

Canada Moves to Make Asset Freezing Under Emergencies Act Permanent

One day before Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau invoked emergency powers to crack down on anti-vaccine mandate protesters, state media outlet CBC published material claiming that ‘freedom’ is now a “far right” concept.
A CBC article argues that freedom is now a “malleable term” and is “open to interpretation,” citing its use by the Canadian trucker convoy, which the piece suggests is a far right movement.
CBC quotes Barbara Perry, the director of the Centre on Hate, Bias and Extremism at Ontario Tech University, who claims freedom “is a term that has resonated…. You can define it and understand it and sort of manipulate it in a way that makes sense to you and is useful to you, depending on your perspective.”
Perry wheeled out the inevitable January 6th comparison, stating “I think it… maybe takes some inspiration from what we’ve been seeing in the U.S. over the last year and a half or so, leading up to the last election and events of Jan. 6.”
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The article also quotes another “expert”, Elisabeth Anker, an associate professor of political science at George Washington University, who argues that “Freedom is a slippery concept.”
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"On the far right, [individual freedom] is often translated into somebody who refuses to be bound by norms of equality, treating all people equally or norms to remedy inequality," says Elisabeth Anker, author of Ugly Freedoms.<a href="https://t.co/eY8mslpYFy">https://t.co/eY8mslpYFy</a>
— CBC Radio (@cbcradio) <a href="https://twitter.com/cbcradio/status/1492891317042487299?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 13, 2022</a></blockquote>
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Anker states “On the far right, [individual freedom] is often translated into somebody who refuses to be bound by norms of equality, treating all people equally or norms to remedy inequality, whether that’s trying to remedy racial discrimination or gender discrimination.”
The “professor” also said that when right wingers exercise their rights it is “violent freedom,” that can easily lead to danger, discrimination and be anti-democratic.
CBC is the same network that has been pushing crackpot misinformation including the notion that the truckers <a href="https://summit.news/2022/02/14/video-canadian-media-still-pushing-crackpot-theory-that-truckers-are-russian-agents/">are really Russian agents</a>.
Another Canadian media outlet, the Globe & Mail also jumped aboard the ‘freedom is hate’ bandwagon with this piece:
<figure class="wp-block-embed-twitter wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-twitter"></figure>
The author Gary Mason states that freedom is “a word that has become code for white-identity politics and the far-right’s weapon of choice in the culture wars,” adding that it “has not always been a concept usurped for selfish, malicious purposes.”
Or maybe freedom is the right to protest and say no when a government attempts to force you to undergo a medical procedure?
The Canadian Civil Liberties Association reacted to Trudeau invoking the Emergencies Act, and reports of bank accounts of supporters of the convoy being frozen:
<figure class="wp-block-embed-twitter wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-twitter">
<div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper" readability="6.9047619047619">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-width="550" data-dnt="true" readability="7.3650793650794">
Governments regularly deal with difficult situations, and do so using powers granted to them by democratically elected representatives. Emergency legislation should not be normalized. It threatens our democracy and our civil liberties. <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/cdnpoli?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#cdnpoli</a>
— Canadian Civil Liberties Association (@cancivlib) <a href="https://twitter.com/cancivlib/status/1493383583091863553?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 15, 2022</a></blockquote>
</div>
</figure>
The statement also noted “The federal government has not met the threshold necessary to invoke the Emergencies Act. This law creates a high and clear standard for good reason: the Act allows government to bypass ordinary democratic processes. This standard has not been met.”
Conservative Canadian MP Pierre Poilievre slammed Trudeau Monday, calling for an end to COVID restrictions and to stop punishing people in Canada who are calling for their freedoms back.
<figure class="wp-block-embed-twitter wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-twitter"></figure>
The Truckers themselves have <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/feb/14/canada-protests-justin-trudeau-use-rare-emergency-powers">vowed to “hold the line”</a> despite Trudeau’s efforts to criminalise them.
“No matter what you do, we will hold the line,” said organiser Tamara Lich, adding “There are no threats that will frighten us. We will hold the line.”
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source <a href="https://summit.news/2022/02/21/canada-moves-to-make-asset-freezing-under-emergencies-act-permanent/">https://summit.news/2022/02/21/canada-moves-to-make-asset-freezing-under-emergencies-act-permanent/</a>

revolution summit Canada Moves to Make Asset Freezing Under Emergencies Act Permanent

One day before Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau invoked emergency powers to crack down on anti-vaccine mandate protesters, state media...

Inflation could cost Democrats control of Congress

The incumbent president’s party <a href="https://www.vox.com/22899204/midterm-elections-president-biden-thermostatic-opinion">almost always struggles</a> during midterm elections. But President Joe Biden may face a particular challenge no president has faced in midterms for nearly 50 years: declining incomes <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/11/10/inflation-has-taken-away-all-the-wage-gains-for-workers-and-then-some.html">due to high inflation</a>.
This is rare. University of Denver political scientist <a href="https://www.mischiefsoffaction.com/post/2022-midterm-forecast">Seth Masket has modeled</a> how changes in real per capita disposable income are related to midterm results for the president’s party. The metric helps capture how the economy is experienced by the average voter: are their wages going up or down, when adjusted for inflation? Can they afford more things, or fewer?
The data covers 1950 to 2018, and it spans 18 midterm elections. In 15 of these midterms, real incomes were increasing. Only three midterms featured negative real income growth by Masket’s metric, and all went badly for the president’s party, with two being among the worst performances in modern times.
When I updated these numbers with the latest economic metrics under Biden, they didn’t look good:
<figure class="e-image"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1645457450_7488_1235715" data-cdata='{"asset_id":23256779,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/c6qsp0EvGQhH0BGq23Zv9Pcu4mw=/0x0:1513x981/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1513x981):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23256779/Midterms_Chart_7_final.png 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/t6Zh1bLedESEgkvCL7SW5511ki0=/0x0:1513x981/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1513x981):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23256779/Midterms_Chart_7_final.png 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/I5hrafFcXT9SvGYLWpg1xMnXGvY=/0x0:1513x981/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1513x981):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23256779/Midterms_Chart_7_final.png 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/cZBgJ29EZj0sQAtF_vRdcdFWttA=/0x0:1513x981/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1513x981):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23256779/Midterms_Chart_7_final.png 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/7GCHbTHxr2HFfjzT6MlSeUncclQ=/0x0:1513x981/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:1513x981):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23256779/Midterms_Chart_7_final.png 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/RsPEcYQeTtgODQtBlRgKjPRCEoo=/0x0:1513x981/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1513x981):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23256779/Midterms_Chart_7_final.png 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/LE8h5bNLktskMJOmTKiBJZrjgrk=/0x0:1513x981/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1513x981):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23256779/Midterms_Chart_7_final.png 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/kqto0wgHU-bjICnoYrAVYCU_YT4=/0x0:1513x981/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1513x981):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23256779/Midterms_Chart_7_final.png 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/LbsusUnoMlkpAQ4lqDGrv8OOE9E=/0x0:1513x981/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1513x981):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23256779/Midterms_Chart_7_final.png 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="" data-upload-width="1513" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/F5ZzEG8y5Y69dAzgQ23Yu2uRQek=/0x0:1513x981/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:1513x981):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23256779/Midterms_Chart_7_final.png" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/t4aEGTywqWX0prTkoDaA1Ud2b8k=/0x0:1513x981/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1513x981):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23256779/Midterms_Chart_7_final.png 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/8vKHxeT6MR7jbf-oEI43wLlqni0=/0x0:1513x981/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1513x981):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23256779/Midterms_Chart_7_final.png 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Ihd5rP6J6D-j8ditmX2HZiWPNvY=/0x0:1513x981/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1513x981):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23256779/Midterms_Chart_7_final.png 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/YUcvHIyZ5MxvpdPkGv5TjEuwOqg=/0x0:1513x981/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1513x981):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23256779/Midterms_Chart_7_final.png 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/HryO2Wr5LhMGSPmO4EHCjU4CxZ0=/0x0:1513x981/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:1513x981):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23256779/Midterms_Chart_7_final.png 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/f4Mjms1UdjDnIB_rnTwfZPW6GS0=/0x0:1513x981/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1513x981):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23256779/Midterms_Chart_7_final.png 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/CIs9yGXIh6DZTZmxgqvvkgur8PA=/0x0:1513x981/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1513x981):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23256779/Midterms_Chart_7_final.png 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/jKhL2zShDON1GCcpGkRt3rN8dYI=/0x0:1513x981/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1513x981):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23256779/Midterms_Chart_7_final.png 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/hsjxoyRniSZsCyGAzn3rRMJBvjA=/0x0:1513x981/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1513x981):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23256779/Midterms_Chart_7_final.png 1920w" /></picture>
<figcaption>The president’s party’s midterm performance and real income growth. Check out <a class="ql-link" href="https://www.mischiefsoffaction.com/post/2022-midterm-forecast" target="_blank">Mischiefs of Faction</a> for another look at this data.</figcaption>
<cite>Andrew Prokop / Vox</cite></figure>
Depending on how you slice this data, it may look a bit different. Masket compared, specifically, real income growth from the second quarter of the year before the midterms, to the second quarter of the midterm election year. (He also plotted that against loss of House seats, while I used the national House vote results.)
A <a href="https://www.dallasfed.org/research/economics/2022/0215">study by researchers at the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas</a> found that real wage growth during the pandemic has been “slightly positive” once changes in composition of the workforce are controlled for. That Dallas study, though, also found that real wage growth turned negative in the second half of 2021 because inflation shot up.
And as <a href="https://twitter.com/smotus/status/1494339828783087619?s=12">Masket points out</a>, there is a complication here. The three midterms here with negative income growth — 1954, 1958, and 1974 — all occurred in the midst of, or right after, recessions. This year, there is continuing disruption due to the Covid-19 pandemic, but the economy is growing strongly and only briefly fell into recession at the beginning of 2020. Other metrics are rosier: GDP growth <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2022/01/27/gdp-2021-q4-economy/">looks good</a> and the unemployment rate is low. This is a bit of a different situation than prior periods of negative income growth and, Masket <a href="https://twitter.com/smotus/status/1494339828783087619?s=12">tweeted</a>, it “adds to the uncertainty” about this year.
Still, large majorities of poll respondents <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/06/upshot/inflation-psychology-economy.html">have been</a> <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/27/business/economy/biden-economy-politics.html">saying</a> they think the economy is in bad shape and that Biden hasn’t been handling it well. Biden’s approval rating <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/11/3/22761425/joe-biden-approval-virginia-new-jersey">started declining</a> more rapidly in the second half of last year, as inflation began really picking up, and it’s currently <a href="https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/biden-approval-rating/">around 41 percent</a>. According to NBC News, the <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/biden-recast-road-test-economic-message-state-union-rcna16600">White House is trying</a> to brainstorm a new economic message — but there may be no substitute for improving workers’ real wages.
 
 
source <a href="https://www.vox.com/2022/2/21/22936218/inflation-biden-midterms-democrats">https://www.vox.com/2022/2/21/22936218/inflation-biden-midterms-democrats</a>

vox Inflation could cost Democrats control of Congress

The incumbent president’s party almost always struggles during midterm elections. But President Joe Biden may face a particular challenge n...

Police Harass, Arrest & Beat Canadian Freedom Convoy Protesters in Ottawa — Sunday Night Live

<div><img class="ff-og-image-inserted" src="https://api-assets.infowars.com/2022/02/ottawapolice287467890.jpg" /></div>
Owen Shroyer breaks down the latest developments from Ottawa, where Trudeau’s law enforcement thugs have violently cleared most of the Freedom Convoy from downtown, with the Ottawa police chief threatening to hunt down and punish the protesters regardless of whether they “retreated and went home.”
Boost your natural defenses with our powerful <a href="https://www.infowarsstore.com/winter-sun-vitamin-d?ims=pabks&utm_campaign=wintersunhero&utm_source=Infowars+Hero&utm_medium=banner&utm_content=wintersunhero" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Winter Sun Plus Vitamin D</a> formula, now at 50% off!
Police Harass, Arrest, and Beat Canadian Freedom Convoy in Ottawa
 
 
source <a href="https://www.infowars.com/posts/police-harass-arrest-beat-canadian-freedom-convoy-protesters-in-ottawa-sunday-night-live">https://www.infowars.com/posts/police-harass-arrest-beat-canadian-freedom-convoy-protesters-in-ottawa-sunday-night-live</a>

news Police Harass, Arrest & Beat Canadian Freedom Convoy Protesters in Ottawa — Sunday Night Live

Owen Shroyer breaks down the latest developments from Ottawa, where Trudeau’s law enforcement thugs have violently cleared most of the Free...

Canadian Great Reset Tyranny

<div><img class="ff-og-image-inserted" src="https://api-assets.infowars.com/2022/02/trudeau294716247890.jpg" /></div>
The next step on the New World Order Agenda is being normalized by Justin Trudeau’s unprecedented power grab. And very soon the graduates of tyranny will follow suit, creating an environment ripe for False Flag Order out of Chaos.
Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau won’t be able to stop himself from breaking up families and destroying their pets, as Biden’s January 6th Gulag playbook will be repeated over the coming months.
The Dictatorial pandemic has only just begun. Trudeau knows that he can rule at the discretion of the monarchy with no term limit in sight. But Section 2 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedom will eventually catch up to him.
Boost your natural defenses with our powerful <a href="https://www.infowarsstore.com/winter-sun-vitamin-d?ims=pabks&utm_campaign=wintersunhero&utm_source=Infowars+Hero&utm_medium=banner&utm_content=wintersunhero" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Winter Sun Plus Vitamin D</a> formula, now at 50% off!
<hr class="wp-block-separator" />
 
 
source <a href="https://www.infowars.com/posts/canadian-great-reset-tyranny">https://www.infowars.com/posts/canadian-great-reset-tyranny</a>

news Canadian Great Reset Tyranny

The next step on the New World Order Agenda is being normalized by Justin Trudeau’s unprecedented power grab. And very soon the graduates o...

Maximum Red Alert Sunday Emergency Broadcast: Western Leaders Claim War With Russia Has Already Begun + MTG Live In Studio

<div><img class="ff-og-image-inserted" src="https://api-assets.infowars.com/2022/02/wiguhawelkjugyu.jpg" /></div>
Alex Jones is joined by Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene (R-Ga.) in-studio to break down Joe Biden’s insane push for war with Russia to distract from his policy disasters. We’ll also discuss how people around the world are wising up to the World Economic Forum’s Great Reset agenda as Western governments lean toward crushing dissenters of COVID mandates by force as their narratives collapse.
Boost your natural defenses with our powerful <a href="https://www.infowarsstore.com/winter-sun-vitamin-d?ims=pabks&utm_campaign=wintersunhero&utm_source=Infowars+Hero&utm_medium=banner&utm_content=wintersunhero" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Winter Sun Plus Vitamin D</a> formula, now at 50% off!
 
 
source <a href="https://www.infowars.com/posts/sunday-live-great-reset-in-jeopardy-as-countries-wake-up-to-world-economic-forums-control-over-governments">https://www.infowars.com/posts/sunday-live-great-reset-in-jeopardy-as-countries-wake-up-to-world-economic-forums-control-over-governments</a>

news Maximum Red Alert Sunday Emergency Broadcast: Western Leaders Claim War With Russia Has Already Begun + MTG Live In Studio

Alex Jones is joined by Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene (R-Ga.) in-studio to break down Joe Biden’s insane push for war with Russia to distract...