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We tried to recreate this famous photo of a ghost

<div><img class="ff-og-image-inserted" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/xXI-Ir5l6kCOtvbFj84L2UfD7K8=/0x38:1920x1043/fit-in/1200x630/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23219284/thumb_clean.jpeg" /></div>
In the mid-1800s, the development of exciting new forms of communication, like photography and the telegraph, was considered miraculous. This technology also coincided with a new religious movement becoming popular in the US and Europe: spiritualism. Spiritualists believed that, through the use of a medium, contact with the dead was possible. During the bloody American Civil War (1861-1865), belief in spiritualism grew.
It was during this time that William Mumler, an amateur photographer in Boston, claimed he could photograph ghosts. He and his wife Hannah, herself a professional photographer and spiritualist medium, created a stir in Boston by selling these “spirit portraits,” and attracted the attention of skeptics and fellow spiritualists alike. Professional photographers in Boston investigated Mumler’s method again and again but couldn’t figure out how he did his trick.
After accusations of fraud piled up in Boston, the Mumlers relocated to New York City, then considered the photography capital of the US. Here, Mumler was quickly arrested on fraud charges, and his trial was sensationalized in New York newspapers. The prosecution even brought in circus showman P.T. Barnum to testify against Mumler. But, like the photographers in Boston, no one could unequivocally identify his method. Mumler was acquitted.
After the trial, the Mumlers’ spirit photography business boomed. They photographed prominent Americans, including Mary Todd Lincoln and William Lloyd Garrison, and even took mail-in orders from people who couldn’t travel to their studio. We visited photographic process historian Mark Osterman to demonstrate how Mumler could have used two negatives, printed simultaneously with a bit of sleight of hand, to fool witnesses into believing his “ghosts” were the real thing.
Darkroom is a history and photography series that anchors each episode around a single image. Analyzing what the photo shows (or doesn’t show) provides context that helps unravel a wider story. Watch previous episodes <a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ8cMiYb3G5ce8J4P5j5qOEtYR94Z3DQs">here</a>.
Further reading:
You can find this video and all of <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCLXo7UDZvByw2ixzpQCufnA">Vox’s videos on YouTube</a>.
 
 
source <a href="https://www.vox.com/22918581/mumler-victorian-spirit-ghost-photography">https://www.vox.com/22918581/mumler-victorian-spirit-ghost-photography</a>

vox We tried to recreate this famous photo of a ghost

In the mid-1800s, the development of exciting new forms of communication, like photography and the telegraph, was considered miraculous. Th...

How I learned to stop wincing and appreciate Jackass

I’m Alissa Wilkinson, and this is Jackassathon.
Every Jackass stunt begins this way, an introduction to a deceptively simple task, and here was mine: Having never seen a Jackass movie, I agree to attend a nine-hour extravaganza to right the wrong. Jackass: The Movie (2002) and Jackass Number Two (2006) would screen, in glorious 35mm, at the Museum of the Moving Image in Queens. Jackass 3D (2010) would follow, in actual 3D. And then Jackass Forever would premiere, one night before its four-times-delayed theatrical release. The whole thing would be followed by a chat with head Jackasses Johnny Knoxville, who stars in the series as a kind of semi-benevolent rubber-jointed Joker, and Spike Jonze, who’s produced them all while simultaneously winning acclaim and sometimes Oscars for movies like Her, Where the Wild Things Are, and Adaptation. A banner day, a gauntlet, the kind of stunt that made my friends say things like “Oh, buddy” and “Wow.”
So on Thursday at 1 pm, fortified only by a shot of tequila and a quick snack hurriedly located between my subway stop and the museum, clad in an extra-strength mask and some comfy pants, I jacked in. Time to party.
To be alive in the world is to know the basic gist of the Jackass saga, even if it was just so you knew you didn’t want to see it. It’s right there in the name. A bunch of dudes named things like Chris and Bam and, in Jackass Forever, “Poopies” engage in truly loony activities ring-led by Knoxville that threaten life and limb. And we laugh. And so do they. No plot. No thesis. No point to make.
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<figcaption>Johnny Knoxville getting bit by a baby alligator, on purpose, in Jackass: The Movie.</figcaption>
<cite>Paramount/Everett Collection</cite></figure>
But a lot of people have wanted to see it. The first film, based on the group’s short-lived but wildly popular MTV show, was shot for $5 million, then turned around and made almost $80 million at the global box office. It starts with the cast rolling down a hill in an enormous shopping cart, then getting chunks of what looks like cement shot at them from cannons before they crash into a fruit stand. The second film, with its titular scatological wink, pulled in $85 million. Jackass 3D made $171 million worldwide. As others have noted, the Jackass franchise has extended surprisingly long tendrils into American entertainment, from <a href="https://www.gq.com/story/johnny-knoxvilles-last-rodeo">the internet’s ability to make anyone a star</a> to its harnessing of <a href="https://www.thrillist.com/entertainment/nation/jackass-movie-legacy">cinematic innovation</a> toward outrageously and insistently lowbrow ends.
There’s a taxonomy of Jackass-ery, as one might discover while watching them all straight through. There are pranks, like rigging up an enormous hand to thwack your buddy unawares or tricking him into, I don’t know, getting into a limo filled with bees. There are stunts, like Knoxville’s many attempts to drive vehicles of various sorts off of ramps and into places those vehicles should not go. And then there’s just nothing-good-can-come-of-this dares: Will you jam your fist into this bear trap? Will you bungee out of this tree tethered only by your tighty-whities in pursuit of a truly wicked wedgie? Will you drink this cup of horse semen? Meanwhile, someone is seemingly always vomiting off or on camera, and the rest of the crew is laughing. It’s not like slapstick, exactly, because people really do get hurt. It’s just that they get over it and go back for more.
Mostly, it feels like being trapped at a bachelor party weekend with a bunch of good-natured 11-year-olds, which I do not mean in a bad way. The Jackass guys give off a distinct whiff, psychically but probably also literally, of a gaggle of boys in the throes of puberty who have never been so much as looked at by a girl. Left to the bliss of their own, uninhibited company, they are fascinated by the fact that they have penises, but only to figure out what weird things they can do with and to them. They slam into walls for fun; they find farts and tricks involving butts and fire hilarious; their moms are always saying, “But I just don’t understand why you would do that,” and in answer they merely shrug. There’s no reason to poop in a display toilet in a hardware store, except that — as Knoxville says a time or two — it just seemed really funny at the time.
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<figcaption>The cast of Jackass 3D in an exploding room at the end of the film.</figcaption>
<cite>Paramount Pictures</cite></figure>
Of course, in Jackass: The Movie, almost all the guys are in their 20s. That was 20 years ago. So the films are documentaries about what happens when that impulse is given free but largely harmless rein, extended far into adulthood and filmed by the subjects. (The crew don’t often participate in the stunts, but they have to get mighty close to them, with occasional vomitous consequences.) Over the years there have been sobering changes — one conspicuously missing cast member in Jackass Forever is Ryan Dunn, who died in a car crash in 2011 — but for the most part, watching all four in a row is a feast of genial idiocy that documents whose body changed with fame and who got another tattoo and when they all start to go gray. It’s not unlike binge-watching the Seven Up documentary series.
I knew what I was getting myself into. As one character asks another in Jackass 3D, “What did you think was going to happen?”
What did happen: Yeah, okay, I left with a raging headache and some bright spots in my peripheral vision, and the feeling of being hungover even though that one tequila was it for the day.
But having been stewed in Jackass’s juices all day, watching guys superglue themselves to one another and then scream as they’re ripped apart, I pondered just what, in a cosmic sense, I was watching.
What Jackass isn’t is mean. With a couple of (mostly early) exceptions, it’s not the kind of humor that leans on misogyny or racism to be funny. And it isn’t trying to expose anyone for their foolishness who isn’t already exuberantly engaged in being foolish on purpose. When pranks involve people outside the group — the owner of a rental car agency, a man on the street horrified at the actions of Knoxville costumed as a “bad grandpa,” a sushi chef trying to ignore the guy taking wasabi lines up the nose across the counter from him — it’s they who are the reasonable ones, and the Jackasses who are just being idiots. We presume (and sometimes confirm) that they smoothed it all over after they got the shot. In this way, the movies feel different from the aims and goals of an adjacent property, Sacha Baron Cohen’s Borat, which is working in a different and satirical register (more similar perhaps is the largely improvised Bad Trip, starring Forever addition Eric Andre). There’s no satire to Jackass. It is, proudly and unabashedly, itself.
That said, there’s still a reason for its existence, and that reason is not merely giant box office returns. Somewhere in the middle of Jackass Number Two, probably when cast member Steve-O was getting a fish hook stuck through his cheek so he could swim with sharks and then get reeled in by his buddy, I started thinking about the medieval Feast of Fools.
<figure class="e-image"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1644107752_5891_417959" data-cdata='{"asset_id":23218677,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/IZ_SSGAPpWc33e-u7SORS6LQUQQ=/0x0:3000x2000/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218677/jackass5.jpeg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/RSZUTvBbwrYpiVgS4l4ZWytR6gs=/0x0:3000x2000/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218677/jackass5.jpeg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/XXZASy8l3thoiBOUiSB4lpcgTo8=/0x0:3000x2000/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218677/jackass5.jpeg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/gvATyxJui1lTN8OBJGzMeeTC41E=/0x0:3000x2000/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218677/jackass5.jpeg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/9JWamA6tN3-KUf1jLEcOFBMohMU=/0x0:3000x2000/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218677/jackass5.jpeg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/e9BaRaodDJY8t6mAbwvU7YNYlrM=/0x0:3000x2000/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218677/jackass5.jpeg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/bPp469TUz5zUMMlTEPQhevTH0l8=/0x0:3000x2000/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218677/jackass5.jpeg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/5gQMM1RHAHhxGHUs2kFSC7GSt9U=/0x0:3000x2000/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218677/jackass5.jpeg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/nAfNSlUXRsMsfVvxEkImulFA_sQ=/0x0:3000x2000/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218677/jackass5.jpeg 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="Three people in mime costumes and Johnny Knoxville watch as one of the mimes puckers up at a snake." data-upload-width="3000" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/twGv9kT32AL2Zu-SMgw1iUtjD-s=/0x0:3000x2000/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218677/jackass5.jpeg" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/nW3LvzzVVedSJ5zF1_zhENq3VvA=/0x0:3000x2000/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218677/jackass5.jpeg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Z_oNL-diL2tIs5sVLq3QosJslmk=/0x0:3000x2000/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218677/jackass5.jpeg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/wkJgcfTtbhKDL8g1Vrj6BR4sBZ4=/0x0:3000x2000/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218677/jackass5.jpeg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/oZcfRLrkekWijyJLthWT32r71rI=/0x0:3000x2000/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218677/jackass5.jpeg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/vN01OQ4iUu15d9E5DKN9iJe2kTM=/0x0:3000x2000/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218677/jackass5.jpeg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/HXiAjWkfGvS7FWxe7vKc2_Oj0ZA=/0x0:3000x2000/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218677/jackass5.jpeg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/p62wIEOsYzitwgfkF0I-4XF3-yQ=/0x0:3000x2000/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218677/jackass5.jpeg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/8Wzbe4hSyAsZ3Hx4jEydA4wFKfg=/0x0:3000x2000/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218677/jackass5.jpeg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/hXOH4Oh-lo__b59EY9y3kl3uskE=/0x0:3000x2000/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218677/jackass5.jpeg 1920w" /></picture>
<figcaption>There are new cast members this time, too, who have to dress up like mimes and maybe kiss a snake?</figcaption>
<cite>Paramount Pictures</cite></figure>
We don’t know a whole lot about the Feast of Fools, but the general outlines have stuck: Around the turn of the year, participants in the feast, often clergy, would appoint some kind of leader for the day — a fake bishop, a fake pope. They’d flip the clergy hierarchy, and low-ranking clergy would perform a mass that mocked the higher-ranked. It was (understandably) controversial, and the practice had all but died out by the 16th century. But it was a moment of catharsis, a way to let off steam and then let life kind of return to normal.
I found myself thinking about the fools of the feast, not because they’re a perfect analogue, but because the whole reason to watch Jackass is to participate in the mayhem. Everyone is temporarily given their Chaos Muppet hall pass; everyone is in on the joke. And what is the joke? That there are all these things you’re not supposed to do in life — slingshot yourself on a skateboard across a blow-up pool, fart into a funnel connected to your friend’s helmet, pogo-stick your buddy’s crotch, squash your genitalia flat — that most of us, frankly, would never even want to do, and never will. In the Jackass world, the rules get turned from “thou shalt nots” to “thou absolutely musts,” if just for a couple of hours.
So the dream remains, and the Jackasses get up and just do it for us. If you’ve seen a Jackass movie in a theater (and honestly, that is the One True Place for watching it), then you know that at least 50 percent of the sound effects come from the crowd. (By Jackass 3D, my whole room of fellow ’thoners was groaning merely at the appearance of a tube of superglue.) A bunch of the audience are almost certainly, like me, the kind of people who won’t even hover our fingers within a couple inches of an electrical socket, but the kind of cleansing relief of watching the weirdly pure goofballs onscreen tase one another lets us return to our own lives of seat belts and fully cooked, unregurgitated food a little lighter.
<figure class="e-image"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1644107752_1471_417960" data-cdata='{"asset_id":23218674,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/o-d8YJcAMvFkVDz737PcfzEfWbo=/0x0:1296x730/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1296x730):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218674/jackass4.jpeg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/3dfceaEYxXw-M5qPDTpPhe1XZWw=/0x0:1296x730/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1296x730):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218674/jackass4.jpeg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/J2HniftJY3T6c0It0Xc8ybn_nWw=/0x0:1296x730/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1296x730):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218674/jackass4.jpeg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/0Wo31XzoBRmwNfjFqZHUSqzUxOs=/0x0:1296x730/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1296x730):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218674/jackass4.jpeg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ZriFRFRN-_jVw-FWM5tY_2n1Vfo=/0x0:1296x730/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:1296x730):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218674/jackass4.jpeg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/E-DsgAcU8x321uUldQdBd2GaYUc=/0x0:1296x730/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1296x730):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218674/jackass4.jpeg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/LPp7fR76oJo2jeGc3utUCN0yorQ=/0x0:1296x730/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1296x730):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218674/jackass4.jpeg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/vFGL5fOdoyLrmLj5rMXkfqlHEPk=/0x0:1296x730/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1296x730):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218674/jackass4.jpeg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/tV97QrUQZcqdag2tjbKKfl7dDLs=/0x0:1296x730/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1296x730):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218674/jackass4.jpeg 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="Three guys in weird clothes stand in front of a pool. You can see two enormous hands behind them." data-upload-width="1296" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/u_o0N-n9TBNylDz6Mc3CcyD2vsU=/0x0:1296x730/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:1296x730):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218674/jackass4.jpeg" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/_ILBnvVtlF6fECMoc1OQ3I7VeaI=/0x0:1296x730/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1296x730):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218674/jackass4.jpeg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Nv5TfaA_VfX1rP6AmQ8kAhDdu3A=/0x0:1296x730/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1296x730):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218674/jackass4.jpeg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/c8Nyw5One1WfId5OJPpGxlTqKrY=/0x0:1296x730/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1296x730):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218674/jackass4.jpeg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/067gS_MNpIXtvMOm9RuSG2sZWJ8=/0x0:1296x730/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1296x730):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218674/jackass4.jpeg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/YJmrw3Sv-WyAYor1Ten1GKmYoKk=/0x0:1296x730/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:1296x730):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218674/jackass4.jpeg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/zPIK_8l5CNstzk0JcIIrTBsBAeE=/0x0:1296x730/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1296x730):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218674/jackass4.jpeg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Gr_yhQ59ScwpXQ3fuSCNNr5wCS0=/0x0:1296x730/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1296x730):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218674/jackass4.jpeg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/qP5upUmsJOH02ONTH4oBnhSgU3o=/0x0:1296x730/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1296x730):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218674/jackass4.jpeg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/TIW1zrnedgMnqQpnUOyQnkHWZvw=/0x0:1296x730/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1296x730):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218674/jackass4.jpeg 1920w" /></picture>
<figcaption>Machine Gun Kelly, Johnny Knoxville, and Steve-O in Jackass Forever.</figcaption>
<cite>Sean Cliver/Paramount Pictures</cite></figure>
That they’ve caught it on tape reinforces the fool’s impulse. They are definitely doing this for themselves. But they’re doing it for us — documenting it not to simply observe human behavior but to provoke our own, to remind us that no matter how many degrees we’ve earned or how finely tuned our comedy sense is, there is something basely funny about a blindfolded guy getting kicked in the nuts by a donkey.
A whole generation of kids, probably particularly the masculine variety, learned what funny was from Jackass and went on to replicate it in their mall parking lots and dorm rooms. Jackass Forever is the first of the films to add new cast, because Knoxville and his pals are hovering around 50 these days and a lot more brittle; the new members are delighted to be in the movie we used to watch! And who can blame them? They have taken on a high, low calling: to be the fools who prostrate themselves across a pile of mousetraps or take an enormous belly flop for the camera, for us.
But whether you envy the guys onscreen or want to shake them a little, if you find yourself settled into the Jackass groove, it’s pretty hard to resist. The obvious affection between all of the guys, who beat on each other, yell at each other, and then hug it out and do it all over again. The excitement of watching guys who you know probably walked away from the stunt on their own power but also are taking it on the chin without any typical stuntman precautions. The eye-bugging realization that they are really going to go there this time; the upping of the ante; the matryoshka-style stunts where you think it’s going to be one prank and then it’s a whole bigger, badder prank. The impulse to do it, and to watch, is in its way a proudly, baldly, loopy celebration of these weird, smelly, gross, hilarious bodies we all have and the world we let them roam around in.
I stumbled into the night after Jackass Forever with aching cheeks from laughing, a sore derriere from sitting, and a little bit of gratitude to inhabit a planet with people who don’t mind being fools on purpose. Will I attempt the stunt again? Absolutely not. Did I have a blast? You bet.
Jackass Forever is playing in theaters.
 
 
source <a href="https://www.vox.com/22918197/jackass-forever-review-marathon">https://www.vox.com/22918197/jackass-forever-review-marathon</a>

vox How I learned to stop wincing and appreciate Jackass

I’m Alissa Wilkinson, and this is Jackassathon. Every Jackass stunt begins this way, an introduction to a deceptively simple task, and here...

Video: Virginia Mother Slams School Officials Over “Asinine Political Theater” Mask Mandate

A 21-year-old Greek footballer suffered a sudden cardiac arrest just five minutes into a game before subsequently dying.
The tragedy happened to Alexandros Lampis at the First Municipal Stadium yesterday while he was playing for third division team Ilioupoli.
Owing to there being no defibrillator, attempts to resuscitate Lampis at the stadium failed, and despite the ground being located within a suburb of the capital of Athens, an ambulance didn’t arrive for 20 minutes.
“Football has been rocked by a series of high-profile incidents among players,” reports the Daily Mail.
“Sergio Aguero was forced to retire after experiencing chest pains playing for Barcelona while there were also scares for Victor Lindelof and Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang.”
“This season, Wigan striker Charlie Wyke, 28, collapsed in training, Sheffield United’s John Fleck, 30, collapsed on the pitch at Reading and Adama Traore, 25, went down clutching his chest while playing in the Champions League for Sheriff Tiraspol against Real Madrid.”
“Icelandic midfielder Emil Palsson, 28, also required resuscitation after a cardiac arrest in October.”
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-width="550" data-dnt="true" readability="6.7924528301887">
NEW – Greek footballer aged just 21 dies after suffering a cardiac arrest on the pitch.<a href="https://t.co/wMDNYKYq0i">https://t.co/wMDNYKYq0i</a>
— Disclose.tv (@disclosetv) <a href="https://twitter.com/disclosetv/status/1489204747198509056?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 3, 2022</a>
</blockquote>
We also previously <a href="https://summit.news/2022/01/05/25-year-old-soccer-star-collapses-dies-during-training/">reported</a> on 25-year-old Guatemalan soccer star Marcos Menaldo, who collapsed during training and tragically died shortly after being rushed to hospital.
In November last year , German newspaper Berliner Zeitung published a report <a href="https://summit.news/2021/11/09/german-newspaper-highlights-unusually-large-number-of-soccer-players-who-have-collapsed-recently/">seeking to answer</a> why an “unusually large number of professional and amateur soccer players have collapsed recently.”
However, experts have re-assured the public that all the sudden collapses of healthy footballers in peak physical condition is just a “coincidence” and has nothing to do with the vaccine.
That didn’t stop ex-England pro Matt Le Tissier from calling for a full investigation.
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-width="550" data-dnt="true" readability="12.25">
'It might not be because of the vaccine, but let's have an investigation to find out what it is. Even saying that deems you to be some kind of anti-vaxxer, which is absolutely disgusting.'
Ex-footballer Matt Le Tissier wonders why footballers are suffering from heart problems. <a href="https://t.co/qlYAXI62iY">pic.twitter.com/qlYAXI62iY</a>
— GB News (@GBNEWS) <a href="https://twitter.com/GBNEWS/status/1471613723357949962?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">December 16, 2021</a>
</blockquote>
“It’s been very concerning for me watching the sport that I love and I played for 17 years…in all that time that I played I never once saw any footballer leave the pitch because of heart issues,” said Le Tissier.
“Now I’m sorry, but if anybody can look at what’s happening now in the world of sport and say it’s normal for all of these people to be having heart issues, in football matches, cricket matches, basketball matches, any sport you wish, these people, the amount of people that are suffering is going through the roof,” he added.
During a viral podcast with Joe Rogan which was subsequently censored by YouTube, Dr. Peter McCullough warned that soccer players collapsing could be linked to vaccine-induced myocarditis.
McCullough warned that myocarditis has become at least 50% more common than predicted by US public health ‘experts.’
During a live radio show in the UK, ex-footballer Trevor Sinclair mentioned a potential link to vaccines, but he was cut off shortly after beginning his statement.
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-width="550" data-dnt="true" readability="6.8893805309735">
Just out of curiosity <a href="https://twitter.com/talkSPORT?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@talksport</a> why did you shut down Trevor Sinclair's question about John Fleck's collapse? <a href="https://t.co/fEP5I6XkNB">pic.twitter.com/fEP5I6XkNB</a>
— Knight Commander of the Garter James Delingpole (@JamesDelingpole) <a href="https://twitter.com/JamesDelingpole/status/1463904748755734529?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">November 25, 2021</a>
</blockquote>
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source <a href="https://summit.news/2022/02/04/video-virginia-mother-slams-school-officials-over-asinine-political-theater-mask-mandate/">https://summit.news/2022/02/04/video-virginia-mother-slams-school-officials-over-asinine-political-theater-mask-mandate/</a>

revolution summit Video: Virginia Mother Slams School Officials Over “Asinine Political Theater” Mask Mandate

A 21-year-old Greek footballer suffered a sudden cardiac arrest just five minutes into a game before subsequently dying. The tragedy happen...

Shaquille O’Neal Speaks Out AGAINST Vaccine Mandates

A 21-year-old Greek footballer suffered a sudden cardiac arrest just five minutes into a game before subsequently dying.
The tragedy happened to Alexandros Lampis at the First Municipal Stadium yesterday while he was playing for third division team Ilioupoli.
Owing to there being no defibrillator, attempts to resuscitate Lampis at the stadium failed, and despite the ground being located within a suburb of the capital of Athens, an ambulance didn’t arrive for 20 minutes.
“Football has been rocked by a series of high-profile incidents among players,” reports the Daily Mail.
“Sergio Aguero was forced to retire after experiencing chest pains playing for Barcelona while there were also scares for Victor Lindelof and Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang.”
“This season, Wigan striker Charlie Wyke, 28, collapsed in training, Sheffield United’s John Fleck, 30, collapsed on the pitch at Reading and Adama Traore, 25, went down clutching his chest while playing in the Champions League for Sheriff Tiraspol against Real Madrid.”
“Icelandic midfielder Emil Palsson, 28, also required resuscitation after a cardiac arrest in October.”
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-width="550" data-dnt="true" readability="6.7924528301887">
NEW – Greek footballer aged just 21 dies after suffering a cardiac arrest on the pitch.<a href="https://t.co/wMDNYKYq0i">https://t.co/wMDNYKYq0i</a>
— Disclose.tv (@disclosetv) <a href="https://twitter.com/disclosetv/status/1489204747198509056?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 3, 2022</a>
</blockquote>
We also previously <a href="https://summit.news/2022/01/05/25-year-old-soccer-star-collapses-dies-during-training/">reported</a> on 25-year-old Guatemalan soccer star Marcos Menaldo, who collapsed during training and tragically died shortly after being rushed to hospital.
In November last year , German newspaper Berliner Zeitung published a report <a href="https://summit.news/2021/11/09/german-newspaper-highlights-unusually-large-number-of-soccer-players-who-have-collapsed-recently/">seeking to answer</a> why an “unusually large number of professional and amateur soccer players have collapsed recently.”
However, experts have re-assured the public that all the sudden collapses of healthy footballers in peak physical condition is just a “coincidence” and has nothing to do with the vaccine.
That didn’t stop ex-England pro Matt Le Tissier from calling for a full investigation.
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-width="550" data-dnt="true" readability="12.25">
'It might not be because of the vaccine, but let's have an investigation to find out what it is. Even saying that deems you to be some kind of anti-vaxxer, which is absolutely disgusting.'
Ex-footballer Matt Le Tissier wonders why footballers are suffering from heart problems. <a href="https://t.co/qlYAXI62iY">pic.twitter.com/qlYAXI62iY</a>
— GB News (@GBNEWS) <a href="https://twitter.com/GBNEWS/status/1471613723357949962?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">December 16, 2021</a>
</blockquote>
“It’s been very concerning for me watching the sport that I love and I played for 17 years…in all that time that I played I never once saw any footballer leave the pitch because of heart issues,” said Le Tissier.
“Now I’m sorry, but if anybody can look at what’s happening now in the world of sport and say it’s normal for all of these people to be having heart issues, in football matches, cricket matches, basketball matches, any sport you wish, these people, the amount of people that are suffering is going through the roof,” he added.
During a viral podcast with Joe Rogan which was subsequently censored by YouTube, Dr. Peter McCullough warned that soccer players collapsing could be linked to vaccine-induced myocarditis.
McCullough warned that myocarditis has become at least 50% more common than predicted by US public health ‘experts.’
During a live radio show in the UK, ex-footballer Trevor Sinclair mentioned a potential link to vaccines, but he was cut off shortly after beginning his statement.
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-width="550" data-dnt="true" readability="6.8893805309735">
Just out of curiosity <a href="https://twitter.com/talkSPORT?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@talksport</a> why did you shut down Trevor Sinclair's question about John Fleck's collapse? <a href="https://t.co/fEP5I6XkNB">pic.twitter.com/fEP5I6XkNB</a>
— Knight Commander of the Garter James Delingpole (@JamesDelingpole) <a href="https://twitter.com/JamesDelingpole/status/1463904748755734529?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">November 25, 2021</a>
</blockquote>
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source <a href="https://summit.news/2022/02/04/shaquille-oneal-speaks-out-against-vaccine-mandates/">https://summit.news/2022/02/04/shaquille-oneal-speaks-out-against-vaccine-mandates/</a>

revolution summit Shaquille O’Neal Speaks Out AGAINST Vaccine Mandates

A 21-year-old Greek footballer suffered a sudden cardiac arrest just five minutes into a game before subsequently dying. The tragedy happen...

Liz Cheney’s censure underscores Republican loyalties to Trump

<div><img class="ff-og-image-inserted" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/xXEfzZliuKYrTVP0YSiHXEOZrfc=/0x217:3295x1942/fit-in/1200x630/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218772/AP22035684164675.jpg" /></div>
On Friday, the Republican National Committee censured Reps. Liz Cheney (R-WY) and Adam Kinzinger (R-IL) for their participation in a <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/7/27/22596347/january-6-committee-hearing-gonell-fanone-hodges-dull">congressional committee</a> investigating the January 6, 2021, Capitol riot — a move that underscores just how closely the GOP continues to align itself with former President Donald Trump and his lies about the 2020 election.
The resolution condemns Cheney and Kinzinger for their involvement in the January 6 select committee in the House, which is dedicated to investigating the circumstances and causes of the insurrection. Though it doesn’t formally expel either member from the party, it all but does so in practice.
The <a href="https://int.nyt.com/data/documenttools/rnc-censure-resolution/58226d40412e4f18/full.pdf">resolution</a>, which was <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/04/us/politics/republicans-jan-6-cheney-censure.html">obtained by the New York Times</a>, states that the RNC would “immediately cease any and all support of them as members of the Republican Party for their behavior which has been destructive to the institution of the U.S. House of Representatives, the Republican Party and our republic, and is inconsistent with the position of the Conference.”
It describes their work on the January 6 committee as aiding “Democrat-led persecution of ordinary citizens engaged in legitimate political discourse,” seemingly downplaying the violence, killing, and destruction that took place at the Capitol and normalizing it. <a href="https://twitter.com/GOPChairwoman/status/1489693461452361748">RNC chair Ronna Romney McDaniel</a> released a subsequent statement noting that the committee was focusing on “legitimate political discourse that had nothing to do with violence at the Capitol,” an apparent attempt to clarify the language from the resolution.
An RNC subcommittee approved the resolution on Thursday, and a majority of the RNC’s 168 members did the same in a voice vote on Friday.
Harmeet Dhillon, one of the resolution’s sponsors, <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2022/02/03/gop-rebuke-cheney-kinzinger-00005547">told Politico</a> the resolution is aimed at calling out Cheney and Kinzinger for their decision to “defy party leadership,” and not for their repeated criticism of Trump.
But it’s hard to interpret the resolution as anything other than a rebuke of Cheney and Kinzinger’s unwillingness to stay silent on Trump, given how outspoken both have been regarding the president’s role in spreading lies about the election that fueled the events of January 6. Republicans have been upset, too, about Cheney and Kinzinger’s participation in a committee that’s focused on the role GOP lawmakers played in amplifying false claims about the election.
Cheney and Kinzinger are the only Republicans on the January 6 committee. Originally, the House Homeland Security Committee hoped to create a fully bipartisan committee, but this plan was derailed by <a href="https://www.vox.com/22588475/kevin-mccarthy-january-6-committee-banks-jordan">Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy</a>. Republicans were left with just two members on the committee ultimately created by Pelosi after McCarthy nominated lawmakers who voted to overturn legitimate election results as committee members. Pelosi invited Cheney and Kinzinger — who are among the House’s most conservative lawmakers — in part because they were among the 10 House Republicans who voted for Trump’s impeachment in the wake of the insurrection.
Following the announcement of the RNC subcommittee’s censure vote, both lawmakers put out statements standing by their participation in the January 6 committee, and criticizing the party for moving forward with this resolution.
“I do not recognize those in my party who have abandoned the Constitution to embrace Donald Trump,” Cheney wrote in a statement. “History will be their judge.”
“Rather than focus their efforts on how to help the American people, my fellow Republicans have chosen to censure two lifelong members of their Party for simply upholding their oaths of office,” Kinzinger said.
<div>
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
I’m a constitutional conservative and I do not recognize those in my party who have abandoned the Constitution to embrace Donald Trump. History will be their judge. I will never stop fighting for our constitutional republic. No matter what. (2/2) <a href="https://t.co/HtgFzrCipd">https://t.co/HtgFzrCipd</a>
— Liz Cheney (@Liz_Cheney) <a href="https://twitter.com/Liz_Cheney/status/1489410423526985729?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 4, 2022</a></blockquote>
</div>
This is far from the first time Cheney and Kinzinger have faced GOP blowback for how directly they’ve been willing to confront Trump’s lies about the 2020 election results. Previously, House Republicans <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/5/5/22419504/liz-cheney-trump-big-lie">removed Cheney from leadership</a> for her criticism of Trump, and a GOP organization in Illinois has censured Kinzinger for similar reasons. Cheney also faces a primary challenge from Trump-backed attorney Harriet Hageman for her Wyoming House seat, while Kinzinger has opted not to run for reelection.
The censure, while a rare move, won’t affect Cheney’s or Kinzinger’s current roles in the House. A prior version of the resolution could have had more of an impact: It urged House Republican leadership to kick both members out of the conference. That would have put McCarthy in the difficult position of deciding whether to remove both members, something the House Freedom Caucus has pushed for before, too.
The final version simply criticizes their actions. Ultimately, the censure serves mainly to reaffirm the message that many Republicans aren’t interested in confronting Trump about his role in contesting the election and stoking the January 6 insurrection. If anything, many intend to give their full support to what he says, no matter how dangerous or untrue.
The passage of the resolution is indicative of how many Republicans continue to back Trump and his views.
In fact, the resolution specifically mentions Trump, rebuking Cheney and Kinzinger for working on the committee alongside Democrats, arguing that they “support Democrat efforts to destroy President Trump more than they support winning back a Republican majority in 2022.”
Based on the success of Friday’s vote, most in the RNC appear to share this view. But there is a small group of moderate Republicans who used the vote to make it clear they disagree with the party’s unwillingness to take on Trump and call out the severity of the January 6 insurrection.
Sens. Mitt Romney (R-UT) and Bill Cassidy (R-LA) were among those who questioned why Republicans were pursuing this censure. <a href="https://twitter.com/MichaelSteele/status/1489456181164789762">Former RNC party chair Michael Steele</a> decried the censure as a “pathetic act of cowardice.” And current RNC member Bill Palatucci said the censure was a “<a href="https://thehill.com/homenews/house/592788-rnc-committee-advances-resolution-to-censure-cheney-kinzinger?rl=1">distracting sideshow</a>,” which followed the RNC’s failure to condemn participants in the January 6 attack.
“Shame falls on a party that would censure persons of conscience, who seek truth in the face of vitriol,” Romney wrote in a Twitter post.
<div>
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
Shame falls on a party that would censure persons of conscience, who seek truth in the face of vitriol. Honor attaches to Liz Cheney and Adam Kinzinger for seeking truth even when doing so comes at great personal cost.
— Mitt Romney (@MittRomney) <a href="https://twitter.com/MittRomney/status/1489611374930141184?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 4, 2022</a></blockquote>
</div>
<div>
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
The RNC is censuring Liz Cheney and Adam Kinzinger because they are trying to find out what happened on January 6th - HUH?
— U.S. Senator Bill Cassidy, M.D. (@SenBillCassidy) <a href="https://twitter.com/SenBillCassidy/status/1489448776959991815?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 4, 2022</a></blockquote>
</div>
The censure also foreshadows the role that loyalty to Trump is likely to play in the upcoming midterm elections.
Cheney is among the Republican incumbents facing a primary challenge due to their opposition to Trump. The RNC this week also ratified a rule that enables it and the Wyoming Republican Party to financially support Hageman, the candidate challenging Cheney. Other Trump critics including Reps. Tom Rice (R-SC), Fred Upton (R-MI), and Jaime Herrera Beutler (R-WA) are set to face Trump-backed primary challengers because of their vote to impeach him in January 2021. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/02/us/politics/republicans-impeach-trump-primary-fund-raising.html">As the New York Times reports</a>, the incumbent candidates have so far been able to out-raise their opponents.
Trump’s endorsement could play a significant role in crowded primaries for open Senate seats in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and North Carolina. In the past, loyalty to Trump has been a factor in a number of House and Senate primary races, and many — though not all — of his endorsed candidates have won. In 2020, Trump’s backing appeared to help former football coach Tommy Tuberville beat former Sen. Jeff Sessions in an Alabama Senate primary, and buoyed House candidates like Lisa Scheller in Pennsylvania.
In a handful of races, however, his endorsement hasn’t been enough to secure victory. In Texas, Susan Wright lost a special election runoff despite having the former president’s backing, and in a North Carolina House district, Lynda Bennett lost a Republican primary.
That hasn’t stopped candidates from vying for Trump’s endorsement. That’s because, particularly in races in which the incumbent has a cash advantage, Trump’s backing is seen as a powerful way to boost one’s fundraising and legitimacy. And as Friday’s censure proves, it is also a way to signify one’s status as a “true Republican.”
Cheney and Kinzinger’s censure, ultimately, is indicative of how much the Republican Party continues to value allegiance to Trump, sending a signal to candidates and voters ahead of the midterms.
 
 
source <a href="https://www.vox.com/22917728/liz-cheney-adam-kinzinger-censure-january-6-committee">https://www.vox.com/22917728/liz-cheney-adam-kinzinger-censure-january-6-committee</a>

vox Liz Cheney’s censure underscores Republican loyalties to Trump

On Friday, the Republican National Committee censured Reps. Liz Cheney (R-WY) and Adam Kinzinger (R-IL) for their participation in a congre...

Why Tesla won’t stop

Tesla announced two massive recalls this week related to issues with its vehicles’ software. One of the recalls ordered Tesla to roll back a self-driving feature that caused the company’s cars to break the law. While Elon Musk <a href="https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1488615123946246151">said</a> “there were no safety issues,” federal regulators disagree. But it’s also increasingly clear that government pressure is unlikely to change Tesla’s brazen approach.
In fact, these recently recalled features are just the latest examples of the company selling <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/2020/2/19/21143933/tesla-artificial-intelligence-model-hacking-speeding">potentially dangerous software</a>. This trend is especially concerning because the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), the agency that will oversee the recalls, can only <a href="https://www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.gov/files/documents/understanding_nhtsas_current_regulatory_tools-tag.pdf">take action</a> after the Tesla software has been <a href="https://www.theverge.com/2015/11/4/9670744/tesla-self-driving-autonomous-cars-regulation-oversight">released to drivers</a>. Tesla typically pushes these updates to its vehicles when they’re connected to the internet, so they don’t come at <a href="https://www.barrons.com/articles/tesla-recall-2022-fsd-stock-price-51643722437">a significant cost to the company</a>. That’s left Tesla free to release and test new features with drivers on the road — until the government catches up and intervenes, or Tesla identifies issues on its own.
Tesla’s <a href="https://static.nhtsa.gov/odi/rcl/2022/RCLRPT-22V037-4462.PDF">first recall this week</a> involved a feature that enabled users to program their Teslas to slow down but not completely stop at all-way intersections with stop signs, under very specific conditions. The company first introduced the so-called “rolling stop” feature back in October 2020 as part of an update to its Full Self-Driving beta software. This <a href="https://www.tesla.com/support/autopilot">advanced version</a> of Tesla’s Autopilot driver-assistance technology is only available to a limited number of Tesla owners who pay <a href="https://electrek.co/2022/01/18/tesla-increases-full-self-driving-package-price-but-not-monthly-subscription-service/">$12,000</a> for the upgrade and <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/22425169/autonomous-features-cars-elon-musk-autopilot">is famously</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-fsd-beta-full-self-driving-autopilot-software-controversy-2021-11">controversial</a>. Despite the name, the Full Self-Driving software doesn’t actually turn Teslas into fully autonomous vehicles, but it does give drivers access to semi-autonomous features. The recent recall of the rolling stop feature affected all 53,822 Teslas that had upgraded to Full Self-Driving.
It’s unclear exactly how dangerous Tesla’s “rolling stop” feature was in practice. No warranty claims or injuries were reported to Tesla, and the system only worked if the car was driving at very slow speeds. Elon Musk claims that speed was <a href="https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1488615123946246151">2 miles per hour</a>, while official NHTSA notes say it was <a href="https://static.nhtsa.gov/odi/rcl/2022/RCLRPT-22V037-4462.PDF">5.6 miles per hour</a>. Regardless, rolling through stop signs is <a href="https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/wireStory/tesla-recall-full-driving-software-runs-stop-signs-82596066">illegal</a> in most places, no matter how slow you’re going. As NHTSA <a href="https://static.nhtsa.gov/odi/rcl/2022/RCAK-22V037-9109.pdf">noted</a> in a letter to Tesla, “Failing to stop at a stop sign can increase the risk of a crash.” Tesla has now released a software update to address the recall.
Tesla’s <a href="https://static.nhtsa.gov/odi/rcl/2022/RCLRPT-22V045-3599.PDF">second recall</a> came on Thursday after NHTSA said that more than 817,000 Teslas could have a faulty seat belt feature. The agency said that these vehicles, in certain cases, wouldn’t produce an audible chime when people forget to put on their seat belts, a problem that Tesla <a href="https://www.consumerreports.org/car-recalls-defects/tesla-sends-software-update-to-fix-seat-belt-chime-recall-a9607462358/">says</a> it will, again, fix with a software update.
<figure class="e-image"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1644018922_8743_664368" data-cdata='{"asset_id":23218431,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/XAEyrCFRQFZnlY6i5FcJAyvbNYY=/0x0:4586x3502/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:4586x3502):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218431/GettyImages_954730186.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/d9r13AhikXALB9NxRRmaLYIN3Eo=/0x0:4586x3502/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:4586x3502):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218431/GettyImages_954730186.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/sie6hEHpaZDQor_qbWp4EtwBk74=/0x0:4586x3502/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:4586x3502):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218431/GettyImages_954730186.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/mZAWHfOj_oEGlUrhKcaDUkzi1xc=/0x0:4586x3502/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:4586x3502):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218431/GettyImages_954730186.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/IM4PlrzaFQsL65CfW7B-EkC6sXQ=/0x0:4586x3502/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:4586x3502):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218431/GettyImages_954730186.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/gyAIPLk2ZgXyyHRHuo1wtFrKG8o=/0x0:4586x3502/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:4586x3502):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218431/GettyImages_954730186.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/6wLWH_H4hFw852LS1HsIxHvoRjY=/0x0:4586x3502/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:4586x3502):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218431/GettyImages_954730186.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/4jpA0LWlFKvx8c2eXU6VP_JB5OU=/0x0:4586x3502/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:4586x3502):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218431/GettyImages_954730186.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/-qCpb1whX2jrdqQV3vtvRHT7VZM=/0x0:4586x3502/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:4586x3502):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218431/GettyImages_954730186.jpg 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="A driver with their hand touching the Tesla screen beside the car’s steering wheel." data-upload-width="4586" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/402t8Kojuo7a24uVrtrdW869hLQ=/0x0:4586x3502/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:4586x3502):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218431/GettyImages_954730186.jpg" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/pJI_Buo-Dj6dyM_KBRFeBhn-yfc=/0x0:4586x3502/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:4586x3502):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218431/GettyImages_954730186.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/4Nu_rVT90to1o19s0IHleTqsQNc=/0x0:4586x3502/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:4586x3502):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218431/GettyImages_954730186.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/w22Fm7OhGNVX_dAjfvu2MA-sQVE=/0x0:4586x3502/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:4586x3502):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218431/GettyImages_954730186.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/iN0VlDWDQO_66lgCgVAQNmn2ZG8=/0x0:4586x3502/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:4586x3502):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218431/GettyImages_954730186.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/oAeFsB_ctyF03dGgNTixm9a9MmI=/0x0:4586x3502/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:4586x3502):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218431/GettyImages_954730186.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/rmNjGRR7GE3miaUQpzPScHo063c=/0x0:4586x3502/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:4586x3502):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218431/GettyImages_954730186.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/uPTBmrNjFaVwJ-hM1VfeEzt6sVw=/0x0:4586x3502/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:4586x3502):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218431/GettyImages_954730186.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Vn5G9eZC8Gc2PbA34hpbt-CGT4k=/0x0:4586x3502/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:4586x3502):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218431/GettyImages_954730186.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/IBhPu9VMuZ3dUxnW8QIiu0UkqXM=/0x0:4586x3502/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:4586x3502):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218431/GettyImages_954730186.jpg 1920w" /></picture>
<figcaption>One software update released by Tesla allowed drivers to play video games while their cars were in motion.</figcaption>
<cite>Andy Cross/The Denver Post via Getty Images</cite></figure>
These are just the two most recent Tesla safety-related software updates. The automaker has initiated nine recalls <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-02-03/tesla-agrees-to-fix-seat-belt-chime-malfunction-on-817-000-cars?sref=Wg6QzS2e">within the past three months</a>, and federal safety regulators opening investigations into the company now feel like this is a regular occurrence. At the same time, some of the problems that the software updates are meant to address seem to be ongoing or, in some cases, worsening.
For example, Tesla <a href="https://www.consumerreports.org/car-recalls-defects/tesla-recall-full-self-driving-software-phantom-braking-a5626328806/">issued a recall</a> — and a software update — following reports last fall that vehicles using Autopilot would brake without warning after their computers detected hazards that didn’t actually exist. But this “phantom braking” issue actually appeared to get worse in the months following the recall, possibly because Tesla decided to stop using radar-based sensors, in favor of cameras, on some vehicle models, according to <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/02/02/tesla-phantom-braking/">a recent report from the Washington Post</a>. Federal regulators are again consulting the company about how to address the problem.
“NHTSA has kind of been playing a game of cat and mouse with Tesla for a number of years now,” explained Michael Brooks, the acting director of the Center for Auto Safety. “Right now, NHTSA seems to be playing a little more active version of a cat.”
Yet Tesla shows no sign of stopping. Again, car recalls don’t work the way they once did. Car owners used to take their recalled vehicles to a dealer or auto shop for a repair, or they would get a replacement or a refund. But in recent years, automakers have had the option of fixing some flaws with an over-the-air software update, just like Tesla has done with all of the aforementioned recalls. Because these recalls are akin to releasing an app update, they’re easier and faster for car owners to address. But they’re also <a href="https://www.marketwatch.com/story/tesla-stock-shrugs-off-second-over-the-air-recall-for-auto-maker-this-week-11643907640">relatively cheap</a> for automakers to execute. So some might argue that, if recalls simply lead to software updates, they’re little more than a slap on the wrist from regulators.
It looks as though Tesla is also using software updates to preempt potential recalls, too. This past <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/07/business/tesla-video-game-driving.html">summer</a>, the company released a feature called <a href="https://www.cnet.com/roadshow/news/nhtsa-tesla-passenger-play-disabled-investigation/">Passenger Play</a> that let people play video games on Teslas’ touchscreens while the vehicles were in motion. But after NHTSA announced <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/23/business/tesla-video-games.html">an investigation into the feature</a>, Tesla issued a software update in December to <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/12/23/tesla-disables-passenger-play-video-games-while-vehicle-is-moving.html">disable</a> Passenger Play while the car is in motion. Last August, the agency similarly <a href="https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a37320725/nhtsa-investigating-tesla-autopilot-crashes-fatalities/">announced a formal investigation</a> into 11 crashes involving Tesla vehicles with Autopilot or Traffic-Aware Cruise Control engaged that hit stopped emergency vehicles with their lights flashing, and then Tesla pushed <a href="https://electrek.co/2021/09/22/tesla-autopilot-can-detects-slows-down-emergency-vehicles-lights-night/">a related software update</a> a few weeks later. That prompted NHTSA to ask the company in October why it <a href="https://static.nhtsa.gov/odi/inv/2021/INIM-PE21020-85573P.pdf">didn’t file a formal recall notice</a>, implying that Tesla may have used the update as a “<a href="https://abcnews.go.com/Business/wireStory/us-asks-tesla-recall-autopilot-driving-system-80552870">stealth recall</a>.”
Other than formal recalls, regulators <a href="https://www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.gov/files/documents/understanding_nhtsas_current_regulatory_tools-tag.pdf">don’t currently have many other tools</a> at their disposal. NHTSA could update its <a href="https://www.nhtsa.gov/laws-regulations/fmvss">Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards</a>, but that’s a <a href="https://www.theverge.com/22869190/pete-buttigieg-self-driving-cars-electric-tesla-decoder">yearslong process</a>, a fact that might help explain why regulations haven’t kept pace with new car technologies. The National Transportation Safety Board can also focus on car safety, but the agency is mostly limited to conducting <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/metro/documents/whatisntsb0091710.pdf">investigations into crashes</a> and making recommendations. While states are <a href="https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/california-dmv-reviewing-approach-regulating-teslas-public-self-driving-test-2022-01-12/">slowly developing</a> their own rules, there still isn’t a nationwide consensus on how to approach vehicles like Teslas.
<figure class="e-image"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1644018922_2685_664369" data-cdata='{"asset_id":23218426,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/7bRNmLz56cWU-iBEF4s86ET0s-w=/0x0:6801x4534/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:6801x4534):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218426/GettyImages_1236004428.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/J7crnx9kZRlY_xJPJ5s5VmDeWRk=/0x0:6801x4534/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:6801x4534):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218426/GettyImages_1236004428.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/maacWnEVhKmaiTYI8EbyqQebE3I=/0x0:6801x4534/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:6801x4534):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218426/GettyImages_1236004428.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/AmlTHQYsidCUlOPPAlkWVd6FTEo=/0x0:6801x4534/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:6801x4534):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218426/GettyImages_1236004428.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/cPGWmNDSZL_WXYTePLIGyoe5wPQ=/0x0:6801x4534/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:6801x4534):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218426/GettyImages_1236004428.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/VkTOdkagRXB_TUwns77M9EjWWtk=/0x0:6801x4534/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:6801x4534):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218426/GettyImages_1236004428.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/i0v1W3NIfvZbabN4n8uWN67jgAA=/0x0:6801x4534/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:6801x4534):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218426/GettyImages_1236004428.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/q39o5UGYYQo15mf2wm2K7ksfiFw=/0x0:6801x4534/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:6801x4534):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218426/GettyImages_1236004428.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/GJ2jBPFIXQdUKZYeF_m78KhYeUY=/0x0:6801x4534/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:6801x4534):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218426/GettyImages_1236004428.jpg 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="Secretary of Transportation Pete Buttigieg looking under the open hood of a Tesla car." data-upload-width="6801" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/kV4JpAiqs9KeH5G1GhpRps-PvtA=/0x0:6801x4534/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:6801x4534):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218426/GettyImages_1236004428.jpg" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/6kDFQcGkXY7o-7lfNo_rHffRCN8=/0x0:6801x4534/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:6801x4534):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218426/GettyImages_1236004428.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/3qKNj8S2UZY_DrocWeRgV7ZYgvc=/0x0:6801x4534/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:6801x4534):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218426/GettyImages_1236004428.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/gf3WBwGw_xy4J3kBrjlDAG_WI4U=/0x0:6801x4534/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:6801x4534):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218426/GettyImages_1236004428.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/-KUHd13MYhUEJSSGpaESZiCEtVc=/0x0:6801x4534/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:6801x4534):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218426/GettyImages_1236004428.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/E1qC38Qi3cAClIXULopjSKR7RUY=/0x0:6801x4534/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:6801x4534):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218426/GettyImages_1236004428.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/O5tvQ4MtBS7W8Mx2HbzPzq4wk2M=/0x0:6801x4534/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:6801x4534):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218426/GettyImages_1236004428.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/-KmkBRhTgGpgC8A4PAXxob5mhrQ=/0x0:6801x4534/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:6801x4534):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218426/GettyImages_1236004428.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/n_HyQeYI1y2KRofpChf14BsEwME=/0x0:6801x4534/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:6801x4534):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218426/GettyImages_1236004428.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/261y1z65dPDrPIB4rElZq9e8ZFo=/0x0:6801x4534/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:6801x4534):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23218426/GettyImages_1236004428.jpg 1920w" /></picture>
<figcaption>The Department of Transportation is still wrestling with how to approach increasingly autonomous vehicles.</figcaption>
<cite>Drew Angerer/Getty Images</cite></figure>
That’s why some think it’s time for the <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/22425169/autonomous-features-cars-elon-musk-autopilot">government to do more</a>. Last May, Reps. Bobby Rush (D-IL) and Larry Bucshon (R-IN) proposed the <a href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/2997?s=1&r=27#:~:text=Introduced%20in%20House%20(05%2F04%2F2021)&text=This%20bill%20requires%20the%20Department,different%20racial%20and%20ethnic%20groups.">Crash Avoidance System Evaluation Act</a>, which would force the Department of Transportation to study how well car crash avoidance tech, like Tesla’s Autopilot and Full Self-Driving, actually works. Meanwhile, Sens. Ed Markey (D-MA) and Richard Blumenthal (D-CT) urged the Federal Trade Commission in August to <a href="https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases/markey-and-blumenthal-call-for-ftc-investigation-into-teslas-misleading-advertising-of-driving-automation-systems">investigate</a> Tesla for false and misleading advertising related to those semi-autonomous features. Along with Sen. Amy Klobuchar (D-MN), they’ve also proposed the <a href="https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases/senators-markey-and-blumenthal-lead-reintroduction-of-four-auto-safety-bills-to-improve-recalls-enhance-defect-reporting-upgrade-seat-back-safety-and-prevent-distracted-driving">Stay Aware for Everyone Act</a>, which would mandate that the DOT analyze driver assistance systems and require carmakers to install driver-monitoring tools.
“These latest developments with Tesla’s Autopilot and Full Self-Driving systems are exactly why we’ve long expressed our concerns with this flawed technology,” Blumenthal and Markey told Recode. “Although automated driving and driver assistance systems have the potential to enhance safety, they must be implemented with strong safeguards that will ensure our cars follow the rules of the road and drivers are fully engaged.”
But the reason strong safeguards for semi-autonomous cars don’t exist is that there’s no consensus about how these vehicles should be regulated. Is the driver or the car manufacturer responsible when a software-assisted vehicle does something dangerous? Should autonomous and semi-autonomous cars be programmed to follow the letter of the law, or to drive the way most people actually drive? Regulators haven’t fully answered these questions, and Tesla is taking advantage of the ambiguity.
This all comes at what should be a moment of opportunity for Tesla and its commitment to safety. In the first nine months of last year, the <a href="https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/wireStory/us-road-deaths-rise-record-pace-risky-driving-82600871">number of US road fatalities</a> rose at the fastest rate since the Transportation Department started tracking them in 1975. Musk has repeatedly argued that Tesla’s AI-powered vehicles save lives and that his vehicles could be a solution to worsening highway safety problems. But the company’s insistence on releasing features that deliberately play with safety, instead of promoting it, seems to be undermining this larger goal.
 
 
source <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/22916870/tesla-software-update-recall-full-self-driving-elon-musk">https://www.vox.com/recode/22916870/tesla-software-update-recall-full-self-driving-elon-musk</a>

vox Why Tesla won’t stop

Tesla announced two massive recalls this week related to issues with its vehicles’ software. One of the recalls ordered Tesla to roll back a...