Climate scientists should pay more attention to fish poop. Really.

<p>Daniele Bianchi, a researcher at the University of California Los Angeles, has a message for climate scientists everywhere: Pay more attention to fish poop.</p> <p>Fish and their feces play a hugely important and vastly underrated role in ocean chemistry and the carbon cycle that shapes Earth’s climate, according to a <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abd7554">new study</a> led by Bianchi and published in the journal <em>Science Advances.</em></p> <p>The story goes something like this: Tiny marine organisms called phytoplankton absorb carbon from the water and air around them. As the plankton are eaten by increasingly larger creatures, the carbon then travels up the food chain and into fish. Those fish then release a lot of it back into the ocean through their poop, much of which sinks to the seafloor and can store away carbon for centuries. The scientific term for carbon storage is sequestration.</p> <p>“We think this is one of the most effective carbon-sequestration mechanisms in the ocean,” Bianchi told Vox. “It reaches the deep layers, where carbon is sequestered for hundreds or thousands of years.”</p> <p>Carbon that’s stored in the deep sea is carbon that’s <em>not</em> making the oceans more acidic or trapping heat in the atmosphere. In other words, fish poop could be a bulwark against climate change.</p> <p>The problem is that commercial fishing has sliced the global fish population to <a href="https://www.vox.com/22335364/climate-change-ocean-fishing-trawling-shrimp-carbon-footprint">a fraction of its former level</a>. As scientists figure out the importance of fish poop, they’re also recognizing a new danger of large-scale fishing. Beyond putting ecosystems at risk, the industry is messing with big nutrient cycles — and perhaps eating into an important carbon sink.</p> <p>About a <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-18203-3#Sec2">quarter of the carbon dioxide</a> spewing from cars, factories, and farms ends up in the ocean each year, making it one of the world’s largest carbon sinks. Much of that carbon is sucked up by phytoplankton, which is then eaten by other marine organisms, which are then eaten by fish. It’s Food Chain 101.</p> <p>What Bianchi and his co-authors wanted to know was how much of that phytoplankton (and the carbon it contains) ends up in fish, and where it goes from there. The researchers focused their analysis on the ocean before industrial fishing began in the 19th century, and during a period of “peak catch,” around the turn of the 20th century. Peak catch, Bianchi notes, led to over-fished oceans of the sort we recognize today.</p> <figure class="e-image"><span class="e-image__inner"><span class="e-image__image" data-original="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909466/GettyImages_1226349113.jpg"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1633735202_9375_84595" data-cdata='{"asset_id":22909466,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/E-iGaN86zcXgKR_naPb--73zzBY=/0x0:6708x4472/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:6708x4472):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909466/GettyImages_1226349113.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/vjWFV8wgvP5GfUuYGLrJb7AVD-A=/0x0:6708x4472/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:6708x4472):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909466/GettyImages_1226349113.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/cPbWIz5oKqDDUt6CR9oqU9ks0Tw=/0x0:6708x4472/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:6708x4472):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909466/GettyImages_1226349113.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/IMSQ7qmihIqBrJbGoHUPsuRWsDM=/0x0:6708x4472/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:6708x4472):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909466/GettyImages_1226349113.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/kuffIbpPFT3H5UIHL5bGHgQsZpA=/0x0:6708x4472/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:6708x4472):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909466/GettyImages_1226349113.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/RkiWASusOUzjJ3zFkzoD1L4Hc6A=/0x0:6708x4472/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:6708x4472):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909466/GettyImages_1226349113.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/g42b8Pt44u5WfSymtlgLwd674e8=/0x0:6708x4472/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:6708x4472):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909466/GettyImages_1226349113.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/GHtG3wMfMc9FClfisyi0N4w_NHg=/0x0:6708x4472/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:6708x4472):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909466/GettyImages_1226349113.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/78QVGaqDJhGEoeicDMnf4zVrL38=/0x0:6708x4472/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:6708x4472):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909466/GettyImages_1226349113.jpg 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="" data-upload-width="6708" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/OzsILbY3CoYbHJUFEH5cjamje-c=/0x0:6708x4472/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:6708x4472):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909466/GettyImages_1226349113.jpg" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/rm8nyTsZloM_uZB7-DS14pPNXnU=/0x0:6708x4472/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:6708x4472):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909466/GettyImages_1226349113.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/6r_8Rg_L3jSgqQUXOY2MGrTd1JU=/0x0:6708x4472/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:6708x4472):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909466/GettyImages_1226349113.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/pEkSsqzQDInu6NI70n-E2hgLWWM=/0x0:6708x4472/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:6708x4472):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909466/GettyImages_1226349113.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/4huCruXxQXMIrdtDr5EqpBbqHj0=/0x0:6708x4472/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:6708x4472):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909466/GettyImages_1226349113.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/YnwqNaxwCUA3fhOgKX_Z1FzD858=/0x0:6708x4472/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:6708x4472):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909466/GettyImages_1226349113.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/shSWf732H_POvy0-iLLoW-zeKe0=/0x0:6708x4472/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:6708x4472):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909466/GettyImages_1226349113.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/iwjkGyWQ0LRWxnz4eFZmhMW4qzk=/0x0:6708x4472/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:6708x4472):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909466/GettyImages_1226349113.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/dfA_vFeFb6S-1VFfFGkpPJkai00=/0x0:6708x4472/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:6708x4472):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909466/GettyImages_1226349113.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/QQzCaMVkoHs8sCZFlhdyvGv0-AM=/0x0:6708x4472/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:6708x4472):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909466/GettyImages_1226349113.jpg 1920w" /></picture></span></span> <figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">A phytoplankton bloom in Sagami Bay, Pacific Ocean.</span></figcaption> <span class="e-image__meta"><cite>Getty Images</cite></span></figure> <p>The team had reliable data for commercial fish, like tuna and cod, which have been widely studied by the fishing industry. According to their analysis, these fish alone took up about 940 million metric tons of carbon per year, or 2 percent of all biomass produced by plankton, before preindustrial fishing. “Two percent might look like a small number, but it is, in fact, massive,” Bianchi said. For comparison, the UK emitted <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-emissions/britains-greenhouse-gas-emissions-dropped-9-in-2020-amid-pandemic-idUSKBN2BH18T">326 million metric tons</a> of carbon dioxide last year.</p> <p>That 940 million number increases to 1.9 billion metric tons of carbon per year, or 4 percent of the total phytoplankton biomass, when the authors estimated the impact of all fish, not just ones harvested by the fishing industry.</p> <p>Meanwhile, during the period of peak catch — when there were about half as many fish in the ocean as before the Industrial Revolution — fish populations digested a much smaller portion of the world’s carbon. The species that are fished commercially took up about 1 percent of the total phytoplankton biomass, Bianchi said.</p> <p>That’s similar to what happens in the oceans today, he explained: Fish are taking in about half as much biomass and carbon as they once did, simply because there are far fewer of them.</p> <p>When fish deposit carbon on the bottom of the ocean, there’s less left over to warm the planet.</p> <p>That’s where poop comes in. Roughly a fifth of the biomass that fish consume “returns to the environment as fecal pellets,” the authors write. Because these pellets are relatively large and compact, compared to the excrement of smaller organisms, they sink quickly into the deep ocean. That’s key to long-term storage.</p> <p>“When thinking about carbon sequestration, a really important metric is how deep the carbon gets in the ocean,” Sasha Kramer, a researcher at the University of California Santa Barbara who was not involved in the study, told Vox. “Deeper particles are sequestered on longer time scales.”</p> <p>According to Bianchi, commercial fish sequester about 10 percent of the carbon in the deep ocean, and it stays locked up for 600 years or so — meaning, fish poop makes up a sizable cache of carbon.</p> <figure class="e-image"><span class="e-image__inner"><span class="e-image__image" data-original="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909472/GettyImages_1211451812.jpg"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1633735202_6262_84596" data-cdata='{"asset_id":22909472,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/z_ua5tfxfZJpVZxD2yLo_WMLiW8=/0x0:4653x3102/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:4653x3102):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909472/GettyImages_1211451812.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/N1cYiNBTC8F6rf_0NDHuXk-5pEU=/0x0:4653x3102/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:4653x3102):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909472/GettyImages_1211451812.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/s8FIxZsLSD7uqsCQrdsQh--1Qmk=/0x0:4653x3102/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:4653x3102):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909472/GettyImages_1211451812.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/-PHNqLnpodzz1Xgbjk2BO2HVW3M=/0x0:4653x3102/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:4653x3102):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909472/GettyImages_1211451812.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/tI5zlSQaShU1MQJwgHxCMrNqcmA=/0x0:4653x3102/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:4653x3102):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909472/GettyImages_1211451812.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/hw7K5mN-QkfqgieRk7ZaWJJezV8=/0x0:4653x3102/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:4653x3102):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909472/GettyImages_1211451812.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/mURzWJFvhwzP72HYCB0M7W92PHw=/0x0:4653x3102/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:4653x3102):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909472/GettyImages_1211451812.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ovofs75zaTxRlA0z5yoKHUpTSh8=/0x0:4653x3102/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:4653x3102):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909472/GettyImages_1211451812.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/0flC-YaCsEzTP-E4SYdtVT9gizg=/0x0:4653x3102/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:4653x3102):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909472/GettyImages_1211451812.jpg 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="" data-upload-width="4653" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/nImG_RbSe-onTdisFXv4-qCMy1M=/0x0:4653x3102/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:4653x3102):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909472/GettyImages_1211451812.jpg" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/oGhzGx_XxbHUmZ4dqbnhtH20Sy8=/0x0:4653x3102/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:4653x3102):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909472/GettyImages_1211451812.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/A80k6vYiAbaTzXjrgysTTqz3hz0=/0x0:4653x3102/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:4653x3102):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909472/GettyImages_1211451812.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/waoqkTrplZ0reFQjfMvmvbVuL1U=/0x0:4653x3102/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:4653x3102):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909472/GettyImages_1211451812.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/AKObgY-LwZ4zDScIQHgnhXc5Z90=/0x0:4653x3102/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:4653x3102):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909472/GettyImages_1211451812.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/8T_MulRQOcNvzm8sEDm24abVa2g=/0x0:4653x3102/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:4653x3102):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909472/GettyImages_1211451812.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/emc-66pkwUKCW4sErg0AHyY38QM=/0x0:4653x3102/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:4653x3102):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909472/GettyImages_1211451812.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/k8jxDK1A__ZrZCdSSgyJot6i9k0=/0x0:4653x3102/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:4653x3102):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909472/GettyImages_1211451812.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/_9722Uuw4Ta89Qn4nACYf6_9zGQ=/0x0:4653x3102/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:4653x3102):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909472/GettyImages_1211451812.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/DsJ9022Jlx5aNO483TvfrBCceS4=/0x0:4653x3102/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:4653x3102):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909472/GettyImages_1211451812.jpg 1920w" /></picture></span></span> <figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">A fisherman unloads Alaska pollock in Primorye Territory, Russia.</span></figcaption> <span class="e-image__meta"><cite>Yuri Smityuk\TASS via Getty Images</cite></span></figure> <figure class="e-image"><span class="e-image__inner"><span class="e-image__image" data-original="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909473/GettyImages_95492279.jpg"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1633735202_6936_84597" data-cdata='{"asset_id":22909473,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/7viWPawRjHn-PhkafYYNwUPhaiw=/0x0:3869x2640/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3869x2640):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909473/GettyImages_95492279.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/d0h75d1V8rbP8ltgrdrxEoiSNhM=/0x0:3869x2640/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3869x2640):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909473/GettyImages_95492279.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/vYUHwbEvUMrISN7C84LJzjIOes8=/0x0:3869x2640/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3869x2640):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909473/GettyImages_95492279.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/rUYAG538YZadSBnjz-8NUUKfUgg=/0x0:3869x2640/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3869x2640):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909473/GettyImages_95492279.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/WC1RUCSWt5r9pY8fbJj2ACjvZok=/0x0:3869x2640/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:3869x2640):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909473/GettyImages_95492279.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/PuwGiAVwS8YpvRx_ZReMCPPpuJ8=/0x0:3869x2640/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3869x2640):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909473/GettyImages_95492279.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/L6dPsichTi29k5CcAy1msV2G25E=/0x0:3869x2640/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3869x2640):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909473/GettyImages_95492279.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/w4xEtC0YGGsxqK7ZrSFmb0yApuY=/0x0:3869x2640/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3869x2640):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909473/GettyImages_95492279.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/kZ4hUNaqWLgQQ5cRaUUELE9FynE=/0x0:3869x2640/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3869x2640):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909473/GettyImages_95492279.jpg 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="" data-upload-width="3869" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/SYJwtiCJ43tAG4bOo8ZrqIkocMc=/0x0:3869x2640/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:3869x2640):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909473/GettyImages_95492279.jpg" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/PKRvlfnsKV6TVdl4oygYULkClaI=/0x0:3869x2640/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3869x2640):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909473/GettyImages_95492279.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/hzhRLFVmHhXGSPmRSyldsr8kg6s=/0x0:3869x2640/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3869x2640):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909473/GettyImages_95492279.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/U_f9g7Ohxm5INNYzSqKTbhy-Qdo=/0x0:3869x2640/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3869x2640):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909473/GettyImages_95492279.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/J0PHb4bBZ118g916bWq44tUTMQE=/0x0:3869x2640/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3869x2640):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909473/GettyImages_95492279.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/tNPMJMMSb8lcaUqgi1-hZcTgBfU=/0x0:3869x2640/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:3869x2640):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909473/GettyImages_95492279.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ulywOwyOtTinLPLU-aIt19jJLSc=/0x0:3869x2640/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3869x2640):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909473/GettyImages_95492279.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Bh1J8zDndoYYe-A-2Ulzr1ouK8k=/0x0:3869x2640/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3869x2640):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909473/GettyImages_95492279.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/tCmqs2YV1xBenult4RQbEN6F72A=/0x0:3869x2640/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3869x2640):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909473/GettyImages_95492279.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/6smOmVstwo6XEYBjGT_TrYD-tSk=/0x0:3869x2640/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3869x2640):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909473/GettyImages_95492279.jpg 1920w" /></picture></span></span> <figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">Peruvian anchoveta being processed at a fish meal factory in Lima, Peru.</span></figcaption> <span class="e-image__meta"><cite>Ernesto Benavides/AFP via Getty Images</cite></span></figure> <p>Fish can also sequester carbon when they die and sink to the ocean floor, according to another <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abb4848">recent study</a> in <em>Science Advances</em>. A single fish is roughly 12.5 percent carbon, Gaël Mariani, the study’s lead author, told Vox. That carbon can get locked up in the deep ocean, assuming the fish carcasses stay there.</p> <p>By contrast, when fish are harvested, the carbon they contain is partially emitted back into the atmosphere a few days or weeks later, according to the study. That means a big fishing operation can release a lot of carbon that might otherwise be stored. According to estimates from the paper, fishing fleets harvested about 320 million metric tons of large fish — such as shark and mackerel — between 1950 and 2014, which “prevented” about 22 million tons of carbon from being sequestered.</p> <p>“We have to think about the interaction between fisheries management and carbon management,” said William Cheung, a professor at the University of British Columbia and a co-author of the sinking-fish study. “When we manage our fisheries and set targets, we should also think about how that will affect the capacity of the ocean to store carbon.”</p> <p>The impact of fish and their feces goes beyond just carbon. For example, falling pellets provide food to some creatures in the deep sea, which use up oxygen as they chow down. That affects how much oxygen is available in these dim depths, the authors say, some of which are already oxygen-starved. Climate change stands to <a href="https://www.iucn.org/theme/marine-and-polar/our-work/climate-change-and-oceans/ocean-deoxygenation">mess with</a> the delicate balance of oxygen in the deep sea as well, Kramer said.</p> <figure class="e-image"><span class="e-image__inner"><span class="e-image__image" data-original="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909964/GettyImages_1180754907.jpg"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1633735202_1033_84598" data-cdata='{"asset_id":22909964,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/SQcT4IP3C9-gtK1zeJ1nt0-9VAg=/0x0:7952x5304/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:7952x5304):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909964/GettyImages_1180754907.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/AOtANehgK1mbBx49Ix_YzfGZbEM=/0x0:7952x5304/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:7952x5304):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909964/GettyImages_1180754907.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/erH2oUgG33bGkqBj1hBjGVKUOWk=/0x0:7952x5304/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:7952x5304):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909964/GettyImages_1180754907.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/uY0hJjQoKK8HtqWuSXvblvij3Rw=/0x0:7952x5304/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:7952x5304):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909964/GettyImages_1180754907.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/XuSMnvnjpkFiWtgVg7eRS9FpOI0=/0x0:7952x5304/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:7952x5304):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909964/GettyImages_1180754907.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/pAT9NshBJr4ey2rWfsPKu6jQCyU=/0x0:7952x5304/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:7952x5304):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909964/GettyImages_1180754907.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/WbCPhmqsThAeLFishf9iAI7R-Ow=/0x0:7952x5304/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:7952x5304):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909964/GettyImages_1180754907.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/140NhNSffw_JMmwxGgg8Ckzimwo=/0x0:7952x5304/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:7952x5304):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909964/GettyImages_1180754907.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/r-hQABRLYoHMeYIcO0RqYIsnF1o=/0x0:7952x5304/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:7952x5304):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909964/GettyImages_1180754907.jpg 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="" data-upload-width="7952" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/vzgBY2Zdcjf1GqutKR0n5vA0jOU=/0x0:7952x5304/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:7952x5304):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909964/GettyImages_1180754907.jpg" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ICwqkjScSHqa1kWguE2owF0PLss=/0x0:7952x5304/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:7952x5304):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909964/GettyImages_1180754907.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/jrVxKX8btCBrMRM7JvClbvUzRYc=/0x0:7952x5304/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:7952x5304):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909964/GettyImages_1180754907.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/j_Aqjo49ruY3PDHLon6EXTttPeU=/0x0:7952x5304/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:7952x5304):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909964/GettyImages_1180754907.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/2duRJpW6Wo2dAwoalx-HxvzKNbk=/0x0:7952x5304/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:7952x5304):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909964/GettyImages_1180754907.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/2vH3TY6-7CdM7CLpd7zrFRU3XM8=/0x0:7952x5304/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:7952x5304):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909964/GettyImages_1180754907.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/RURu3MWj_nOp2TSneFWK0yOaMIA=/0x0:7952x5304/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:7952x5304):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909964/GettyImages_1180754907.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/SmBycc2EQjtPoe4Au61JnCud9Ac=/0x0:7952x5304/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:7952x5304):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909964/GettyImages_1180754907.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/zCgkNIRosBcRdY2nZCnQ3ptfvCI=/0x0:7952x5304/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:7952x5304):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909964/GettyImages_1180754907.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/y_Un66igf4SSvqqkcRm5C_PtFKc=/0x0:7952x5304/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:7952x5304):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22909964/GettyImages_1180754907.jpg 1920w" /></picture></span></span> <figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">Excrement of a blue whale.</span></figcaption> <span class="e-image__meta"><cite>Getty Images</cite></span></figure> <p>Fish are not the only marine creatures shaping ocean chemistry. One <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2010.00356.x">study</a> from 2010, for example, suggests that the feces of baleen whales is rich in iron, which can seed blooms of phytoplankton in the Southern Ocean. That, in turn, <a href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn18807-whale-poop-is-vital-to-oceans-carbon-cycle/">helps draw down carbon</a>.</p> <p>If populations of baleen whales <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/gcb.14573">recover</a> in the Southern Ocean, it might cause populations of some marine organisms in those waters to balloon, the authors write. “This food chain serves to keep more iron in the surface waters where it is useful to phytoplankton, so [it] sustains productivity,” Stephen Nicol, a researcher at the University of Tasmania and the study’s lead author, told Vox.</p> <p>Just as humans have industrialized farming with large, AI-powered tractors and sprawling monocultures, we’ve also figured out how to harvest massive quantities of fish with large nets, trawls, and dredges. In one year, fishing boats can capture <a href="http://www.fao.org/state-of-fisheries-aquaculture">over 80 million</a> tons of seafood. Today, more than half of the oceans are covered by industrial fishing runs, <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.aao5646">research has found</a>, and as of 2017, <a href="http://www.fao.org/state-of-fisheries-aquaculture">a third</a> of the world’s marine fish stocks were overexploited.</p> <p>The problems of overfishing go beyond the damage to important species like <a href="https://www.worldwildlife.org/stories/overfishing-puts-more-than-one-third-of-all-sharks-rays-and-chimaeras-at-risk-of-extinction">sharks and rays</a> and charismatic, endangered species like the <a href="https://www.marinemammalcenter.org/animal-care/learn-about-marine-mammals/cetaceans/vaquita?gclid=CjwKCAjwtfqKBhBoEiwAZuesiIvFirN-KEtOFr5YgNpT_Ct70Y240wOh0eh3LOX3C6qBHJTyiSvlCRoCScMQAvD_BwE">vaquita porpoise</a>. Researchers like Bianchi are showing that they also extend to the climate.</p> <p>By contrasting today’s depleted oceans with a theoretical “unfished” ocean, Bianchi and his co-authors are showing what kinds of benefits a fully stocked ocean provides.</p> <p>“The authors are hypothesizing that an ocean without fishing would potentially have combatted some of the impacts of anthropogenic climate change,” Kramer said. If the ocean wasn’t so overfished, the authors imply that “much more of that carbon would have been taken up,” she said.</p> <p>That’s to say nothing of the carbon that <a href="https://www.vox.com/22335364/climate-change-ocean-fishing-trawling-shrimp-carbon-footprint">bottom-trawling dredges up</a>, or the greenhouse gases emitted by shipping vessels. In 2016, for example, industrial fishing vessels released about 159 million metric tons of CO2 emissions, <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308597X1730893X">one study estimates</a>. That’s roughly equivalent to the <a href="https://www.cbs.nl/en-gb/news/2021/10/greenhouse-gas-emissions-8-percent-down-in-2020">emissions of the Netherlands</a> last year.</p> <p>Putting an end to industrial fishing wouldn’t be easy. Seafood provides protein to some <a href="https://www.edf.org/oceans/overfishing-most-serious-threat-our-oceans">3 billion people</a> worldwide and supports some <a href="http://www.fao.org/state-of-fisheries-aquaculture">60 million jobs</a>. And as marine biologist Daniel Pauly <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/4/13/22380637/seaspiracy-netflix-fact-check-fishing-ocean-plastic-veganism-vegetarianism">argued</a> in response to Netflix’s controversial <em>Seaspiracy</em> documentary, giving up seafood altogether isn’t feasible either. “This is a position that only a small fraction of the population of wealthier countries will take,” he writes.</p> <p>But there are plenty of ways the industry can improve, and gaining a better understanding of how it impacts the Earth’s climate should be part of that change. What Bianchi hopes others take away from the sinking-poop study is that fish are essential to the chemistry of our oceans. “We have altered their biomass,” he said, “and that has consequences.”</p> <br /> <br /> source <a href="https://www.vox.com/down-to-earth/22713250/fish-poop-oceans-carbon-climate-change">https://www.vox.com/down-to-earth/22713250/fish-poop-oceans-carbon-climate-change</a>

vox Climate scientists should pay more attention to fish poop. Really.

Daniele Bianchi, a researcher at the University of California Los Angeles, has a message for climate scientists everywhere: Pay more attenti...

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Goodbye, Mr. Bond

<p>The excitement that greeted the 2006 release of <em>Casino Royale</em>, the first James Bond film to feature Daniel Craig as the legendary MI:6 field agent bearing the 007 designation, was palpable, even from those who had reservations about the film. It was a tighter, more dangerous Bond flick than the goofier Pierce Brosnan incarnations that immediately preceded it, and featured a hero who seemed both stonier and, at times, more human, less caricature of a dashing, devil-may-care spy. Craig didn’t look like the Bond that Ian Fleming described in his novels, but he acted like him and seemed poised to pull the flagging franchise into a new century.</p> <p>“Let the purists squawk,” Ty Burr <a href="http://archive.boston.com/ae/movies/articles/2006/11/16/casino_royale_bond_series_pulls_an_ace_in_daniel_craig/?__goto=loginonlypage">wrote in the Boston Globe</a>. “In Daniel Craig, the Bond franchise has finally found a 007 whose cruel charisma rivals that of Sean Connery.”</p> <p>“<em>Casino Royale</em> is almost everything you want in a Bond movie as well as everything you didn’t know you wanted,” <a href="https://www.salon.com/2006/11/17/casino_4/">wrote</a> Salon critic Stephanie Zacharek. In the New York Times, Manohla Dargis <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/16/arts/16iht-fmreview17.3564568.html?pagewanted=all">called him</a> “a meaner James Bond for these nastier times.”</p> <p>Times have only gotten nastier since 2006, and Daniel Craig’s meaner Bond has endured. He’s now the longest-serving Bond, with five films released across 15 years. It should have been 14 years, but <em>No Time to Die</em>, the latest in the series and definitely Craig’s final installment, was among the first films to be hit by pandemic delays.</p> <p>It’s long been known that <em>No Time to Die</em> marks Craig’s last turn in the iconic role. For years, <a href="https://www.vox.com/2018/8/10/17674666/idris-elba-james-bond-casting-history-daniel-craig">speculation has swirled</a> about who the next Bond will be — speculation that, at this point, is probably one of the franchise’s best marketing tools. What better way, in a movie landscape soaked with franchises and heroes, to remind people that Bond still exists than to float the rumor that, say, <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_YLL_9tdbBg">Idris Elba or Emily Blunt</a> will play the agent next?</p> <p>The casting question isn’t just a headline-grabber, though. It plays into a bigger question about James Bond: What will the next Bond be <em>like</em>?</p> <figure class="e-image"><span class="e-image__inner"><span class="e-image__image" data-original="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907613/bond2.jpeg"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1633735159_2506_105931" data-cdata='{"asset_id":22907613,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Rt-nlnSJpXYnhjasalHUwFpShkI=/0x0:2634x1482/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2634x1482):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907613/bond2.jpeg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/TzBIORLkoEKE4Ax_9GRdHH_6PMA=/0x0:2634x1482/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2634x1482):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907613/bond2.jpeg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/MqQRHUKVWyNJWKtMZ5vw8caiDEs=/0x0:2634x1482/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2634x1482):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907613/bond2.jpeg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/_k1n4-W0c3f3gJwxJM5NP29Ui10=/0x0:2634x1482/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2634x1482):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907613/bond2.jpeg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/2-nZsAtsurLW83CynmSlV-22T_Q=/0x0:2634x1482/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:2634x1482):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907613/bond2.jpeg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/wvS6dCB_Ji8oaJmYLydL0b4X-oc=/0x0:2634x1482/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2634x1482):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907613/bond2.jpeg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Z1TOlzdxiMtxO1qt90rZT_irOVw=/0x0:2634x1482/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2634x1482):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907613/bond2.jpeg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/BFFmn8Cxo0vtbtJ_YVzxjW-g814=/0x0:2634x1482/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2634x1482):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907613/bond2.jpeg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/YJW-zfpmPqItaQ1D4-cavp-XGQw=/0x0:2634x1482/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2634x1482):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907613/bond2.jpeg 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="James Bond in a grey suit and shades walking down a city street." data-upload-width="2634" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/uWRdNhz54ZIMWnMoaz6V9twaPuo=/0x0:2634x1482/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:2634x1482):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907613/bond2.jpeg" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Qfd_9tsuGjh5i1kPX1nQVbeRDUg=/0x0:2634x1482/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2634x1482):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907613/bond2.jpeg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/XNxH-VExqAx9IuqCt-zCkQ3Jlz8=/0x0:2634x1482/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2634x1482):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907613/bond2.jpeg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/RKCevGNMbGrDCwXe82wEMLIPAAs=/0x0:2634x1482/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2634x1482):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907613/bond2.jpeg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/cCEiW15ifS2OYc0VOER8_W-xTCs=/0x0:2634x1482/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2634x1482):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907613/bond2.jpeg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/yMTt8zZIkdFYro-L8Mka_8JdTfQ=/0x0:2634x1482/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:2634x1482):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907613/bond2.jpeg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/eL0sxpSO6NTXU_m1JkX61D-3Pag=/0x0:2634x1482/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2634x1482):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907613/bond2.jpeg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/aPPDblPU5olDyGSX2lC0NecITN4=/0x0:2634x1482/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2634x1482):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907613/bond2.jpeg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/szRNS6yyou2K6hX7CJBcazFMrvQ=/0x0:2634x1482/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2634x1482):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907613/bond2.jpeg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/w3c7FrmQrpgmKQ-DiY6IkhHs19Q=/0x0:2634x1482/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2634x1482):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907613/bond2.jpeg 1920w" /></picture></span></span> <figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">Daniel Craig was a steely, morose Bond.</span></figcaption> <span class="e-image__meta"><cite>Nicola Dove/MGM</cite></span></figure> <p>Sean Connery’s Bond was suave, promiscuous, and amoral, with no compunction about killing anyone who gets in his way. As the first actor to play 007, in seven movies starting in 1962, Connery is inextricably linked to the agent’s favorite drink — a martini, shaken not stirred, which incidentally <a href="https://www.drinkspirits.com/gin/james-bond-wrong-shake-martinis/#:~:text=Ian%20Fleming%20and%20Bond%20were,impacted%20literally%20millions%20of%20drinkers.&text=For%20a%20martini%2C%20there%20is,also%20dilutes%20and%20aerates%20it.">is a terrible way to make a martini</a> — and to the catchphrase “Bond, James Bond,” which has been echoed and parodied a million ways.</p> <p>Roger Moore, in contrast, never ordered that silly martini nor drove the signature Aston Martin during his stint in the ’70s and ’80s, and <a href="https://screenrant.com/james-bond-roger-moore-best-bond/">he was a campy charmer</a>. (He went to space!) The short-lived, late-’80s era of Timothy Dalton was rougher around the edges, in keeping with what <a href="https://thereveal.substack.com/p/dalton-timothy-dalton-agent-double">critic Keith Phipps recently termed</a> “a leading man who sometimes looks as if he’s in the midst of a final exam for which he hasn’t studied enough.” Then in the ’90s came Pierce Brosnan, smooth as silk, <a href="https://www.esquire.com/uk/life/a37708482/the-evolution-of-james-bond-body/">pretty and smirking,</a> looking as if he was born in a tuxedo. (George Lazenby never really had a chance to shape the character, as he only got one crack at him in 1969’s <em>On Her Majesty’s Secret Service</em> and then declined to continue in the role.)</p> <p>Daniel Craig’s Bond has been <a href="http://reverseshot.org/archive/entry/197/casino_royale_and_new_james_bond">sexy</a> and clever, his chiseled jaw set with determination throughout his yearslong pursuit of revenge following the death of his beloved Vesper Lynd (Eva Green) near the end of <em>Casino Royale</em>. He’s been (somewhat) less beset by the absurdly casual misogyny of the first few decades of Bond, and his gadgets have felt a little more directed toward an end than just fun doohickeys for the audience to marvel at. His globetrotting adventures have been much more haunted by the past.</p> <p>That’s probably because, <a href="https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/movie-news/spectre-how-the-multiverse-era-killed-james-bond-65346/">as many have noted</a>, the arc of Craig’s run as Bond was visibly influenced by arguably the most important development in 21st-century big-budget Hollywood: the interconnected cinematic universe ushered in by the most recent style of superhero movie. As David Ehrlich <a href="https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/movie-news/spectre-how-the-multiverse-era-killed-james-bond-65346/">wrote in Rolling Stone</a>, “Until 2008, the James Bond franchise was a lot like <em>Groundhog Day</em>” — every film as a variation on a theme, without one having much bearing on the next. Bond never aged, though the actor who played him did, and time never really passed. His existence was not wholly unlike, say, that of <em>The Simpsons</em>.</p> <figure class="e-image"><span class="e-image__inner"><span class="e-image__image" data-original="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907625/bond3.jpeg"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1633735159_7872_105932" data-cdata='{"asset_id":22907625,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/a_IQIwIG5BlKgTDDD3Pn7_zFYII=/0x0:1980x1080/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1980x1080):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907625/bond3.jpeg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/AL3hf4hwSAW5kZchQv3sb51BYN8=/0x0:1980x1080/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1980x1080):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907625/bond3.jpeg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/j09URF5LlqyqaV3n5pv_jqrNoCE=/0x0:1980x1080/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1980x1080):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907625/bond3.jpeg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/G9fuDiwDwIz0-ALtzr7JlDCufRM=/0x0:1980x1080/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1980x1080):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907625/bond3.jpeg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/sZj_g50EpAEYJOx6TOsNbveBfpg=/0x0:1980x1080/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:1980x1080):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907625/bond3.jpeg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ysfz7HgskSzlPx1HwGNRuhBbKt4=/0x0:1980x1080/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1980x1080):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907625/bond3.jpeg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/HgE1Pnw_EYkDjeb1fUmY_V-xlpQ=/0x0:1980x1080/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1980x1080):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907625/bond3.jpeg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ZDRPbee0pFg5Uo0ps0fWGa-ztAg=/0x0:1980x1080/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1980x1080):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907625/bond3.jpeg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/qGUO0qvRWLRX2xaxoO5UklvNHk8=/0x0:1980x1080/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1980x1080):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907625/bond3.jpeg 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="James Bond with a gun." data-upload-width="1980" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Fr8XPDnUJi0ixuq9vndqpVCgXJU=/0x0:1980x1080/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:1980x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907625/bond3.jpeg" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/56qdFYPRBaeHxiYzHac2S9NDMgQ=/0x0:1980x1080/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1980x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907625/bond3.jpeg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/zqZe1kNKFWHjImoCAr0WsbvhZLg=/0x0:1980x1080/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1980x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907625/bond3.jpeg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/dbggyEvVEnnc0vV9kq-MDQxNTsU=/0x0:1980x1080/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1980x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907625/bond3.jpeg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/7gkZW_YcqW5rvlnQEu2jqIja-W8=/0x0:1980x1080/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1980x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907625/bond3.jpeg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/9Riq3gpHVECwyUpe-yjdDh1sjGA=/0x0:1980x1080/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:1980x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907625/bond3.jpeg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/mM9YhBknDJHtr90DUjSFWGpYl0I=/0x0:1980x1080/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1980x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907625/bond3.jpeg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Yq8SRc4uSBOq6quU0wKJeC8Apgk=/0x0:1980x1080/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1980x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907625/bond3.jpeg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/IzflHN-F_yegzzMombP4mKY-upI=/0x0:1980x1080/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1980x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907625/bond3.jpeg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/xBWjeo4RHqRyvyfvaLaCrZNPd1E=/0x0:1980x1080/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1980x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907625/bond3.jpeg 1920w" /></picture></span></span> <figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">He’s still got it.</span></figcaption> <span class="e-image__meta"><cite>MGM</cite></span></figure> <p>Change first came for Bond when <em>Casino Royale</em> effectively rebooted the franchise entirely in 2006, and then again in 2008, when <em>Quantum of Solace</em> not only acknowledged the existence of <em>Casino Royale</em> but presented itself as a direct sequel. Characters and plots continued from the previous film. Bond couldn’t just get over the death of Vesper Lynd, and most of the film is devoted to his seeking revenge.</p> <p>Then there were the villains, who — drawing on Bond lore dating back to the earliest Fleming novels — were slowly revealed over the course of the Craig-era films to be part of a shadowy umbrella organization called SPECTRE. Fleming introduced SPECTRE in 1961’s <em>Thunderball</em>, specifically designing it to be unlinked to any nation-state. Although he was writing during the Cold War and knew <em>Thunderball</em> would be adapted into a movie, he feared it would be over by the time the movie wrapped production, and thus, the stories would feel outdated. So the aims of SPECTRE and its leader, Dr. Ernst Blofeld (played in the latest movies by Christoph Waltz), have always been a tad unclear. It’s an empty shell into which each era can pour its own fears.</p> <p>Meanwhile, in fighting SPECTRE, Bond has come to feel a lot less like a spy and a lot more like a ... superhero? In 2009, <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44019224">Robert Arnett convincingly argued</a> that <em>Casino Royale</em> was designed and structured like a superhero origin film, much like the ones that flooded the cinematic landscape around the same time, like <em>Spider-Man</em> (2002), <em>Batman Begins</em> (2005), and <em>Iron Man</em> (2008). Each of these films rebooted the mythology of their iconic title character with a broodier, darker figure at the core, allowing him to spend the whole film becoming the hero we know he’s going to be. Craig’s Bond even saves the “Bond ... James Bond” line for the very end of <em>Casino Royale</em>, taking up the identity just like Spider-Man and Iron Man did. Then the familiar theme plays, and the fans cheer.</p> <p>So it’s not too surprising that the five Craig-era Bond movies mimic the arc of a superhero rather than working as just five fun, loosely connected spy movies. They suffer at times from ponderous retconning and end-tying (particularly 2015’s <em>Spectre</em> and, to a degree, 2012’s <em>Skyfall</em>), all in an effort to tie everything to SPECTRE and also to Bond’s youthful backstory; like many a superhero before him, it turns out, he’s an orphan. But whenever Craig dons the tuxedo, you get the feeling it’s less of a natural second skin (as it felt on Connery and Brosnan) and more of a cape or disguise, a uniform for carrying out a mission.</p> <p>The villainy that emerges in <em>No Time to Die</em> seems ripped straight from the last few installments of the <em>Avengers</em> cycle, with a central figure who claims that all he wants to do is help mankind evolve in a better direction. (That villain is played by Oscar-winner Rami Malek, and his performance is, unfortunately, very bad.) <em>No Time to Die</em> exists to wrap up lots of plot lines — it feels, like 2019’s <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/2019/4/23/18512851/avengers-endgame-review-marvel-miracle"><em>Avengers: Endgame</em></a>, like the end of a cycle, a grand epic about sacrifice and the future of mankind. But it also gives us a Bond with more emotion and maybe even humanity than many of his predecessors seemed to possess.</p> <figure class="e-image"><span class="e-image__inner"><span class="e-image__image" data-original="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907619/bond1.jpeg"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1633735159_3092_105933" data-cdata='{"asset_id":22907619,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/3B-tRWKYYvKKJeHHotnRjbmhL_k=/0x0:2000x1333/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2000x1333):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907619/bond1.jpeg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/PqHtgaXz6QB6DGIV_O-xuXOVFSI=/0x0:2000x1333/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2000x1333):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907619/bond1.jpeg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/HH-zVg3VpPo6EpfeUjCaI21j_6g=/0x0:2000x1333/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2000x1333):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907619/bond1.jpeg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ukr71sCZcsmYeJYWwq2OZLpjHY8=/0x0:2000x1333/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2000x1333):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907619/bond1.jpeg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/pzT3XypZax-2Y75exrAHstnpTnc=/0x0:2000x1333/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:2000x1333):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907619/bond1.jpeg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/DFuZdpbDuuWZ9LXFNv36BQOrrgU=/0x0:2000x1333/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2000x1333):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907619/bond1.jpeg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/VtqZDYhPERDNmVRnU001EQFA0vc=/0x0:2000x1333/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2000x1333):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907619/bond1.jpeg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/sGHbzyCKb-tiuldN-Mh02_CPREM=/0x0:2000x1333/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2000x1333):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907619/bond1.jpeg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/F9l2obvSPdool40ZS0qGh1Ht9bA=/0x0:2000x1333/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2000x1333):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907619/bond1.jpeg 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="James Bond and Paloma at a bar in formalwear." data-upload-width="2000" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/QHV9-heJ2iCz7nrMXiS_fVzxpQQ=/0x0:2000x1333/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:2000x1333):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907619/bond1.jpeg" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/1ApIKqSHuKmFrOJ26u0on5qNwdg=/0x0:2000x1333/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2000x1333):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907619/bond1.jpeg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/GVMPkr_Dqykwe1qnKi5CDVLubTM=/0x0:2000x1333/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2000x1333):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907619/bond1.jpeg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Oo8Ui47TWdYDhCAHclE5e29iH1k=/0x0:2000x1333/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2000x1333):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907619/bond1.jpeg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/2ywUHueFcdPDw8D0g5If_iATYR0=/0x0:2000x1333/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2000x1333):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907619/bond1.jpeg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/JMQWyazl3WOgHMd6PQAKsRBCQYA=/0x0:2000x1333/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:2000x1333):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907619/bond1.jpeg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Rxxcy4NJamr-8u9v_qcp9bkubg8=/0x0:2000x1333/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2000x1333):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907619/bond1.jpeg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/yv9Y4xKqK3kIHA4ZIJNbuDmyLXA=/0x0:2000x1333/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2000x1333):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907619/bond1.jpeg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/l_SDDXqMjRvAsvoE7NP22GSaZyA=/0x0:2000x1333/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2000x1333):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907619/bond1.jpeg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/_TpUgAgLyyFosSTIso5kwG1b_6o=/0x0:2000x1333/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2000x1333):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22907619/bond1.jpeg 1920w" /></picture></span></span> <figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">Daniel Craig and Ana de Armas in <em>No Time to Die.</em></span></figcaption> <span class="e-image__meta"><cite>MGM</cite></span></figure> <p>For one thing, he’s definitely been aging. <em>No Time to Die</em> can’t stop pointing out how old Daniel Craig is (around 50, when he shot the movie), and how a new generation is poised to take over both the heroism and the villainy of the previous one. Bond briefly loses his 007 designation to a younger agent (Lashana Lynch), who wouldn’t dream of the kind of personal behavior Bond canonically engages in on the job. He fights alongside a CIA agent named Paloma (Ana de Armas) and seems surprised when he realizes she’s really good at what she’s doing. The world that Craig’s Bond inhabited is passing. It’s only a matter of time before we get an M (currently Ralph Fiennes) who’s of the new era, too.</p> <p>So now the question remains: What will the James Bond of the future be like? At least for now, it seems likely that superhero franchises will keep driving box office revenue for years to come; it seems unlikely that MGM, the studio that produces the Bond films, wouldn’t keep banking on a superhero-like Bond. The flexibility of 007 to inhabit the cinematic tropes and fears of his time has always been to his advantage. Bond is a cipher for an age, and he’s already battled evil global superpowers, would-be nuclear terrorists, and the issue de rigueur of the day — environmental catastrophe.</p> <p>Well, the great film producer Samuel Goldwyn (whose name is the G in MGM) allegedly said that one should “never make forecasts, especially about the future.” So I don’t know what the next Bond looks like. Perhaps he (or she) will become more tech-savvy. Or maybe future installments of the franchise will go back to space <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/22583997/billionaires-blue-origin-elon-musk-jeff-bezos-rockets-planes-commercial-space-tourism">to take down some evil billionaire who’s gadding about</a> while the world dies beneath them. It seems probable that the next James Bond won’t be yet another white guy with a posh accent; maybe a fresh perspective will bring new ideas to the franchise, new ways into a story that’s getting very old.</p> <p>Because, at the end of the day, what does James Bond have left to say? He’s a relic of an era in which it was comforting, and plausible, to imagine super-secret spies who serve a government’s interests and, in the process, protect all of us from harm. Today, with networks of billionaire elites providing ample fodder for <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/22252171/qanon-donald-trump-conspiracy-theories">conspiracy theorists</a>, many of whom might style <em>themselves</em> as the patriotic agents who have to take down the villains, the Bond setup, with a philandering tux-clad superhero of sorts at its core, might just not hack it anymore.</p> <p>Then again, when Daniel Craig was cast as Bond, the series felt like it was entirely out of juice. So who knows what will happen? It could be that it’s time to let the Bond franchise die. Or perhaps, when all is said and done, it’s still ... well ... you know the joke.</p> <p>No Time to Die <em>is in theaters now.</em></p> <br /> <br /> source <a href="https://www.vox.com/22709339/james-bond-no-time-die-review-daniel-craig">https://www.vox.com/22709339/james-bond-no-time-die-review-daniel-craig</a>

vox Goodbye, Mr. Bond

The excitement that greeted the 2006 release of Casino Royale , the first James Bond film to feature Daniel Craig as the legendary MI:6 fiel...

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The appeal and the shortcomings of women-only gyms

<div><img class="ff-og-image-inserted" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/VLp-UIOPTEqZDtCAVQfECezG1nA=/147x0:5833x2977/fit-in/1200x630/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902683/GettyImages_1156397190.jpg" /></div> <p>Back in the late aughts, when I was a chubby middle-schooler vowing that “<em>this</em> summer would be the summer that I’d get skinny,” I begged my mother for a Curves membership. Curves — one of the largest women-only gyms in the country — was, to my mind, exactly what I needed to finally be able to fit into the size-zero jeans my peers wore. (That never ended up happening.)</p> <p>It’s an age-old conundrum: I felt too insecure about my body to go to the gym and work out, but I probably would have felt better about my body if I went to the gym and worked out. As a middle-schooler in the 2000s, nothing was more embarrassing than being seen exercising in public if you weren’t already thin and thought of as “<a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/2020/1/15/21060692/lizzo-jillian-michaels-body-positivity-backlash">physically fit</a>.”</p> <p>There was no “fit at any size” movement during that time. Instead, there was my yearly physical, with its annual reminder that I was, according to my BMI, obese. Never mind that I was healthy by all other metrics and participated in sports year-round; never mind that I was strong for my age and gender. To the world, I was fat and unfit and had to go to the gym as penance.</p> <p>And if there was one thing an unconfident 11-year-old couldn’t do, it was work out among dozens of muscular, in-shape men. There was something so intimidating about those male gym regulars. The idea of one taking notice of my existence in their space, their domain? As a preteen with no idea how to even talk to boys her own age, working out with full-grown men was not going to happen.</p> <div class="c-float-right"> <aside><q>And if there was one thing an unconfident 11-year-old couldn’t do, it was work out among dozens of muscular, in-shape men</q></aside> </div> <p>My mom didn’t end up springing for the Curves membership or any other women’s gym — but plenty of other women did. Curves became synonymous with women-only gyms and, at its peak, was <a href="https://www.referenceforbusiness.com/history2/15/Curves-International-Inc.html">one of the fastest-growing franchises</a> not only in the country but also globally. Other national franchises like Lucille Roberts, alongside local women-only gyms around the world, offered the benefits of a single-gender fitness environment that I so desperately looked for as a preteen, and in the early 2000s, their <a href="http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/diet.fitness/05/31/women.only.wmd/index.html">popularity</a> was thriving.</p> <p>Today, single-sex gyms have fallen out of favor as a fitness trend (quite a few Curves, for instance, <a href="http://www.unhappyfranchisee.com/curves-franchise-failures/">have closed</a>). And for many, frankly, they don’t feel very 2021. With the rise of studio exercise classes, which are often de facto single-gender, their necessity is less clear, and their explicit delineation around gender raises <a href="https://apnews.com/article/courts-religion-sports-lifestyle-ea132a3d9ebb1141b4cad7a368877aa9">questions of inclusivity</a>, particularly when it comes to trans and nonbinary gym-goers.</p> <p>Curves states on its website, at least, that it does not discriminate by race, gender, or sexual orientation. But some women’s gyms have seriously dropped the ball, asking <a href="https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2018/05/29/transgender-woman-reacts-furiously-after-being-turned-away-from-womens-only-gym/">incredibly invasive questions</a> about trans women’s transitions and implementing discriminatory practices based on their perceptions of womanhood. And for nonbinary people, “women-only” messaging can be exclusionary, which is unfortunate for a space that strives to be a place of comfort.</p> <p>Still, for many, these gyms represent a way to reach your fitness goals and maintain a healthy lifestyle, free from the intimidation and harassment often present in co-ed gyms. You can’t talk about the benefits of women’s gyms without talking about harassment in co-ed gyms.</p> <p>A <a href="https://www.exercisebike.net/sexual-harassment-gym/">2018 survey by an exercise product site</a> found that nearly one in five women said they had experienced harassment at the gym, causing the majority of them to change their behavior in some way. From changing what they wore (or their workout program) to considering an all-women gym to refraining from going to the gym at all, it is a common occurrence for women to adjust their lives based on what happens at the gym. In an ideal world, the gym is supposed to be a safe space, but the behavior of other gym-goers can seriously infringe on that.</p> <p>Courtney Tenz, a German-based copywriter and brand marketing lecturer, says an all-women gym helped her get over her fears of working out in public when she was living in Boston in her early 20s. The gym felt safe and welcoming, and the trainers were incredibly supportive.</p> <div class="c-float-right"> <aside><q>“It’s much more than a gym, it’s a community”</q></aside> </div> <p>Similarly, L’Oreal Thompson Payton, a Chicago-based writer and editor, says she feels at home when she’s working out around only women. Payton, who attended an all-girls Catholic high school, appreciates the feelings of “solidarity and sisterhood” she found at her pole-dancing studio. “It’s much more than a gym, it’s a community,” she says. Unlike Curves or Lucille Roberts, the studio was a de facto women-only space, but Payton found the same solace that women sought in those gyms.</p> <p>Charisma Lowe, a 26-year-old social media manager based in Atlanta, works out with a female trainer in a co-ed gym and says men constantly come up to her and her trainer to give them tips.</p> <p>“There’s a lot of micromanaging, and I’m not sure if they mean any harm, but it comes across like she doesn’t know what she’s doing,” Lowe says. “But obviously, I hired her because she knows what she’s doing.” Lowe is also hypersensitive to what she wears while working out, having gotten looks once for donning just a sports bra on a hot day. She sticks to T-shirts no matter the weather, and has even gone so far as to wear sweaters to the gym.</p> <p>And Sade Adebayo, a 29-year-old powerlifter from Virginia, complained that she faced sexual harassment when working out in a co-ed gym. Men would make comments about her body, telling her not to work out her upper body and to focus on her glutes and legs. Other times, men would strike up inappropriate conversations with her. Some would even go as far as inappropriately spotting her by putting their genitals on her. Adebayo also says men would use their size and stature to intimidate her and make her feel uncomfortable at the gym.</p> <p>For reasons like these, I once thought working out among other women seemed like the perfect way to mitigate <a href="https://www.thecut.com/2014/01/women-get-twice-as-often-as-men.html">gymtimidation</a> and harassment. And for many, women-only gyms may feel like a godsend. However, I’ve realized as I’ve grown older that it’s not always that simple. Working out among only women definitely offers benefits and a level of comfortability that I yearned for. But when you’re trying to navigate feelings of intimidation, shame, or unwelcomeness in the gym, there are other factors that come into play.</p> <p><a href="https://www.instagram.com/ashleighkast/">Ashleigh Kast</a>, a fitness coach who specializes in working with women who have metabolic and autoimmune issues, says women’s gyms, such as Curves, that offer a model of “women-specific” fitness perpetuate harmful myths about gender and fitness. “[Places like Curves] thrive on the understanding that men and women should train extremely differently, which is not true or founded in science,” Kast says.</p> <p>As a result, Kast thinks of gyms like Curves as less intense. While <a href="https://www.shape.com/fitness/workouts/does-curves-workout-work">Curves workouts can be pretty effective</a>, Kast says Curves has marketed itself in a way that differentiates it from more challenging programs. It may be the case that in an attempt to seem more feminine, the marketing made Curves workouts seem less difficult.</p> <p>And even though Tenz, the copywriter, fell in love with her gym in Boston, for her the women-only gyms in Germany left something to be desired. “I tried one for a few months, but it mostly felt like a place where retirees went to socialize, so it didn’t feel as powerful to work out there. It was great for them, though, just not enough for me,” she says.</p> <p>Sade used to work out at a local Gold’s Gym that offered a section called “Lady Gold’s.” Even though Sade doesn’t have any complaints about the environment there, the lackluster equipment made it impossible to stay in that section. “If I did want to work out exclusively in Lady Gold’s, I would have limited equipment available to me,” she says. To Sade, the variety and quality of the equipment just weren’t comparable to that of the gym’s co-ed area.</p> <p>Now Sade works out in a specialized powerlifting gym, which she says definitely has its perks: There’s a camaraderie that you get from exercising in a space where people have similar goals, and she’s never experienced sexual harassment at her powerlifting gym.</p> <div class="c-float-right"> <aside><q>Going to a gym that was filled with women who shared a common goal that wasn’t about aesthetics felt incredibly empowering</q></aside> </div> <p>Much later in life, I had the opportunity and privilege of working out in a gym that was majority women. For a few months, I went to a powerlifting gym that had an all-women competition team. As someone who had perfected her resting bitch face to ward off any comments or looks when I went to a commercial gym, going to a gym filled with women who shared a common goal that wasn’t about aesthetics felt incredibly empowering. And our goals that were aesthetic were as varied and diverse as we were. We were a group of women that were unafraid of looking “bulky.” Instead, we were in awe of the physical representations of our hard work, like our muscular thighs and our calloused hands.</p> <p>Reflecting now, I realize that Curves may not have been the best place for me. Curves, and other women’s gyms, have a perception of being for a certain type of demographic: older people, but also skinny people. The feelings of self-consciousness wouldn’t subside if my larger, Black body was working out among a gym full of thinner, white ones. It felt like everyone was pursuing the same aesthetic, one I knew I would never achieve.</p> <p>I’m not 11 years old anymore. I no longer have to ask my mom for permission for anything, let alone a gym membership. But what I consider a safe, inclusive workout space looks a lot different from the Curves commercials I was watching as a preteen. It’s not just about the gender makeup of a gym.</p> <p>Really, what we’re looking for, and what gyms like Curves were trying to offer, is a space where we can come in, work out, and not think. Not think about other people’s or even our own opinions of our bodies. At the end of the day, we’re just trying to do something that is good for our physical and mental health. If you can find that in a Curves gym, then good. But if you haven’t found it, it’s definitely out there. And you may have the legacy of Curves to thank for it.</p> <p><em>Chika Ekemezie is the founder of</em> <a href="https://www.getrevue.co/profile/twentysomething"><em>twenty-something</em></a> <em>and a Philadelphian who writes about sex, dating, and the politics of daily life. You can find her work in publications like Cosmopolitan, Vice, and Bustle. Follow her on</em> <a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://mailtrack.io/trace/link/8dd0d34d4a92b72f7f7fb267d943291b41ce1490?url=http*3A*2F*2Fclick.revue.email*2Fss*2Fc*2FOvZMTmFNG_ogo9mVNMFA33KaPv7N-2vAJ5VYJ1ygn-1YCrStDhba-GhM4PsZnJu2teuzx-2OPxOujrT6ifY_SbqB2i4fxDJ7fotyRazJ1EInLt5qnyNwtDNfOdfB-J0wm9cwAvst7yIHOW3Lsv_Bujr18Zs4ngKWBFHi2Hcl-vY*2F3fq*2FmAEG-wxaSeSVuPBli2q8Fg*2Fh2*2FsSatmmcI5ZTdmjWZZyXCZkrAbyDhI1Lnh2IGB0PywD0&userId=6201511&signature=8431ec2c4fb3bc84__;JSUlJSUlJSUlJQ!!FCkwbCh4Gg!KvmfIBB8dpRLrp-bPEjf_wFUIG2Bc01PjgAhKHSc0uxVhWPjGGhf5H-MgM_ZawV8XAnJ%24"><em>Twitter</em></a> <em>and</em> <a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://mailtrack.io/trace/link/e28a1d5b3a92eff7235f0069aadbb5ad008ad655?url=http*3A*2F*2Fclick.revue.email*2Fss*2Fc*2FXN2t88CAhalHja1RClwc6tx3SM3tHWydEUi_5PVKrvi7naafarqPtbcTWbalvGf8ib5iLg0dlwCINVzIug8m0TzJDwG0Fb567JSYrKP5angVoI531B9M4sXZkpT_k5hFnQYCfsUUoKVYG-zd_7tgi5ZIDQiLJ6_lDA-IB_2f3dQ*2F3fq*2FmAEG-wxaSeSVuPBli2q8Fg*2Fh3*2F-quho2tDgaAdBEergub1QcLOmfaAvrZo6fzutB9vHkU&userId=6201511&signature=d4bf0b9db956ab30__;JSUlJSUlJSUlJQ!!FCkwbCh4Gg!KvmfIBB8dpRLrp-bPEjf_wFUIG2Bc01PjgAhKHSc0uxVhWPjGGhf5H-MgM_Za0jJs68z%24"><em>Instagram</em></a><em>.</em></p> <br /> <br /> source <a href="https://www.vox.com/22709598/women-only-gyms-curves-gender-trans">https://www.vox.com/22709598/women-only-gyms-curves-gender-trans</a>

vox The appeal and the shortcomings of women-only gyms

Back in the late aughts, when I was a chubby middle-schooler vowing that “ this summer would be the summer that I’d get skinny,” I begged ...

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Is Biden’s legislative agenda popular? Yes, but …

<div><img class="ff-og-image-inserted" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/dQWr1GlX4Cvvg71QckyIDvUQQd4=/0x359:5331x3150/fit-in/1200x630/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22908633/GettyImages_1345175573__1_.jpg" /></div> <p>On the surface, this week’s <a href="https://poll.qu.edu/poll-release?releaseid=3823">new poll from Quinnipiac University</a> had good news for Democrats about <a href="https://www.vox.com/22577374/reconciliation-bill-biden-medicare-climate">the big spending bill</a> the party is trying to pass through Congress. Presented with a description of the bill’s $3.5 trillion price tag and some of its priorities, 57 percent of adults polled said they supported it, and only 40 percent were opposed — good numbers for this polarized country.</p> <p>But that same poll had a more ominous finding for Democrats: A plurality of voters said they wanted Republicans to regain control of the House of Representatives. Just 43 percent of adults surveyed wanted to keep Democrats in charge of the chamber, compared to 46 percent who wanted the GOP to take over.</p> <p>These are the unusual political dynamics around President Joe Biden’s top legislative priority, known as the Build Back Better Act. People think it sounds good. There’s not much of a <a href="https://www.vox.com/22245242/democratic-agenda-backlash-biden-midterms">backlash</a>. But it doesn’t seem to be the key to Democrats’ future electoral success, either, if many swing voters want to vote for the party that opposes it in the next election.</p> <p>This may be because many Americans simply don’t yet know what’s in the bill, so the stakes aren’t yet concrete for them. The bill has only recently started to dominate headlines, and the emphasis has often been on Democratic disarray and legislative drama rather than on <a href="https://thecolumn.substack.com/p/the-actual-human-stakes-of-the-reconciliation?justPublished=true">what the bill proposes to do for people</a>. I’ve written an <a href="https://www.vox.com/22577374/reconciliation-bill-biden-medicare-climate">extensive rundown</a> of what may be included in the bill, and the information is out there for those who seek it out, but these details have often been absent from media coverage.</p> <p>Another possibility is that there’s a disconnect between the forward-looking ambitions of the Build Back Better Act and the current situation in the country. As <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-10-03/biden-and-democrats-need-more-short-term-thinking-about-economy">Matt Yglesias writes</a>, this bill was largely crafted in a pre-delta-variant world. The administration expected it would be debated when the Covid-19 pandemic was all but defeated domestically and the economy was roaring back. The bill was meant to be a pivot from a successful crisis response to the Democratic coalition’s long-held priorities. But the <a href="https://www.vox.com/e/22476778">crisis is largely still here</a>, and voters know it.</p> <p>It’s difficult to place the Build Back Better Act on the ideological spectrum. On the one hand, it spends trillions on progressive priorities, and Sen. Bernie Sanders is a big fan. On the other hand, it’s been carefully designed so it avoids hot-button social issues and doesn’t take anything away from anyone except rich people and corporations. The major beneficiaries include the poor and clean energy industries but also many seniors and parents. It’s a big and significant bill, but not really a radical one.</p> <p>The bill is essentially a grab bag, combining the top priorities that President Biden campaigned on with those of congressional Democrats — at least, all the priorities that qualify for the Senate’s special filibuster-proof budget reconciliation process. Everything in the bill has to clearly affect the federal budget, so there’s nothing about <a href="https://www.vox.com/22346812/voting-rights-bill-hr1-for-the-people-act">voting rights</a>, immigration provisions <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/09/29/politics/senate-parliamentarian-immigration-budget-economy/index.html">may be dropped</a>, and its provisions are generally about spending money rather than changing regulations.</p> <p>Still, the current version of the bill tries to tackle <a href="https://www.vox.com/22577374/reconciliation-bill-biden-medicare-climate">a great many things</a> — fighting poverty, combating climate change, expanding health care benefits, helping with child-raising expenses, offering universal pre-K and free community college, housing policy, tax policy, and more. (Moderate Democrats like Sen. <a href="https://www.vox.com/22339531/manchin-filibuster-bipartisanship-senate-west-virginia">Joe Manchin</a> of West Virginia may force some of these policies to be cut back or dropped in the final version.)</p> <p>The pandemic crisis doesn’t necessarily make these issues less important. Indeed, some of them, like burdensome child care expenses and gaps in the safety net, are arguably more urgent. Other problems, like the climate, <a href="https://www.vox.com/22685920/democrats-infrastructure-build-back-better-climate-change">certainly aren’t just going away</a>. And the bill extends some important measures first passed in the pandemic relief bill, like the expanded child tax credit.</p> <p>But overall, this is a bill crafted to advance long-held priorities of the Democratic coalition — not, necessarily, one aimed at addressing issues that are top of mind for swing voters, or that will help the party most electorally. A bill like that might be more laser-focused on the pandemic or the economy.</p> <p>In that, there’s one major similarity to the first-year legislative agenda of President Barack Obama.</p> <p>Elected in the midst of the Great Recession, Obama spent his first few months dealing with the economic crisis before pivoting to trying to pass his major health reform bill — a longtime Democratic priority.</p> <p>The problem was that the economic crisis was not yet fixed — the unemployment rate remained stubbornly high. And though he passed the Affordable Care Act, his approval rating dropped, and Democrats were shellacked in the ensuing 2010 midterms.</p> <p>History could be repeating itself. Currently, the pandemic, the economy, and “poor leadership” are the top problems American adults think are facing the country, <a href="https://news.gallup.com/poll/355511/gop-viewed-better-party-security-prosperity.aspx">according to a recent Gallup poll</a>. Relatively few respondents named climate change, health care, or poverty as their top priority, but those are the top issues tackled in Biden’s bill.</p> <p>Still, there are major differences with how the debate over the Build Back Better Act has played out so far.</p> <p>Obamacare <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2009/10/08/mixed-views-of-economic-policies-and-health-care-reform-persist/">polled poorly</a> by this point in 2009; Biden’s bill doesn’t. The intense backlash on the right that ensued over Obamacare has not materialized this time around — Republican politicians are opposing it, but the GOP base seems more energized by culture war issues and the pandemic.</p> <p>Biden’s bill also hasn’t dominated public and media attention like the many-months-long Obamacare debate. This may be a consequence of crafting a bill that does so many things, but that is also designed to be unobjectionable: It lacks the central story and conflict that media outlets search for when they make programming choices. Often, more dramatic issues like the pandemic and the pullout of troops from Afghanistan have dominated headlines instead. And when the bill does come to the fore, the frame is usually about how Democrats are fighting over it and struggling to reach agreement, not about what the bill would do.</p> <p>Perhaps, as Speaker Nancy Pelosi <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2017/3/18/14957708/pelosi-pass-the-bill">once famously said</a> about Obamacare, Democrats have to pass the Build Back Better Act so the public can find what’s in it. That is, once members of the public start getting the benefits from this bill, it will become popular — as happened with Obamacare. That does not mean that this bill will become a vote-winner for Democrats, but it could ensure achievements stand the test of time or make it more likely that Republicans shy away from repealing it once they retake power.</p> <p>Moderate Democrats, though, might point to the lack of evidence that the Build Back Better Act is helping the party electorally and suggest cutting it back or dropping it. That perhaps the party should just pass <a href="https://www.vox.com/22598883/infrastructure-deal-bipartisan-bill-biden-manchin">the infrastructure bill</a> that has already won bipartisan Senate support through the House instead.</p> <p>But that doesn’t necessarily follow. The <a href="https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/trump-approval-ratings/">lowest President Trump’s approval ever dropped</a> was in December 2017, when it looked like congressional Republicans were about to botch tax reform and make his presidency a total failure. Even hardcore Republicans started to get fed up at that point. But the GOP soon got it together and passed its tax bill. Trump’s popularity rebounded a bit and never returned to that previous low point, even after his attempt to overturn the election result. Looking like a loser can be a political problem of its own.</p> <p>The reality for Democrats is that the 2022 elections will be tremendously difficult regardless of whether this bill passes or fails. A new president’s party <a href="https://www.vox.com/2014/8/4/5960095/what-would-it-take-for-democrats-to-win-the-house">very often loses House seats</a> in the midterms, and Democratic majorities in both chambers are very narrow. The reconciliation bill may not save them, but losing it could well sink them.</p> <br /> <br /> source <a href="https://www.vox.com/22711083/biden-reconciliation-build-back-better-polls-infrastructure">https://www.vox.com/22711083/biden-reconciliation-build-back-better-polls-infrastructure</a>

vox Is Biden’s legislative agenda popular? Yes, but …

On the surface, this week’s new poll from Quinnipiac University had good news for Democrats about the big spending bill the party is tryi...

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13-Year-Old Boy Left BLIND 10 Days After Pfizer Covid-19 Vaccine

<figure class="wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"> <p><span class="embed-youtube">[embedded content]</span></p> </figure> <p><strong>A 13-year-old French boy lost his eyesight just 10 days after he received a dose of the Pfizer Covid-19 vaccine.</strong></p> <p>The boy, called Yassine, got his shot of the Pfizer Covid-19 vaccine on July 17th, 2021, just one month after France began administering the jabs to children over 12. Vision problems reportedly began days after the vaccine, with his eyesight becoming blurry until he couldn’t see at all after 10 days.</p> <p>Speaking in an interview filmed for the documentary ‘Children of Freedom’, Yassine said that before he received the vaccine his eyesight was “perfectly fine”, however, it soon got worse post-injection. His mother said: “Right after the vaccine he couldn’t see anything and there aren’t any causes. For me, it’s the vaccine.”</p> <p>Yassine’s mother said that she believes that the vaccine is entirely responsible for his poor eyesight, stating that she wouldn’t have come to the conclusion if he was sick or previously had to wear glasses, but he has never had any of these issues and was only unable to see anything at all the day after the vaccine.</p> <p>According to specialists, Yassine is suffering from <a href="http://nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/corneal-conditions" data-type="URL" data-id="nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/corneal-conditions" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">corneal thrombosis</a>, a condition that is linked to the Pfizer Covid-19 vaccine.</p> <p>“I was sleeping and I woke. I couldn’t see anything, it was blurry and I told my mum, ‘Mummy, I can’t see anything. it’s all blurry.’,” Yassine said.</p> <p>Shortly after waking, Yassine’s mother went to work and asked him if he was ok and if his eyesight had improved once she returned home. Yassine told her that he was not alright and that his eyesight remained the same.</p> <p>It seemed like a normal day as Yassine’s mother told him that she had forgotten to buy bread on the way home, to which he said he would go to the shop and buy some. “I went outside and I stayed behind the door. Then my sister saw me and she told my mum that I was behind the door. My mum asked me to come in and said ‘Why didn’t you buy the bread?’ I said ‘ because I can’t see.’,” Yassine said.</p> <div class="wp-block-image"> <figure class="aligncenter is-resized"><img alt="" data-recalc-dims="1" height="386" loading="lazy" src="https://i2.wp.com/thecovidworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Yassine-1.jpg?resize=639%2C386&ssl=1" width="639" /></figure> </div> <p>During the interview, a woman believed to be a relative of Yassine’s family said that there are many other children like Yassine in France. She said that he should be outside playing like other children instead of being stuck indoors unable to see and glued to his parents, unable to go to school.</p> <p>“Earlier he said something that hit me. I started my sentence by saying ‘You see your friends?’ and he interrupted and said ‘No, I can’t see them.’ That’s tough, isn’t it? That’s not nothing.”</p> <p>Yassine’s case was reported to the official French <a href="https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/human-regulatory/overview/pharmacovigilance-overview" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">pharmacovigilance</a> as follows:</p> <p><strong>“Vaccinated in mid-July with the Comirnaty vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech), a little over a month before his thirteenth birthday, the patient presented, ten days later, a significant decline in visual acuity. He was then taken care of in an AP-HP establishment. The pharmacovigilance report, sent five days later, establishes that this young patient suffers from acute retinitis (inflammation of the retina).”</strong></p> <div class="wp-container-6160419aef11e wp-block-group" readability="2.9948696023942"> <div class="wp-block-group__inner-container" readability="3.9931594698589"> <hr class="wp-block-separator" /> <p class="has-text-align-center has-custom-font"><br /> <strong><a href="https://theexpose.uk/2021/10/01/october-fundraising-campaign/"><strong>We’re just going to be honest… without</strong></a></strong><br /> <strong><a href="https://theexpose.uk/2021/10/01/october-fundraising-campaign/"><strong>your help The Exposé would not be able to</strong></a></strong><br /> <strong><a href="https://theexpose.uk/2021/10/01/october-fundraising-campaign/"><strong>bring you the facts the mainstream refuse</strong></a></strong><br /> <strong><a href="https://theexpose.uk/2021/10/01/october-fundraising-campaign/"><strong>to because we rely solely on 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data-slick='{"slidesToScroll":1,"arrow":true,"slidesToShow":3,"infinite":true,"adaptiveHeight":false,"draggable":true,"rtl":false,"responsive":[{"breakpoint":1024,"settings":{"slidesToShow":3}},{"breakpoint":600,"settings":{"slidesToShow":2}},{"breakpoint":480,"settings":{"slidesToShow":1}}]}'> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__item" readability="16.711111111111"> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__content" readability="17.755555555556"><time datetime="2021-10-08T13:00:00+01:00" class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__date">October 8, 2021</time><a href="https://theexpose.uk/2021/10/08/15-year-old-boy-died-suddenly-just-2-days-after-second-dose-of-pfizer-covid-19-vaccine/" alt="15-Year-Old Boy Died Suddenly Just 2 Days After Second Dose of Pfizer Covid-19 Vaccine">15-Year-Old Boy Died Suddenly Just 2 Days After Second Dose of Pfizer Covid-19 Vaccine</a> <p>A 15-year-old boy in Sonoma County, California, died suddenly just two days …</p> </div> </div> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__item" readability="14.01376146789"> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__content" readability="15.091743119266"><time datetime="2021-10-08T11:59:00+01:00" class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__date">October 8, 2021</time><a href="https://theexpose.uk/2021/10/08/covidvaxexposed-part-5-update-pfizer-chief-scientific-officer-runs-away-from-veritas-journalist-when-asked-questions/" alt="#CovidVaxExposed PART 5 Update: Pfizer Chief Scientific Officer “Runs Away” from Veritas Journalist When Asked Questions">#CovidVaxExposed PART 5 Update: Pfizer Chief Scientific Officer “Runs Away” from Veritas Journalist When Asked Questions</a> <p>In Part 5, an email from Pfizer Chief Scientific Officer, Philip Dormitzer, …</p> </div> </div> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__item" readability="13.919282511211"> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__content" readability="14.789237668161"><time datetime="2021-10-08T11:00:00+01:00" class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__date">October 8, 2021</time><a href="https://theexpose.uk/2021/10/08/less-than-10-percent-of-children-over-age-12-have-had-the-covid-vaccine/" alt="Less than 10% of 12 – 15-year-old Children have received a Covid-19 Vaccine since Chris Whitty ordered them to be vaccinated">Less than 10% of 12 – 15-year-old Children have received a Covid-19 Vaccine since Chris Whitty ordered them to be vaccinated</a> <p>On September 13th 2021 the four Chief Medical Officer's for England, Scotland, …</p> </div> </div> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__item" readability="11.878504672897"> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__content" readability="12.261682242991"><time datetime="2021-10-08T08:00:00+01:00" class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__date">October 8, 2021</time><a href="https://theexpose.uk/2021/10/08/latest-ukhsa-report-shows-covid-vaccines-negative-efficacy-minus-86-percent/" alt="Latest UK Health Security Agency Report shows the Covid-19 Vaccine DO NOT WORK and have a NEGATIVE effectiveness as low as MINUS 86%">Latest UK Health Security Agency Report shows the Covid-19 Vaccine DO NOT WORK and have a NEGATIVE effectiveness as low as MINUS 86%</a> <p>Last week we told you how the Covid-19 vaccines were proving to …</p> </div> </div> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__item" readability="13.433823529412"> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__content" readability="14.073529411765"><time datetime="2021-10-08T06:30:00+01:00" class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__date">October 8, 2021</time><a href="https://theexpose.uk/2021/10/08/80-percent-covid-deaths-september-england-were-vaccinated/" alt="Investigation: Official data shows 80% of Covid-19 deaths in England in September were people who had been vaccinated">Investigation: Official data shows 80% of Covid-19 deaths in England in September were people who had been vaccinated</a> <p>The latest data published by the UK Health Security Agency, who have …</p> </div> </div> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__item" readability="16.152631578947"> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__content" readability="16.673684210526"><time datetime="2021-10-07T16:00:00+01:00" class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__date">October 7, 2021</time><a href="https://theexpose.uk/2021/10/07/fauci-and-others-openly-discuss-their-intent-to-enforce-a-mrna-type-flu-vaccine-in-2019/" alt="Fauci And Others Openly Discuss Their Intent to Enforce A mRNA Type Flu Vaccine – In 2019">Fauci And Others Openly Discuss Their Intent to Enforce A mRNA Type Flu Vaccine – In 2019</a> <p>An explosive video of Fauci with Health and Human Services (“HHS”) officials …</p> </div> </div> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__item" readability="16.220930232558"> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__content" readability="16.744186046512"><time datetime="2021-10-07T13:00:00+01:00" class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__date">October 7, 2021</time><a href="https://theexpose.uk/2021/10/07/france-introduces-bill-to-mandate-covid-19-vaccines-for-all-from-january-1st-2022/" alt="France Introduces Bill to Mandate Covid-19 Vaccines for all From January 1st, 2022">France Introduces Bill to Mandate Covid-19 Vaccines for all From January 1st, 2022</a> <p>The Social Affairs Committee of the French Senate has introduced a bill …</p> </div> </div> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__item" readability="12.136170212766"> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__content" readability="12.527659574468"><time datetime="2021-10-07T11:53:30+01:00" class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__date">October 7, 2021</time><a href="https://theexpose.uk/2021/10/07/right-to-reply-from-clare-wills-harrison-to-mark-devlins-good-vibrations-podcast-featuring-michael-o-bernicia-published-6th-october-2021/" alt="Right to reply from Clare Wills Harrison to Mark Devlin’s Good Vibrations podcast featuring Michael O Bernicia published 6th October 2021.  ">Right to reply from Clare Wills Harrison to Mark Devlin’s Good Vibrations podcast featuring Michael O Bernicia published 6th October 2021.  </a> <p>Michael O Bernicia recently made several claims in an article and podcast …</p> </div> </div> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__item" readability="9.978125"> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__content" readability="10.3"><time datetime="2021-10-07T10:23:04+01:00" class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__date">October 7, 2021</time><a href="https://theexpose.uk/2021/10/07/covidvaxexposed-part-5-pfizer-whistle-blower-reveals-internal-emails-from-chief-scientific-officer-discussing-covid-injections-we-want-to-avoid-having-the-information-on-the-foetal-cell/" alt="#CovidVaxExposed PART 5: Pfizer Whistle-blower Reveals Internal Emails from Chief Scientific Officer Discussing COVID Injections … “We Want to Avoid Having the Information on the Foetal Cells Floating Out There”">#CovidVaxExposed PART 5: Pfizer Whistle-blower Reveals Internal Emails from Chief Scientific Officer Discussing COVID Injections … “We Want to Avoid Having the Information on the Foetal Cells Floating Out There”</a> <p>Project Veritas released the fifth video in its 'COVID vaccine investigative series' …</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wp-block-image"> <figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><a href="https://gab.com/dailyexpose"><img alt="" class="wp-image-12593" data-attachment-id="12593" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-caption="" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="image-83" data-large-file="https://i2.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/image-83.png?fit=300%2C100&ssl=1" data-medium-file="https://i2.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/image-83.png?fit=300%2C100&ssl=1" data-orig-file="https://i2.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/image-83.png?fit=300%2C100&ssl=1" data-orig-size="300,100" data-permalink="https://theexpose.uk/2021/08/11/indiana-doctor-destroys-cdc-covid-narrative-at-school-board-meeting/image-83-7/" data-recalc-dims="1" height="67" loading="lazy" src="https://i2.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/image-83.png?resize=199%2C67&ssl=1" width="199" /></a></figure> </div> </div> </div> <a title="Share this page to Telegram"><img alt="Share this page to Telegram" class="wpts-teleg-icon" src="https://theexpose.uk/wp-content/plugins/wp-telegram-sharing/img/t-logo.svg" width="64" /></a> <h3 class="jp-relatedposts-headline"><em>Related</em></h3> <br /> <br /> source <a href="https://theexpose.uk/2021/10/08/13-year-old-boy-left-blind-10-days-after-pfizer-covid-19-vaccine/">https://theexpose.uk/2021/10/08/13-year-old-boy-left-blind-10-days-after-pfizer-covid-19-vaccine/</a>

revolution 13-Year-Old Boy Left BLIND 10 Days After Pfizer Covid-19 Vaccine

[embedded content] A 13-year-old French boy lost his eyesight just 10 days after he received a dose of the Pfizer Covid-19 vaccine. The ...

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