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Australia to Suspend Unvaccinated Health Workers Without Pay, Despite the Fact That Many May Have Natural Immunity

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<p><strong>Australian authorities have announced that they plan on suspending <a href="https://www.news.com.au/national/australia-set-to-announce-no-jab-no-pay-rules-for-health-workers/news-story/4e11e1e63b186c86d9b987b148702176" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">unvaccinated health workers</a> without pay in a move that has been denounced as infringing on human rights.</strong></p>
<p>Prime Minister Scott Morrison has discussed the matter alongside calls for a national approach on how to deal with health workers who refuse to get the Covid-19 vaccine.</p>
<p>According to News.com.au, the new rules will apply to public hospitals, ambulance services, private hospitals, general practitioners, private nurse offices, consulting offices, pharmacies and private pathology centres. Under the new mandate, all health workers in these establishments must get the Covid-19 jab.</p>
<p>Some Australian states such as Queensland and New South Wales (NSW) have already introduced vaccine mandates for health workers. In NSW, approximately 94 percent of health workers have received the jab, but more than 5,000 have yet to line up and submit to the experimental vaccine. With NSW’s first dose deadline already passed on September 30th, many unvaccinated health workers now face termination starting from the 1st of October.</p>
<p>NSW Health Minister, Brad Hazzard, said: “It’s pretty simple. If you don’t care enough to get vaccinated and look after your colleagues [and] if you don’t care enough about your patient, you probably shouldn’t be in the health system.”</p>
<p>In Queensland, nearly 1 in 10 out of 1115,000 healthcare workers remain unvaccinated. The state’s Health Minister Yvette D’Ath has implored workers to get injected with the Covid-19 vaccine as soon as possible.</p>
<p>D’Ath said: “We require our health workers to get vaccinated for a range of immunisations. This is about keeping them, their work colleagues and their own family members safe.”</p>
<p>Currently, three Australian states – Victoria, South Australia and the Northern Territory – are yet to finalise the mandatory vaccination guidelines for healthcare workers. However, the Australian Medical Association (AMA) wants all workers in the health sector to get the vaccine with only legitimate medical exemptions allowed.</p>
<p>Despite this, the mandates have faced significant criticism from the opposition. Australian Federal Member of Parliament, George Christensen, has slammed compulsory vaccination. He compared the mandate to slavery and “medical apartheid” in an online broadcast.</p>
<p>Christensen said: “The whole rationale for mandating the [COVID-19 vaccine] in the workplace, it’s not fair. [All] the rest of the vaccine discrimination and medical apartheid [that] certain politicians are proposing, it’s not borne out by the facts.</p>
<p>“This is not an [anti-vaccine] thing. This is about freedom [and] about choice. [It’s] about saying to both governments and corporations – ‘You know what, we might be your employee, but we’re not your chattel. We’re no longer in a slave relationship where you can demand certain things be done with my body.’”</p>
<p>Other countries have also introduced vaccine mandates for healthcare workers. France has made the Covid-19 vaccine mandatory for those workers in a healthcare setting, which has led to <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/sep/16/france-suspends-3000-unvaccinated-health-workers-without-pay-covid-jab" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">3,000 workers being suspended</a> without pay for refusing the jab.</p>
<p>Additionally, Singapore has introduced a <a href="https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/spore-employers-may-ask-staff-who-choose-not-to-be-vaccinated-to-pay-for-regular" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">similar mandate</a>, requiring those who refuse the vaccine to pay for Covid-19 testing themselves, whilst excluding them from Covid-19 medical benefits. These new rules were implemented on August 23rd.</p>
<p>Currently, in the UK, the Covid-19 vaccines have been made <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-57492264" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">mandatory for health and care sector workers.</a> Matt Hancock previously stated that those who refuse the jab by 11th November (unless medically exempt) will face being suspended or losing their job. However, recently, a UK government minister has suggested that unvaccinated health care workers could be <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/sep/09/refusing-covid-jabs-social-care-minister-health-staff-vaccines" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">moved to back-office roles.</a></p>
<p>Helen Whately, the minister for care, said in an interview with Times Radio: “You can look at whether there are alternative ways somebody could be deployed, for instance, in a role that doesn’t involve frontline work, or doesn’t involve being physically in the same setting as the patient – whether it’s, for instance, working on 111, something like that.”</p>
<p><strong>The UK government have said that they are looking at “alternative roles” for individuals who do not get the Covid-19 vaccine.</strong></p>
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<h3 class="jp-relatedposts-headline"><em>Related</em></h3>
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source <a href="https://theexpose.uk/2021/10/05/australia-to-suspend-unvaccinated-health-workers-without-pay-despite-the-fact-that-many-may-have-natural-immunity/">https://theexpose.uk/2021/10/05/australia-to-suspend-unvaccinated-health-workers-without-pay-despite-the-fact-that-many-may-have-natural-immunity/</a>

revolution Australia to Suspend Unvaccinated Health Workers Without Pay, Despite the Fact That Many May Have Natural Immunity

Australian authorities have announced that they plan on suspending unvaccinated health workers without pay in a move that has been denou...

Jonathan Franzen’s Crossroads is an opus on humiliation. It’s very good.

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<p>Russ Hildebrandt, the patriarch at the center of Jonathan Franzen’s excellent new novel <a href="https://go.skimresources.com/?id=66960X1516588&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbookshop.org%2Fbooks%2Fcrossroads-9781432891091%2F9780374181178&xcust=VoxCrossroads100521" has-subtag="true" data-cdata='{"rewritten_url":"https://go.skimresources.com?id=66960X1516588\u0026xs=1\u0026url=https://bookshop.org/books/crossroads-9781432891091/9780374181178\u0026xcust=___vx__p_22472722__m_m-placeholder__s_s-placeholder__t_w__c_c-placeholder__r_r-placeholder__d_d-placeholder","subtag_max_length":50,"subtag_delim_length":3,"subtag_key":"xcust","subtag_data":{"id":"66960X1516588","xs":"1","url":"https://bookshop.org/books/crossroads-9781432891091/9780374181178","xcust":"___vx__p_22472722__m_m-placeholder__s_s-placeholder__t_w__c_c-placeholder__r_r-placeholder__d_d-placeholder"},"encode_subtag":false}'><em>Crossroads</em></a>, has been humiliated.</p>
<p>Russ used to be cool. He’s a former Mennonite turned associate minister at a suburban church in 1971, but before he moved to the suburbs, he lived in New York. He marched with Stokely Carmichael. He likes Dylan Thomas and has an encyclopedic knowledge of the blues. He lines the walls of his office with proof of his progressive bona fides and good taste.</p>
<p>“But to the kids who now thronged the church’s hallways in their bell-bottoms and bib overalls, their bandannas,” Franzen writes, those bona fides “signified only obsolescence.” The youth of Russ’s church consider him helplessly dorky, old and out of touch beyond redemption. They think the way he showers attention on the church’s teen girls is creepy. Moreover, they can smell his weakness; how much he longs for their approval, how eager he is to please them. It only makes them more contemptuous.</p>
<p>So now Russ, unable to control the kids around him, has been pushed out of Crossroads, the church youth group that he helped found. He barricades himself in his office in wrathful self-pity, mourning his lost edge, resenting the wife and children who he believes are the reason he lost it, and ashamedly lusting after a lovely young widow among his parishioners.</p>
<p>Russ is not the sole protagonist of <em>Crossroads</em>, which is concerned with both family and nation. Yet his professional humiliation looms balefully over the rest of the novel, his failure a sin that poisons his children’s lives. We won’t find out the details for hundreds of pages, but it’s clear that, like Franzen himself, Russ has found that he cannot be both a hip young outsider and the embodiment of the patriarchy. The world will no longer allow such a thing. And so <em>Crossroads</em> becomes a portrait of America on the brink of turning away from the well-meaning white male preachers of the world, an America on the brink of recognizing other voices.</p>
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<p><em>Crossroads</em> is the first of a planned trilogy that Franzen, channeling <em>Middlemarch</em>’s windbaggy Casaubon, has titled A Key to All Mythologies. It loosely follows the same structure that Franzen first developed in 2001’s <em>Corrections</em> and reprised in both 2010’s <em>Freedom</em> and 2015’s <em>Purity</em>: a set of interlocking novellas, with different members of the Hildebrandt family taking over in each section.</p>
<p>Of the four children, the two eldest, Clem and Becky, are like their father: born rule followers whose only big questions are whose rules to follow. Clem, newly escaped to college, is considering dropping out to join the Vietnam War in an act of protest against his own unearned privilege and his parents’ pacifism. Becky, a senior who reigns over the high school’s popular crowd with an easy and instinctual callousness, is considering getting very into Jesus; she’s also considering getting very into sex and drugs and rock ’n’ roll.</p>
<p>Both Clem and Becky are disgusted by their father after his exile from Crossroads, and they understand themselves to be enmeshed in a familial war, the aims of which are obscure. Clem has long felt himself to be allied with his mother against his father, and Becky, generally a daddy’s girl, is considering switching sides to join her brother. “Do you have any idea how embarrassing it is to be your son?” Clem asks Russ.</p>
<p>Franzen is having fun with the Clem and Becky sections, their self-consciously square vocabulary, their earnest striving, the intensity of their small ambitions. But it’s with the two black sheep of the Hildebrandt clan, Perry and Marion, that <em>Crossroads</em> crackles to vicious, blazing life. (The youngest child in the family, Judson, does not get a section to himself.)</p>
<p>Perry, a sophomore in high school, is highly aware both that he is the smartest one in his family and immediate social group, and that he is not a very good person. His quest to self-betterment, interspersed with frequent attempts at self-medication, winds around and around itself in long circulatory sentences so delighted with their own cleverness that they delight you, too, as you read, almost as much as they sting you. (Perry, it almost goes without saying, is firmly allied with his mother against his father.)</p>
<p>Perry’s obsession with becoming a better person also gives Franzen a chance to lay out most clearly one of <em>Crossroads</em>’ biggest thematic questions: namely, whether improving oneself purely and without self-interest is even possible.</p>
<p>“My question,” Perry asks a rabbi and a priest at a climactic cocktail party, “is whether we can ever escape our selfishness. Even if you bring in God, and make Him the measure of goodness, the person who worships and obeys Him still wants something for himself. He enjoys the feeling of being righteous, or he wants eternal life, or what have you. If you’re smart enough to think about it, there’s always some selfish angle.”</p>
<p>Then the party’s hostess busts him for sneaking alcohol and monopolizing the grown-ups.</p>
<p>Meanwhile, Marion, our matriarch, hides behind a frumpy cloak of preacher’s wife anonymity when everyone else is narrating, only to come screaming out in a vicious blast of rage the second we get to hear her voice for ourselves. Rage at herself, her family, the world: Marion is, frankly, over all of it.</p>
<p>Franzen’s name has become synonymous with the foibles of white male writers across the world at their most smugly blinkered, partly because of his deeply cranky nonfiction and party because his work is often given the kind of critical attention <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/2019/12/15/20991839/jennifer-weiner-jonathan-franzen-vida-count-2010">rarely lavished on authors from more marginalized backgrounds</a>. But with Marion, he reminds us that he’s actually one of our great novelists of female fury. Marion’s self-effacing self-loathing is a protective bandage over deep wounds of trauma, and in her sections of <em>Crossroads</em>, Franzen peels away the layers to show us all that seethes below. By the time she’s finished with Russ, his first humiliation seems lenient.</p>
<p>Yet despite Marion’s fury, there is a surprising tenderness to this novel. Franzen is known for his acidity, for his willingness to delve into the least attractive parts of his characters’ psyches. <em>Crossroads</em> is certainly unsparing toward the Hildebrandts, but it is also empathetic. Even awful, dorky, self-pitying Russ is allowed moments of surprising grace. This is a big, ambitious novel that aims to say big, ambitious things about America, and the church, and familial power dynamics; about what happens to families and countries after the patriarch has been deposed; about how we strive to be good and whether we ever can be. But it is also interested in the possibility of redemption after a great sin — or a great humiliation.</p>
<p>Jonathan Franzen’s outsize reputation as a crank means that to his critics, he’s come to seem like a walking chain email on the evils of social media, and it has often tended to occlude his equally outsize reputation as a great writer. So loud is the conversation about him that it is sometimes hard to see the forest for the <a href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=129529565">Franzenfreude</a>.</p>
<p><em>Crossroads</em> is good enough to overwhelm that conversation. The book is deceptively simple, merciless without being cruel, and thrilling in its sheer fury.</p>
<p>Haters and his own often-insufferable public persona be damned: Jonathan Franzen really is one of the great novelists of his generation. <em>Crossroads</em> stands ready and willing to prove it.</p>
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source <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/22708681/crossroads-jonathan-franzen-review">https://www.vox.com/culture/22708681/crossroads-jonathan-franzen-review</a>

vox Jonathan Franzen’s Crossroads is an opus on humiliation. It’s very good.

Russ Hildebrandt, the patriarch at the center of Jonathan Franzen’s excellent new novel Crossroads , has been humiliated. Russ used to be ...

Why the Huntington Beach oil spill is so harmful to wildlife

<p>On October 2, an oil pipeline off the coast of Southern California ruptured, spewing an estimated 126,000 gallons of crude into the Pacific Ocean. The leak created a toxic, 13-square-mile oil slick off the shore of Huntington Beach, which has since spread into coastal wetlands rich in biodiversity.</p>
<p>While the spill is far from the scale of infamous past disasters — the BP Deepwater Horizon spill in 2010 released 100 times as many gallons into the ocean — experts say it will have sweeping impacts on Southern California’s coastal wildlife, potentially for years to come.</p>
<p>The spill is especially bad news for birds: Every fall, millions of them <a href="https://www.vox.com/down-to-earth/2021/9/28/22696202/bird-migration-map-fall-2021-cornell">migrate</a> through the state on their way south. “It’s devastating,” said John Villa, the executive director of Huntington Beach Wetlands Conservancy, which owns and manages 127 acres of wetlands along the coast. Villa says the spill severely impacted marshes that are home to <a href="http://www.hbwetlands.org/birds.php">several avian species</a> threatened with <a href="https://www.vox.com/down-to-earth/22700280/extinct-animals-birds-biodiversity-loss">extinction</a>, including the least tern. “A big concern is what’s going to happen to them,” he said. The conservancy is still surveying the damage.</p>
<p>Scientists are now racing to find and treat animals covered in oil, which can cause a range of problems from hypothermia to poisoning. As of October 4, the Oiled Wildlife Care Network — a rescue organization established in the wake of a 1990 spill that also occurred in Huntington Beach — had recovered <a href="https://owcn.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/pipeline-p00547-incident">eight birds</a>, one of which the group euthanized due to injuries unrelated to the spill.</p>
<p>While birds and other animals coated in oil tend to draw attention during any spill, some of the most alarming impacts are far more subtle and occur over the long term, experts say. Oil slicks kill marine algae called phytoplankton, for example, which can disrupt entire food chains.</p>
<figure class="e-image"><span class="e-image__inner"><span class="e-image__image" data-original="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902158/GettyImages_1344878295.jpg"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1633467327_2652_21532" data-cdata='{"asset_id":22902158,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/9JlcwMjsjAHFT_xnR24R4V1Jldc=/0x0:5846x4123/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:5846x4123):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902158/GettyImages_1344878295.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/h9XrHgaYOX-s-UM_rSWwcny5EEY=/0x0:5846x4123/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:5846x4123):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902158/GettyImages_1344878295.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/9qiyvgHKQ5xlUPOwwZP0YqtGpos=/0x0:5846x4123/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:5846x4123):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902158/GettyImages_1344878295.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/kP8YPBeBZyNAzmMb-RMHdu_RDIY=/0x0:5846x4123/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:5846x4123):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902158/GettyImages_1344878295.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/uxaf3JEwfEKQEnA8eHmMinPsfTM=/0x0:5846x4123/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:5846x4123):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902158/GettyImages_1344878295.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/O0fjMJNrlAd4F0tq0Er8-k5orck=/0x0:5846x4123/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:5846x4123):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902158/GettyImages_1344878295.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ped59Qgsdfoi5WFpqqNr0PyCCMI=/0x0:5846x4123/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:5846x4123):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902158/GettyImages_1344878295.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/1YgYAnxhkv_Ru9tKDo9aOrsbqvk=/0x0:5846x4123/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:5846x4123):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902158/GettyImages_1344878295.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/nbRaShSO-viQqn6SgMOgknMtxAY=/0x0:5846x4123/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:5846x4123):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902158/GettyImages_1344878295.jpg 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="" data-upload-width="5846" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/YYScVRFI8usoFvUjn2rNbUeb6ZQ=/0x0:5846x4123/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:5846x4123):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902158/GettyImages_1344878295.jpg" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/hMzbydXBycuLBKNXi2k3RqEQLuM=/0x0:5846x4123/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:5846x4123):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902158/GettyImages_1344878295.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/n159fvUktM9cXSDlhSDoWJqL2N4=/0x0:5846x4123/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:5846x4123):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902158/GettyImages_1344878295.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/xgjBjN6u8kO5IEWzPuX20e3Zfu0=/0x0:5846x4123/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:5846x4123):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902158/GettyImages_1344878295.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ztqYc2z02H7qCqWi34uz9LKA9-g=/0x0:5846x4123/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:5846x4123):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902158/GettyImages_1344878295.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Krp3NHG4M6JTQgOoAKAv7ELJ34A=/0x0:5846x4123/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:5846x4123):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902158/GettyImages_1344878295.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ECs8s6jyBYB4N1DMQB5yp0xqbjU=/0x0:5846x4123/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:5846x4123):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902158/GettyImages_1344878295.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/5LMrwpPnTGHOTmomKcSDYu4QpD8=/0x0:5846x4123/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:5846x4123):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902158/GettyImages_1344878295.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/sLsQ4TMm93gw7mo7y3htI47xgb8=/0x0:5846x4123/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:5846x4123):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902158/GettyImages_1344878295.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/INXCMEDqVhyfUbc2dNvfK41Z1lI=/0x0:5846x4123/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:5846x4123):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902158/GettyImages_1344878295.jpg 1920w" /></picture></span></span>
<figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">Oil on Huntington State Beach following the spill.</span></figcaption>
<span class="e-image__meta"><cite>Mario Tama/Getty Images</cite></span></figure>
<p>The spill is a reminder that our dependence on fossil fuels can cause damage even beyond the impacts of climate change, <a href="https://www.vox.com/22652678/dixie-caldor-wildfire-california-sierra-nevada-drought-climate">which has bolstered</a> devastating droughts and fire seasons in California. Oil infrastructure can — and does — malfunction.</p>
<p>Climate change could also put offshore pipelines and rigs in the path of increasingly powerful storms, which have <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/09/26/climate/ida-oil-spills.html">triggered major oil leaks in the past</a>. Many experts say the only way to prevent leaks and safeguard the nation’s coastal ecosystems is to stop using fossil fuels altogether.</p>
<p>While crude oil is a fossil fuel found naturally in the Earth’s crust, it’s incredibly dangerous to birds, fish, and other animals when it spills into the ocean or onto land.</p>
<p>For one, oil — composed of hundreds of carbon-based chemicals, or hydrocarbons — is highly toxic to animals when ingested, said Ronald Tjeerdema, an environmental toxicologist at the University of California Davis who has studied oil spills for more than three decades. During a spill, birds and mammals can take in oil accidentally through the food they eat, the air they breathe, or when preening their feathers or fur. That can cause <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969720363646">all kinds of problems</a> including neurological damage or cancer, he said.</p>
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<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p lang="en" dir="ltr" xml:lang="en">We recovered 8 oiled birds today in the spill area in Orange County. 3 are receiving veterinary care (including this sanderling). A brown pelican was humanely euthanized, having injuries unrelated to the incident. More updates will be posted to <a href="https://t.co/5Dh3kEQkgN">https://t.co/5Dh3kEQkgN</a><a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/OCspill?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#OCspill</a> <a href="https://t.co/v6Szbv7xO9">pic.twitter.com/v6Szbv7xO9</a></p>
— Oiled Wildlife Care Network (OWCN) (@oiledwildlife) <a href="https://twitter.com/oiledwildlife/status/1445223406681554947?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">October 5, 2021</a></blockquote>
</div>
<p>Making matters worse, when oiled animals try detoxifying their bodies by breaking down the hydrocarbons, the process can actually backfire: Their bodies produce chemicals, called epoxides, that damage their DNA, said Andrea Bonisoli Alquati, an assistant professor at California State Polytechnic University Pomona. “That’s the tragedy of this response” in the body, he said.</p>
<p>Birds also have trouble flying when they’re coated in oil, just as we might have trouble running while wearing slick or sodden shoes. That’s a big problem for migratory species like brown pelicans and snowy plovers, two species found in coastal California. It takes them more energy to migrate if their feathers are oily, and so they need more food. One <a href="https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/220/13/2372/17914/Light-oiling-of-feathers-increases-flight-energy">2017 study</a> of western sandpipers found that just a small coating of oil can delay the birds’ roughly 3,700-mile migration by as much as 45 days because of the added time it takes them to refuel at each stopover.</p>
<figure class="e-image"><span class="e-image__inner"><span class="e-image__image" data-original="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902151/AP21277603190881.jpg"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1633467327_638_21533" data-cdata='{"asset_id":22902151,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/QfgmgfczyzXOwbDSdqH9PYo4ju4=/0x0:3000x2000/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902151/AP21277603190881.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/RxIxOpVD7OHzKDdpVGFOAxfAChw=/0x0:3000x2000/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902151/AP21277603190881.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/psFcZ-6rWB2_XsHMYnymRhi7_wk=/0x0:3000x2000/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902151/AP21277603190881.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/pUlB-gDmycMHMJdshvPVfKlCKUs=/0x0:3000x2000/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902151/AP21277603190881.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/a8q4d_S9c8vrK91H7_jta3u1I34=/0x0:3000x2000/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902151/AP21277603190881.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/EZtIGT-mbZgwAXvWsthIYFX-bII=/0x0:3000x2000/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902151/AP21277603190881.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ygqoVF1NSGuMkZwmvgvqEfmQpGI=/0x0:3000x2000/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902151/AP21277603190881.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/H7l1a3YKPe3AANKeeCH0fL_VsoU=/0x0:3000x2000/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902151/AP21277603190881.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Pd15JEWOATEsLSHgGIwSDA1CPug=/0x0:3000x2000/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902151/AP21277603190881.jpg 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="" data-upload-width="3000" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/eW2kqUOviYBH5ZzSf5urEd8uVfE=/0x0:3000x2000/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902151/AP21277603190881.jpg" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/w3JyfzUMCV_NANcwvUBxIa2zNhc=/0x0:3000x2000/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902151/AP21277603190881.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/V_t-A1nMFsFD6Zf_1NgSlbJpSWk=/0x0:3000x2000/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902151/AP21277603190881.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/qCfGdw3cz7clQ5DgPEtbVTePb-Q=/0x0:3000x2000/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902151/AP21277603190881.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ClDLAr7xeigBkFtqtGVYcbXvx_A=/0x0:3000x2000/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902151/AP21277603190881.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/5HccFvoQdI3bB7605_72Hdp1HaE=/0x0:3000x2000/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902151/AP21277603190881.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/cSx9sLOWumthmbxdqQbLTOZ14Lg=/0x0:3000x2000/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902151/AP21277603190881.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/UOtnVC6gWdz0QI__TZO4T_tcYPI=/0x0:3000x2000/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902151/AP21277603190881.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Rr1o6XbP6DkLE2M_c4RN-xijFAQ=/0x0:3000x2000/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902151/AP21277603190881.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ZoAzW03HJCvgkfBbh2iGF9Etiss=/0x0:3000x2000/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902151/AP21277603190881.jpg 1920w" /></picture></span></span>
<figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">A dead fish that washed ashore in Huntington Beach, California, after the spill.</span></figcaption>
<span class="e-image__meta"><cite>Ringo H.W. Chiu/AP</cite></span></figure>
<p>Oily plumage can also make birds easier pickings for predators. Another <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28601380/">2017 study</a> on western sandpipers concluded that crude-covered birds were much slower during takeoff and took longer to gain altitude than their oil-free counterparts. “Slower and lower takeoff would make oiled birds more likely to be targeted and captured by predators,” the authors wrote. And oily birds aren’t healthy to eat, either.</p>
<p>Crude oil can even make it hard for birds and furry mammals, such as otters, to stay warm, Tjeerdema said. Essentially, fur and feathers need to be fluffy and clean to maintain their insulating properties. Oil mats them down. That’s why these animals often die from hypothermia in the wake of a spill, Tjeerdema said.</p>
<p>The situation is equally dire for animals that spend all their time in the water. Research following the Deepwater Horizon spill in the Gulf of Mexico — the largest marine oil spill in history — has shown that dolphins are more likely to be <a href="https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/20458">sick and produce far fewer offspring</a> in areas that were inundated with crude. Oil can also poison fish that hang out by the ocean’s surface, nearer to slicks, because they absorb chemicals through their gills.</p>
<p>Photos of tar-covered birds and dead fish tend to represent oil spills in the news, but much of the damage from seepage is out of sight and occurs over years or decades after the last drop enters the ecosystem, Bonisoli Alquati said.</p>
<p>Many fish and invertebrates, such as clams and sand dollars, start their lives as larvae, which are incredibly vulnerable to the effects of oil, Tjeerdema said. That’s why you might see a dip in their populations in the years following a spill. Bonisoli Alquati’s <a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ERL....11k4023B/abstract">research</a> has also shown that oil from a spill can make its way inland and affect land birds and other terrestrial animals. That means it's not just mucking up creatures that live in and around the sea.</p>
<p>Crude oil can also kill a vast amount of phytoplankton, which feed loads of other creatures. “We won’t see a lot of dead bodies with those because they’re nearly microscopic, but we will see a hit there — and they tend to be the base of the food chain,” Tjeerdema said. Spills damage plants, too, which has similar ramifications for the broader ecosystem, Bonisoli Alquati said.</p>
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<figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">A pelican takes flight in the Talbert Marsh wetland after an oil spill in Huntington Beach, California.</span></figcaption>
<span class="e-image__meta"><cite>Ringo H.W. Chiu/AP</cite></span></figure>
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<figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">Oil contaminates water in Talbert Marsh in Huntington Beach, California.</span></figcaption>
<span class="e-image__meta"><cite>Mario Tama/Getty Images</cite></span></figure>
<p>By destroying plants, spills can even make coastal areas more prone to erosion, he said, and that can lead to the “loss of the ecosystem entirely.” This played out in coastal Louisiana following the Deepwater Horizon disaster, he said. The region was already contending with intense oil and gas development, plus sediment loss in the Mississippi River and coastlines receding due to sea-level rise.</p>
<p>It’s important to remember that ecosystems can recover from a spill, said Tjeerdema, who explained that California ecosystems may take a few years to recover from this most recent spill. “The main point I want to make, having studied spills for so long, is that the environment recovers over time — it’s really resilient,” he said. For the most part, for example, the Gulf ecosystem has recovered from Deepwater Horizon, he said. (<a href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/how-is-wildlife-doing-now--ten-years-after-the-deepwater-horizon">Not everyone agrees</a>.)</p>
<p>What complicates that optimistic message is that ecosystems typically face more than just a glut of oil during a spill. Most coastal habitats are being sliced up by developers or suffering from other kinds of pollution already, such as factory runoff. The coast of Southern California is dotted with oil rigs and has already lost <a href="https://scc.ca.gov/2018/10/18/new-strategy-for-the-survival-of-southern-californias-wetlands/#:~:text=Southern%20California%20has%20already%20lost,impacts%20of%20sea%20level%20rise.&text=%E2%80%9CWetlands%20provide%20some%20of%20the,wildlife%2C%20people%20and%20local%20economies.">62 percent</a> of its 33,400 acres of coastal wetlands.</p>
<p>“Shorebirds and marine birds are already facing immense challenges from loss of habitat and climate change,” Andrea Jones, director of bird conservation for Audubon California, said in a <a href="https://ca.audubon.org/press-release/audubon-california-orange-county-oil-spill-extreme-concern-migrating-seabirds">statement</a>. “A spill like this makes it even harder for them to thrive.”</p>
<figure class="e-image"><span class="e-image__inner"><span class="e-image__image" data-original="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902182/GettyImages_981445812.jpg"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1633467327_9746_21536" data-cdata='{"asset_id":22902182,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/mJ1ie8xggipEJclK26k38UeDSmo=/0x0:4000x2667/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:4000x2667):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902182/GettyImages_981445812.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/cT9c94-Sn9-S1lgqa6uygQK8Pq8=/0x0:4000x2667/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:4000x2667):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902182/GettyImages_981445812.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/uOpGBTjk3u7vc98YW-vgp48HZG8=/0x0:4000x2667/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:4000x2667):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902182/GettyImages_981445812.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/qTSt2WrkdfhGP8icQjYbBeMkPww=/0x0:4000x2667/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:4000x2667):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902182/GettyImages_981445812.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/IaoSINDBbKcaDndFr6VimyPBbKQ=/0x0:4000x2667/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:4000x2667):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902182/GettyImages_981445812.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Hg6PNpyyMdLENuesB5dbEPk85NE=/0x0:4000x2667/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:4000x2667):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902182/GettyImages_981445812.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/LWHh7879NfRPCYTKYuCDZq63F1w=/0x0:4000x2667/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:4000x2667):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902182/GettyImages_981445812.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/5rnso3myfJZT7vybUft24twWVSk=/0x0:4000x2667/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:4000x2667):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902182/GettyImages_981445812.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/NF2uFXnw4_IkCwfH3Ok6POozfn4=/0x0:4000x2667/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:4000x2667):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902182/GettyImages_981445812.jpg 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="" data-upload-width="4000" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/RsbodKmotYnni0PtoISeiU4P4LQ=/0x0:4000x2667/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:4000x2667):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902182/GettyImages_981445812.jpg" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/E7pykvZEzEfxbo3Fcxwzg7RmBz4=/0x0:4000x2667/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:4000x2667):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902182/GettyImages_981445812.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/2KKg1aqVB0YLRnYWbBsvnGKktE0=/0x0:4000x2667/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:4000x2667):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902182/GettyImages_981445812.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/jsJrdBzIqGIGgD29kjTHsGl5SYk=/0x0:4000x2667/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:4000x2667):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902182/GettyImages_981445812.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Nj2J-jvjs6P9ZTuFE6Ea73yhVzQ=/0x0:4000x2667/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:4000x2667):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902182/GettyImages_981445812.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/e2e3RbyZexpvD3tq_HCrbJaCieo=/0x0:4000x2667/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:4000x2667):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902182/GettyImages_981445812.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Kc_IwneTnhuCxDHDaS1enqm1jv4=/0x0:4000x2667/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:4000x2667):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902182/GettyImages_981445812.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/LK3siRhgJxMFs7Z-y_MIMyZBOOg=/0x0:4000x2667/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:4000x2667):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902182/GettyImages_981445812.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/jadDEn4CCjS0d6FwArhi6AszaI0=/0x0:4000x2667/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:4000x2667):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902182/GettyImages_981445812.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/5vyj87AOIPI3KCILymJ_YRTvl74=/0x0:4000x2667/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:4000x2667):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902182/GettyImages_981445812.jpg 1920w" /></picture></span></span>
<figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">A Chevron deepwater oil platform off the coast of Louisiana in the Gulf of Mexico.</span></figcaption>
<span class="e-image__meta"><cite>Luke Sharrett/Bloomberg via Getty Images</cite></span></figure>
<p>The California oil spill is a big deal: It occurred in a heavily populated and environmentally sensitive area, and it has prompted Democratic lawmakers in the state to <a href="https://www.eenews.net/articles/calif-lawmakers-demand-offshore-drilling-ban-in-spills-wake/">renew calls</a> for a ban on offshore drilling and the governor to declare a <a href="https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/10.4.2021-Oil-Spill-SOE-signed.pdf">state of emergency</a>. But it’s just one of a number of recent spills. In the two weeks following Hurricane Ida in the Gulf this summer, more than 50 oil leaks were reported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).</p>
<p>Extreme storms frequently damage oil infrastructure and cause spills. Hurricane Katrina caused a series of spills that sent roughly <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/09/26/climate/ida-oil-spills.html">10 million gallons</a> of oil into the Gulf. That’s the equivalent of 80 spills the size of the one that just hit Huntington Beach, or about how much oil leaked into the ocean during the Exxon Valdez disaster.</p>
<p>In other words, the oil and gas industry is fueling a problem — rapid global warming that can worsen extreme weather — that puts its own infrastructure, and potentially entire ecosystems, at risk.</p>
<figure class="e-image"><span class="e-image__inner"><span class="e-image__image" data-original="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902444/Number_of_oil_spills.png"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1633467327_8851_21537" data-cdata='{"asset_id":22902444,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/HAiI9WQ164IrER9mITXn_e3FpB0=/0x0:3000x2100/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2100):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902444/Number_of_oil_spills.png 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/nNPzafduh2XemJ80MHSMm8wQmFA=/0x0:3000x2100/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2100):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902444/Number_of_oil_spills.png 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/dgV7Kpyzs4Pwgqf-2rou982tD48=/0x0:3000x2100/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2100):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902444/Number_of_oil_spills.png 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/NSLuHbfA8shycJ-k5fFfbWX4BvI=/0x0:3000x2100/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2100):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902444/Number_of_oil_spills.png 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/s7c5b1N4zK2gUvyQbLf7ns-4dp8=/0x0:3000x2100/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2100):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902444/Number_of_oil_spills.png 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/d9VykXGFWYRgmbfVx6YBDcVLfwE=/0x0:3000x2100/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2100):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902444/Number_of_oil_spills.png 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Z3Ub2u0iowT7lxM7gPBKAVG7-UY=/0x0:3000x2100/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2100):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902444/Number_of_oil_spills.png 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/aha-5FLLdwFHTvV41lUiaOU02iI=/0x0:3000x2100/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2100):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902444/Number_of_oil_spills.png 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/3bPOuTyJEcMnG5THSVlceIHdUnM=/0x0:3000x2100/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2100):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902444/Number_of_oil_spills.png 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="A chart showing fewer oil spills from oil tankers in the last decade than in the 1970s and ’80s." data-upload-width="3000" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/C3gaT9N4JO9n-DPl8BcbB66V9aY=/0x0:3000x2100/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2100):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902444/Number_of_oil_spills.png" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/SUArfLV8lbhNTQvpy0cOJ8G6GLY=/0x0:3000x2100/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2100):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902444/Number_of_oil_spills.png 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/d4k9u2cOLDP06kQtFJSA8BQhHCk=/0x0:3000x2100/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2100):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902444/Number_of_oil_spills.png 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/DwR1weydABUcUH90xI5BoeQOVi4=/0x0:3000x2100/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2100):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902444/Number_of_oil_spills.png 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/XFoj80JsW4G76I-iZ6MoSb9_saM=/0x0:3000x2100/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2100):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902444/Number_of_oil_spills.png 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/xfT1QdbMrmaAWaimVK6WG--l644=/0x0:3000x2100/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2100):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902444/Number_of_oil_spills.png 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ifFYWV8fjBHOrYQqggbbmnjpWl8=/0x0:3000x2100/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2100):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902444/Number_of_oil_spills.png 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/FrN1zLgqZO5qaYL6ypDAW15sbA0=/0x0:3000x2100/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2100):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902444/Number_of_oil_spills.png 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/aHXs6-ZLRY8Ozc62ckEIrgEweuU=/0x0:3000x2100/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2100):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902444/Number_of_oil_spills.png 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/BPnyD6gQ94zehu1DhLBTYcF5oCw=/0x0:3000x2100/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2100):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902444/Number_of_oil_spills.png 1920w" /></picture></span></span>
<figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">Oil spills from tankers have declined over time.</span></figcaption>
<span class="e-image__meta"><cite>Our World in Data</cite></span></figure>
<p>To be sure, spills don’t appear to be getting more common, or more severe, according to data from NOAA. One of the most recent very large spills took place in 2010 when over a million gallons spilled into Michigan’s Kalamazoo River. “We don’t have as many catastrophic oil spills as we had 30 or 40 years ago,” Tjeerdema said. It helps that we now have safer equipment for transporting oil, such as double-hulled ships.</p>
<p>But our planet stands to benefit enormously if oil spills keep declining all the way to zero so that wildlife is spared their devastating effects. “We have the capacity and we have the tools to change,” Tjeerdema said. “It’s the will that is lacking.”</p>
<br />
<br />
source <a href="https://www.vox.com/down-to-earth/22708654/oil-spills-wildlife-huntington-beach-california">https://www.vox.com/down-to-earth/22708654/oil-spills-wildlife-huntington-beach-california</a>

vox Why the Huntington Beach oil spill is so harmful to wildlife

On October 2, an oil pipeline off the coast of Southern California ruptured, spewing an estimated 126,000 gallons of crude into the Pacific ...

Earth’s climate is chaotic. The winners of the 2021 Nobel Prize in physics found patterns in the noise.

<p>Three scientists who began to cut through the chaos of the global climate, laying the foundation for forecasts about the future of the planet, were awarded the <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2021/press-release/">2021 Nobel Prize in physics</a> on Tuesday.</p>
<p>Half of the $1.1 million prize was awarded to <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2021/parisi/facts/">Giorgio Parisi</a>, 73, of Sapienza University in Italy, for his work quantifying randomness and connecting the movement of atoms to the planet as a whole. The other half was split evenly between <a href="https://scholar.princeton.edu/manabe/home">Syukuro Manabe</a>, 90, of Princeton University, and <a href="https://mpimet.mpg.de/en/staff/externalmembers/klaus-hasselmann">Klaus Hasselmann</a>, 89, of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Germany. Manabe and Hasselmann developed models that could make reliable forecasts despite the inherent volatility of the planet’s climate system.</p>
<p>“I am so surprised,” Manabe told the <a href="https://twitter.com/NobelPrize/status/1445413974560976902">Nobel Prize website</a>. “Nobody has received the physics prize for my kind of work, and I really appreciate the Swedish Academy of Sciences [for choosing] this field, climate topics and climate change.”</p>
<p>The big picture of climate change is straightforward enough: Heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere are turning Earth into a metaphorical greenhouse, making the planet warm up.</p>
<p>But exactly how that warming will occur — across the planet’s oceans, ice caps, mountains, forests, and cities, fueled by everything from methane leaks to carbon dioxide to hydrofluorocarbons — is extraordinarily messy.</p>
<p>“We are awash in complexity at every scale we observe, and [as] scientists, we ask: How much detail is required to explain the observations?” <a href="https://physics.yale.edu/people/john-wettlaufer">John Wettlaufer</a>, a physicist at Yale University, said at the press conference announcing the prize. “Must we track every water molecule to explain the ocean?”</p>
<p>The physics laureates found ways to account for the roiling randomness present in everything from materials to the motion of the atmosphere, and still make useful predictions.</p>
<div>
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p lang="en" dir="ltr" xml:lang="en">BREAKING NEWS:<br />
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the 2021 <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/NobelPrize?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#NobelPrize</a> in Physics to Syukuro Manabe, Klaus Hasselmann and Giorgio Parisi “for groundbreaking contributions to our understanding of complex physical systems.” <a href="https://t.co/At6ZeLmwa5">pic.twitter.com/At6ZeLmwa5</a></p>
— The Nobel Prize (@NobelPrize) <a href="https://twitter.com/NobelPrize/status/1445325078451867651?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">October 5, 2021</a></blockquote>
</div>
<p>The Nobel Prize committees have recognized the global challenge of climate change before. The <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2007/summary/">2007 Nobel Peace Prize</a> was awarded to former US Vice President Al Gore and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, a global group of leading climate scientists convened by the United Nations. The <a href="https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2018/10/8/17950666/nobel-economics-climate-change">2018 economics prize</a> was shared by William Nordhaus, who developed a model that integrated physical climate models and economics, quantifying the social impacts of warming.</p>
<p>Now climate modeling is getting a turn in the spotlight. Figuring out exactly how the planet will warm up is urgent: It will shape where crops can grow, where people can live, and what the rising onslaught of disasters will cost. These scientists, and the stark future they helped to illuminate, are still shaping humanity’s efforts to avert a global catastrophe.</p>
<p>Climate science has rapidly advanced in recent years, but the foundations were laid hundreds of years ago and predate the Nobel Prizes, which were first awarded in 1901.</p>
<p>In the 1820s, French scientist <a href="http://mpe.dimacs.rutgers.edu/2013/01/19/the-discovery-of-global-warming/">Joseph Fourier</a> theorized that the Earth must have some way of retaining heat and that the atmosphere may play some role. In 1850, American scientist <a href="https://www.climate.gov/news-features/features/happy-200th-birthday-eunice-foote-hidden-climate-science-pioneer">Eunice Newton Foote</a> put thermometers in glass tubes and experimented with placing them in sunlight. Inside the tubes, Foote compared dry air, moist air, and carbon dioxide, and found that the tube containing CO2 warmed up more than the others and stayed hotter longer.</p>
<p>“An atmosphere of that gas would give to our earth a high temperature,” she wrote in a paper presenting her findings.</p>
<p>In 1859, Irish scientist <a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/Tyndall">John Tyndall</a> began quantifying how much heat different gases in the atmosphere absorb. “As a dam built across a river causes a local deepening of the stream, so our atmosphere, thrown as a barrier across the terrestrial rays, produces a local heightening of the temperature at the Earth’s surface,” Tyndall wrote.</p>
<p>And in 1896, Swedish scientist <a href="https://www.rsc.org/images/Arrhenius1896_tcm18-173546.pdf">Svante Arrhenius</a> calculated by how much carbon dioxide warms the planet and in his later work theorized that more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would cause the planet to heat up.</p>
<p>But figuring out how these larger trends play out on smaller, more tangible scales proved complicated. How much a given region would warm up with more greenhouse gas emissions hinges on local conditions like tree cover, air pollution, wind patterns, and rainfall in addition to how much heat the atmosphere can trap.</p>
<p>As a meteorologist for the US government and at Princeton in the 1960s, Syukuro Manabe connected energy absorbed by the atmosphere to the movement of air vertically over the Earth, a critical parameter for simulating the climate.</p>
<figure class="e-image"><span class="e-image__inner"><span class="e-image__image" data-original="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902319/Screen_Shot_2021_10_05_at_10.11.12_AM.png"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1633466090_4692_23473" data-cdata='{"asset_id":22902319,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/LqZhdG2lD7tQVSlBEnEfDNNCKsE=/0x0:663x519/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:663x519):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902319/Screen_Shot_2021_10_05_at_10.11.12_AM.png 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/7HoTKIhDwe2gRrwXr7fsERMPvCc=/0x0:663x519/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:663x519):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902319/Screen_Shot_2021_10_05_at_10.11.12_AM.png 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/uKKjIzA7mLQuflwCZnKT0jAxdkE=/0x0:663x519/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:663x519):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902319/Screen_Shot_2021_10_05_at_10.11.12_AM.png 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/V7RDg2Oqi7_KAXaI0tYeSVaQveI=/0x0:663x519/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:663x519):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902319/Screen_Shot_2021_10_05_at_10.11.12_AM.png 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ddJyJBZJ_JZmWg7GXWGbZPP2hb0=/0x0:663x519/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:663x519):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902319/Screen_Shot_2021_10_05_at_10.11.12_AM.png 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/xd99o268u9Fl41yuthsoPyzcUFg=/0x0:663x519/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:663x519):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902319/Screen_Shot_2021_10_05_at_10.11.12_AM.png 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/qpSZVO3pWb73Cp9unmouHmbCxvk=/0x0:663x519/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:663x519):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902319/Screen_Shot_2021_10_05_at_10.11.12_AM.png 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/2aiox6VC1JPSVkwdsb4dg7PJ4_w=/0x0:663x519/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:663x519):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902319/Screen_Shot_2021_10_05_at_10.11.12_AM.png 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/UWkzYCIFIGxm6leWHFKTtFITrLM=/0x0:663x519/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:663x519):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902319/Screen_Shot_2021_10_05_at_10.11.12_AM.png 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="Syukuro Manabe shared the 2021 Nobel prize in physics for his work in developing climate models. " data-upload-width="663" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/xXKkeYfCPYMQ8nDib69N2I_U5GI=/0x0:663x519/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:663x519):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902319/Screen_Shot_2021_10_05_at_10.11.12_AM.png" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Z8nb6VNPG792s4Q-yQ1fPZ0hAQw=/0x0:663x519/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:663x519):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902319/Screen_Shot_2021_10_05_at_10.11.12_AM.png 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Guz5eYv_EH808CUh66pdvh0TXNg=/0x0:663x519/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:663x519):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902319/Screen_Shot_2021_10_05_at_10.11.12_AM.png 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/DGdVcglFsBu8kTBVnG-_DzRvasc=/0x0:663x519/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:663x519):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902319/Screen_Shot_2021_10_05_at_10.11.12_AM.png 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/-2KbQQlCWKiqVqQ8kcX3zc-mmNM=/0x0:663x519/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:663x519):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902319/Screen_Shot_2021_10_05_at_10.11.12_AM.png 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/IC7YSrKAC6DOvu6NhmzuLC5xksM=/0x0:663x519/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:663x519):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902319/Screen_Shot_2021_10_05_at_10.11.12_AM.png 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/OClrBuxN9tisKbHE-DZnisEej7c=/0x0:663x519/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:663x519):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902319/Screen_Shot_2021_10_05_at_10.11.12_AM.png 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/LSLIomqjOCGu0UgKeBN5Q3KxqT0=/0x0:663x519/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:663x519):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902319/Screen_Shot_2021_10_05_at_10.11.12_AM.png 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/veh6N1RKBsYBxKhEcnt7GbkVDEk=/0x0:663x519/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:663x519):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902319/Screen_Shot_2021_10_05_at_10.11.12_AM.png 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Qk0WDW6ZKqKBEV603VyoTDFczsE=/0x0:663x519/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:663x519):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902319/Screen_Shot_2021_10_05_at_10.11.12_AM.png 1920w" /></picture></span></span>
<figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">Syukuro Manabe showed how the atmosphere traps heat, accounting for the movement of air and water. It’s a vital parameter in climate models.</span></figcaption>
<span class="e-image__meta"><cite><a class="ql-link" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2021/10/popular-physicsprize2021.pdf" target="_blank">Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences</a></cite></span></figure>
<p>At the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in the 1980s, Klaus Hasselmann worked to connect rambunctious, short-term weather patterns with long-term shifts in the climate. He found that even noisy weather data could yield insight into broader patterns, and even allow scientists to trace human influence on the climate. These findings planted some of the earliest seeds of <a href="https://www.vox.com/22616968/ipcc-climate-change-report-attribution-extreme-weather-heat-fire">climate attribution science</a>, which scientists now use to quantify just how much humans have worsened a given heat wave or torrential downpour.</p>
<p>Giorgio Parisi’s work wasn’t inherently linked to climate systems, but his research in the 1980s proved that the seemingly random movements of particles could be quantified into patterns and predictions. This insight helped climate scientists build simulations up from individual gas molecules.</p>
<p>In the decades since this early work, climate models have grown more sophisticated, and computing power has started to catch up. It’s given researchers a <a href="https://www.vox.com/22620706/climate-change-ipcc-report-2021-ssp-scenario-future-warming">clearer vision of the future</a> should greenhouse gases continue surging in the sky.</p>
<p>But the greatest uncertainty in climate forecasts remains what humanity will do — whether countries, corporations, and individuals will choose to cut their harmful emissions rapidly and drastically. And that remains, as scientists say, an area of active research.</p>
<p>“Most urgently needed is action against climate change,” Hasselmann told <a href="https://twitter.com/NobelPrize/status/1445369552880160769">the website of the Nobel Prize</a>. “There are many things we can do to prevent climate change, and this is the whole question of whether people will realize that something which will happen in 20 or 30 years is something you have to respond to now.”</p>
<p>It’s up to us to solve the problem that Hasselman, Manabe, and Parisi helped the world understand.</p>
<br />
<br />
source <a href="https://www.vox.com/22710418/2021-physics-nobel-prize-climate-change-chaos-model">https://www.vox.com/22710418/2021-physics-nobel-prize-climate-change-chaos-model</a>

vox Earth’s climate is chaotic. The winners of the 2021 Nobel Prize in physics found patterns in the noise.

Three scientists who began to cut through the chaos of the global climate, laying the foundation for forecasts about the future of the plane...

Why nuclear plants are shutting down

<p>The infamous Indian Point nuclear plant, located roughly 30 miles north of Manhattan, shut down earlier this year. To many, the shutdown was a victory following <a href="https://americanarchive.org/catalog/cpb-aacip_259-4746sz79">decades</a> <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2002/04/24/nyregion/post-9-11-opposition-to-indian-point-plant-grows.html">of</a> <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/13/nyregion/fire-prompts-renewed-calls-to-close-the-indian-point-nuclear-plant.html">protests</a> about safety and environmental concerns. Here’s the problem: When operating, Indian Point provided <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/12/nyregion/indian-point-power-plant-closing.html">more electricity</a> than is produced annually by all solar and wind in New York state.</p>
<p>Indian Point is not the only nuclear plant shutting down. Since 1990, the number of operating nuclear units in the United States has been declining.</p>
<figure class="e-image"><span class="e-image__inner"><span class="e-image__image" data-original="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893275/Nuclear_units_US_chorus.jpeg"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1633468565_6451_45704" data-cdata='{"asset_id":22893275,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/m89AsYmP9tsEKsXuAIRLdboZl_g=/0x0:1920x1080/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893275/Nuclear_units_US_chorus.jpeg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/zODcP2zAYcl_BLYheiBbiD459qE=/0x0:1920x1080/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893275/Nuclear_units_US_chorus.jpeg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/bPYjwValCxGJrt8Jkq1-k0WixJI=/0x0:1920x1080/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893275/Nuclear_units_US_chorus.jpeg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/a8h7g3qxnGTj6kY5rxxKt7uEOmg=/0x0:1920x1080/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893275/Nuclear_units_US_chorus.jpeg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Fz7k9Wb3l_XAqE9e2VgHKKRojQg=/0x0:1920x1080/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893275/Nuclear_units_US_chorus.jpeg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/mp1jMpRJ4dTkwj1DiNYx6ibJRdw=/0x0:1920x1080/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893275/Nuclear_units_US_chorus.jpeg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/lL-zU7lI8REiO-pYjM8qdL2bh1Y=/0x0:1920x1080/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893275/Nuclear_units_US_chorus.jpeg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/dcqpLeF5K00JrX7sP5WUQyviSS0=/0x0:1920x1080/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893275/Nuclear_units_US_chorus.jpeg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/QUBhYvLQsx6Hnm4FssgAVLouxDQ=/0x0:1920x1080/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893275/Nuclear_units_US_chorus.jpeg 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="Bar graph showing number of nuclear units in the US from 2010 to 2020." data-upload-width="1920" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/08H6n4VIqRkafVBLZrz0nbV4rho=/0x0:1920x1080/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893275/Nuclear_units_US_chorus.jpeg" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/1HP7SY2I_2kuAyy9fHiFqRymMWk=/0x0:1920x1080/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893275/Nuclear_units_US_chorus.jpeg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/T_BoCUIsZJJle69bjM3VyKt7fBM=/0x0:1920x1080/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893275/Nuclear_units_US_chorus.jpeg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/3gSEkGWfJQ5qeIoUZtxo4h8v1XA=/0x0:1920x1080/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893275/Nuclear_units_US_chorus.jpeg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/cSKtlpO8RpvAEg52udqTa5t4mWw=/0x0:1920x1080/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893275/Nuclear_units_US_chorus.jpeg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/B3qumG3610rFSixI0EBuemYhfLw=/0x0:1920x1080/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893275/Nuclear_units_US_chorus.jpeg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/JGEBH8iTz1j1I2TXUdshR-jKXL0=/0x0:1920x1080/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893275/Nuclear_units_US_chorus.jpeg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/xMdbHouINIBf4bMxqhUjCffjutk=/0x0:1920x1080/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893275/Nuclear_units_US_chorus.jpeg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Io0mmRFGt0we441z4w3MpPzVjOg=/0x0:1920x1080/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893275/Nuclear_units_US_chorus.jpeg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/O0dBj_looMWyWdoOfrvyBfxJnMo=/0x0:1920x1080/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893275/Nuclear_units_US_chorus.jpeg 1920w" /></picture></span></span>
<figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">The total number of operating nuclear units in the US is declining as plants close.</span></figcaption>
<span class="e-image__meta"><cite>Statista</cite></span></figure>
<p>Nuclear plants generate roughly 10 percent of the electricity used around the world but 20 percent in the United States — and 52 percent of the electricity used in the United States that doesn’t come from fossil fuels.</p>
<figure class="e-image"><span class="e-image__inner"><span class="e-image__image" data-original="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893537/Electricity_sources_world_chorus.jpeg"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1633468566_4280_45705" data-cdata='{"asset_id":22893537,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/TWDUEbUi9yfoV9zhP9c7Onqvp4A=/0x0:1920x1080/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893537/Electricity_sources_world_chorus.jpeg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ECTZXq17F1wCksDD1BVPhcj6dfI=/0x0:1920x1080/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893537/Electricity_sources_world_chorus.jpeg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ywP3H440VPG13DVgKLEZ-g9tnWI=/0x0:1920x1080/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893537/Electricity_sources_world_chorus.jpeg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/nl56UekWtwFT6xZ0lQe1pgecO8s=/0x0:1920x1080/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893537/Electricity_sources_world_chorus.jpeg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/R0l3jyhBV0H6QtneZKMaEvFeCoc=/0x0:1920x1080/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893537/Electricity_sources_world_chorus.jpeg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/z-Tc9rtY6fjHWywFzuhezo3eHik=/0x0:1920x1080/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893537/Electricity_sources_world_chorus.jpeg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/uUWrploKDzkiJFzUUzn5gI3z78w=/0x0:1920x1080/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893537/Electricity_sources_world_chorus.jpeg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/iGTNbp9L4nbJ5w1B1DzfUxWdKvA=/0x0:1920x1080/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893537/Electricity_sources_world_chorus.jpeg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/nA2lFQhLrtW-HZe-v4rZpLSg-pk=/0x0:1920x1080/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893537/Electricity_sources_world_chorus.jpeg 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="Percentage bar graph showing global electricity sources between fossil fuels, nuclear, and renewables." data-upload-width="1920" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ogj2GFtBtp4RwRpP-svVgrdLEug=/0x0:1920x1080/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893537/Electricity_sources_world_chorus.jpeg" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ghR66bXWhygbGmL32-lXgeMZljM=/0x0:1920x1080/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893537/Electricity_sources_world_chorus.jpeg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/LI_X7StbX5eEMzDjQHPLg_bwYWg=/0x0:1920x1080/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893537/Electricity_sources_world_chorus.jpeg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/WeaVWhQLU-PXHd29EsVku8CjTjI=/0x0:1920x1080/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893537/Electricity_sources_world_chorus.jpeg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/_ZfUFeC9W6gIRvYQ1-xFhnV9p3c=/0x0:1920x1080/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893537/Electricity_sources_world_chorus.jpeg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/saqSEoKM08YcCRUa1f4yRc7XMQ0=/0x0:1920x1080/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893537/Electricity_sources_world_chorus.jpeg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/LUFjaD7GtjODkmqsFe3RBWet6oQ=/0x0:1920x1080/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893537/Electricity_sources_world_chorus.jpeg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/0cKnn_ynGhUZGUzxP3-MPSnoEkM=/0x0:1920x1080/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893537/Electricity_sources_world_chorus.jpeg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/jAbJQWPVawrEQ9HU08RcG4OV1CY=/0x0:1920x1080/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893537/Electricity_sources_world_chorus.jpeg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/TKbKPDP_zD8MltsQizlfCF_keoQ=/0x0:1920x1080/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893537/Electricity_sources_world_chorus.jpeg 1920w" /></picture></span></span>
<figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">Fossil fuels still provide 63 percent of the world’s electricity. Nuclear accounts for roughly 10 percent, and renewables for the remaining 27 percent.</span></figcaption>
<span class="e-image__meta"><cite>Our World in Data</cite></span></figure>
<p>When a reactor shuts down, utilities often end up replacing the lost electricity by burning more coal or natural gas, according to <a href="https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=28572">analysis by the US Energy Information Administration</a>. The electricity generated from Indian Point, for example, was replaced largely by natural gas. And as <a href="https://www.volts.wtf/p/welcome-to-volts">energy reporter David Roberts</a> points out, even if we were able to replace the lost electricity with renewable energy like wind and solar, that’s renewable energy that isn’t going to replace fossil fuels. With each plant that closes, we’re taking a step backward on climate change.</p>
<p>So why are so many nuclear plants shutting down? In this video, we explore that question by taking a closer look at Indian Point.</p>
<p>You can find this video and all of <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCLXo7UDZvByw2ixzpQCufnA"><strong>Vox’s videos on YouTube</strong></a>.</p>
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source <a href="https://www.vox.com/videos/2021/10/5/22704083/nuclear-power-plants-indian-point-shutdown">https://www.vox.com/videos/2021/10/5/22704083/nuclear-power-plants-indian-point-shutdown</a>

vox Why nuclear plants are shutting down

The infamous Indian Point nuclear plant, located roughly 30 miles north of Manhattan, shut down earlier this year. To many, the shutdown was...