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Why the Huntington Beach oil spill is so harmful to wildlife

On October 2, an oil pipeline off the coast of Southern California ruptured, spewing an estimated 126,000 gallons of crude into the Pacific Ocean. The leak created a toxic, 13-square-mile oil slick off the shore of Huntington Beach, which has since spread into coastal wetlands rich in biodiversity.
While the spill is far from the scale of infamous past disasters — the BP Deepwater Horizon spill in 2010 released 100 times as many gallons into the ocean — experts say it will have sweeping impacts on Southern California’s coastal wildlife, potentially for years to come.
The spill is especially bad news for birds: Every fall, millions of them <a href="https://www.vox.com/down-to-earth/2021/9/28/22696202/bird-migration-map-fall-2021-cornell">migrate</a> through the state on their way south. “It’s devastating,” said John Villa, the executive director of Huntington Beach Wetlands Conservancy, which owns and manages 127 acres of wetlands along the coast. Villa says the spill severely impacted marshes that are home to <a href="http://www.hbwetlands.org/birds.php">several avian species</a> threatened with <a href="https://www.vox.com/down-to-earth/22700280/extinct-animals-birds-biodiversity-loss">extinction</a>, including the least tern. “A big concern is what’s going to happen to them,” he said. The conservancy is still surveying the damage.
Scientists are now racing to find and treat animals covered in oil, which can cause a range of problems from hypothermia to poisoning. As of October 4, the Oiled Wildlife Care Network — a rescue organization established in the wake of a 1990 spill that also occurred in Huntington Beach — had recovered <a href="https://owcn.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/pipeline-p00547-incident">eight birds</a>, one of which the group euthanized due to injuries unrelated to the spill.
While birds and other animals coated in oil tend to draw attention during any spill, some of the most alarming impacts are far more subtle and occur over the long term, experts say. Oil slicks kill marine algae called phytoplankton, for example, which can disrupt entire food chains.
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<figcaption>Oil on Huntington State Beach following the spill.</figcaption>
<cite>Mario Tama/Getty Images</cite></figure>
The spill is a reminder that our dependence on fossil fuels can cause damage even beyond the impacts of climate change, <a href="https://www.vox.com/22652678/dixie-caldor-wildfire-california-sierra-nevada-drought-climate">which has bolstered</a> devastating droughts and fire seasons in California. Oil infrastructure can — and does — malfunction.
Climate change could also put offshore pipelines and rigs in the path of increasingly powerful storms, which have <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/09/26/climate/ida-oil-spills.html">triggered major oil leaks in the past</a>. Many experts say the only way to prevent leaks and safeguard the nation’s coastal ecosystems is to stop using fossil fuels altogether.
While crude oil is a fossil fuel found naturally in the Earth’s crust, it’s incredibly dangerous to birds, fish, and other animals when it spills into the ocean or onto land.
For one, oil — composed of hundreds of carbon-based chemicals, or hydrocarbons — is highly toxic to animals when ingested, said Ronald Tjeerdema, an environmental toxicologist at the University of California Davis who has studied oil spills for more than three decades. During a spill, birds and mammals can take in oil accidentally through the food they eat, the air they breathe, or when preening their feathers or fur. That can cause <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969720363646">all kinds of problems</a> including neurological damage or cancer, he said.
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<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
We recovered 8 oiled birds today in the spill area in Orange County. 3 are receiving veterinary care (including this sanderling). A brown pelican was humanely euthanized, having injuries unrelated to the incident. More updates will be posted to <a href="https://t.co/5Dh3kEQkgN">https://t.co/5Dh3kEQkgN</a><a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/OCspill?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#OCspill</a> <a href="https://t.co/v6Szbv7xO9">pic.twitter.com/v6Szbv7xO9</a>
— Oiled Wildlife Care Network (OWCN) (@oiledwildlife) <a href="https://twitter.com/oiledwildlife/status/1445223406681554947?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">October 5, 2021</a></blockquote>
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Making matters worse, when oiled animals try detoxifying their bodies by breaking down the hydrocarbons, the process can actually backfire: Their bodies produce chemicals, called epoxides, that damage their DNA, said Andrea Bonisoli Alquati, an assistant professor at California State Polytechnic University Pomona. “That’s the tragedy of this response” in the body, he said.
Birds also have trouble flying when they’re coated in oil, just as we might have trouble running while wearing slick or sodden shoes. That’s a big problem for migratory species like brown pelicans and snowy plovers, two species found in coastal California. It takes them more energy to migrate if their feathers are oily, and so they need more food. One <a href="https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/220/13/2372/17914/Light-oiling-of-feathers-increases-flight-energy">2017 study</a> of western sandpipers found that just a small coating of oil can delay the birds’ roughly 3,700-mile migration by as much as 45 days because of the added time it takes them to refuel at each stopover.
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<figcaption>A dead fish that washed ashore in Huntington Beach, California, after the spill.</figcaption>
<cite>Ringo H.W. Chiu/AP</cite></figure>
Oily plumage can also make birds easier pickings for predators. Another <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28601380/">2017 study</a> on western sandpipers concluded that crude-covered birds were much slower during takeoff and took longer to gain altitude than their oil-free counterparts. “Slower and lower takeoff would make oiled birds more likely to be targeted and captured by predators,” the authors wrote. And oily birds aren’t healthy to eat, either.
Crude oil can even make it hard for birds and furry mammals, such as otters, to stay warm, Tjeerdema said. Essentially, fur and feathers need to be fluffy and clean to maintain their insulating properties. Oil mats them down. That’s why these animals often die from hypothermia in the wake of a spill, Tjeerdema said.
The situation is equally dire for animals that spend all their time in the water. Research following the Deepwater Horizon spill in the Gulf of Mexico — the largest marine oil spill in history — has shown that dolphins are more likely to be <a href="https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/20458">sick and produce far fewer offspring</a> in areas that were inundated with crude. Oil can also poison fish that hang out by the ocean’s surface, nearer to slicks, because they absorb chemicals through their gills.
Photos of tar-covered birds and dead fish tend to represent oil spills in the news, but much of the damage from seepage is out of sight and occurs over years or decades after the last drop enters the ecosystem, Bonisoli Alquati said.
Many fish and invertebrates, such as clams and sand dollars, start their lives as larvae, which are incredibly vulnerable to the effects of oil, Tjeerdema said. That’s why you might see a dip in their populations in the years following a spill. Bonisoli Alquati’s <a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ERL....11k4023B/abstract">research</a> has also shown that oil from a spill can make its way inland and affect land birds and other terrestrial animals. That means it's not just mucking up creatures that live in and around the sea.
Crude oil can also kill a vast amount of phytoplankton, which feed loads of other creatures. “We won’t see a lot of dead bodies with those because they’re nearly microscopic, but we will see a hit there — and they tend to be the base of the food chain,” Tjeerdema said. Spills damage plants, too, which has similar ramifications for the broader ecosystem, Bonisoli Alquati said.
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<figcaption>A pelican takes flight in the Talbert Marsh wetland after an oil spill in Huntington Beach, California.</figcaption>
<cite>Ringo H.W. Chiu/AP</cite></figure>
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<figcaption>Oil contaminates water in Talbert Marsh in Huntington Beach, California.</figcaption>
<cite>Mario Tama/Getty Images</cite></figure>
By destroying plants, spills can even make coastal areas more prone to erosion, he said, and that can lead to the “loss of the ecosystem entirely.” This played out in coastal Louisiana following the Deepwater Horizon disaster, he said. The region was already contending with intense oil and gas development, plus sediment loss in the Mississippi River and coastlines receding due to sea-level rise.
It’s important to remember that ecosystems can recover from a spill, said Tjeerdema, who explained that California ecosystems may take a few years to recover from this most recent spill. “The main point I want to make, having studied spills for so long, is that the environment recovers over time — it’s really resilient,” he said. For the most part, for example, the Gulf ecosystem has recovered from Deepwater Horizon, he said. (<a href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/how-is-wildlife-doing-now--ten-years-after-the-deepwater-horizon">Not everyone agrees</a>.)
What complicates that optimistic message is that ecosystems typically face more than just a glut of oil during a spill. Most coastal habitats are being sliced up by developers or suffering from other kinds of pollution already, such as factory runoff. The coast of Southern California is dotted with oil rigs and has already lost <a href="https://scc.ca.gov/2018/10/18/new-strategy-for-the-survival-of-southern-californias-wetlands/#:~:text=Southern%20California%20has%20already%20lost,impacts%20of%20sea%20level%20rise.&text=%E2%80%9CWetlands%20provide%20some%20of%20the,wildlife%2C%20people%20and%20local%20economies.">62 percent</a> of its 33,400 acres of coastal wetlands.
“Shorebirds and marine birds are already facing immense challenges from loss of habitat and climate change,” Andrea Jones, director of bird conservation for Audubon California, said in a <a href="https://ca.audubon.org/press-release/audubon-california-orange-county-oil-spill-extreme-concern-migrating-seabirds">statement</a>. “A spill like this makes it even harder for them to thrive.”
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<figcaption>A Chevron deepwater oil platform off the coast of Louisiana in the Gulf of Mexico.</figcaption>
<cite>Luke Sharrett/Bloomberg via Getty Images</cite></figure>
The California oil spill is a big deal: It occurred in a heavily populated and environmentally sensitive area, and it has prompted Democratic lawmakers in the state to <a href="https://www.eenews.net/articles/calif-lawmakers-demand-offshore-drilling-ban-in-spills-wake/">renew calls</a> for a ban on offshore drilling and the governor to declare a <a href="https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/10.4.2021-Oil-Spill-SOE-signed.pdf">state of emergency</a>. But it’s just one of a number of recent spills. In the two weeks following Hurricane Ida in the Gulf this summer, more than 50 oil leaks were reported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
Extreme storms frequently damage oil infrastructure and cause spills. Hurricane Katrina caused a series of spills that sent roughly <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/09/26/climate/ida-oil-spills.html">10 million gallons</a> of oil into the Gulf. That’s the equivalent of 80 spills the size of the one that just hit Huntington Beach, or about how much oil leaked into the ocean during the Exxon Valdez disaster.
In other words, the oil and gas industry is fueling a problem — rapid global warming that can worsen extreme weather — that puts its own infrastructure, and potentially entire ecosystems, at risk.
<figure class="e-image"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1633467327_8851_21537" data-cdata='{"asset_id":22902444,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/HAiI9WQ164IrER9mITXn_e3FpB0=/0x0:3000x2100/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2100):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902444/Number_of_oil_spills.png 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/nNPzafduh2XemJ80MHSMm8wQmFA=/0x0:3000x2100/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2100):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902444/Number_of_oil_spills.png 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/dgV7Kpyzs4Pwgqf-2rou982tD48=/0x0:3000x2100/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2100):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902444/Number_of_oil_spills.png 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/NSLuHbfA8shycJ-k5fFfbWX4BvI=/0x0:3000x2100/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2100):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902444/Number_of_oil_spills.png 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/s7c5b1N4zK2gUvyQbLf7ns-4dp8=/0x0:3000x2100/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2100):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902444/Number_of_oil_spills.png 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/d9VykXGFWYRgmbfVx6YBDcVLfwE=/0x0:3000x2100/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2100):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902444/Number_of_oil_spills.png 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Z3Ub2u0iowT7lxM7gPBKAVG7-UY=/0x0:3000x2100/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2100):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902444/Number_of_oil_spills.png 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/aha-5FLLdwFHTvV41lUiaOU02iI=/0x0:3000x2100/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2100):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902444/Number_of_oil_spills.png 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/3bPOuTyJEcMnG5THSVlceIHdUnM=/0x0:3000x2100/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2100):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902444/Number_of_oil_spills.png 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="A chart showing fewer oil spills from oil tankers in the last decade than in the 1970s and ’80s." data-upload-width="3000" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/C3gaT9N4JO9n-DPl8BcbB66V9aY=/0x0:3000x2100/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2100):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902444/Number_of_oil_spills.png" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/SUArfLV8lbhNTQvpy0cOJ8G6GLY=/0x0:3000x2100/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2100):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902444/Number_of_oil_spills.png 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/d4k9u2cOLDP06kQtFJSA8BQhHCk=/0x0:3000x2100/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2100):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902444/Number_of_oil_spills.png 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/DwR1weydABUcUH90xI5BoeQOVi4=/0x0:3000x2100/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2100):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902444/Number_of_oil_spills.png 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/XFoj80JsW4G76I-iZ6MoSb9_saM=/0x0:3000x2100/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2100):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902444/Number_of_oil_spills.png 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/xfT1QdbMrmaAWaimVK6WG--l644=/0x0:3000x2100/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2100):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902444/Number_of_oil_spills.png 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ifFYWV8fjBHOrYQqggbbmnjpWl8=/0x0:3000x2100/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2100):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902444/Number_of_oil_spills.png 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/FrN1zLgqZO5qaYL6ypDAW15sbA0=/0x0:3000x2100/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2100):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902444/Number_of_oil_spills.png 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/aHXs6-ZLRY8Ozc62ckEIrgEweuU=/0x0:3000x2100/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2100):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902444/Number_of_oil_spills.png 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/BPnyD6gQ94zehu1DhLBTYcF5oCw=/0x0:3000x2100/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2100):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22902444/Number_of_oil_spills.png 1920w" /></picture>
<figcaption>Oil spills from tankers have declined over time.</figcaption>
<cite>Our World in Data</cite></figure>
To be sure, spills don’t appear to be getting more common, or more severe, according to data from NOAA. One of the most recent very large spills took place in 2010 when over a million gallons spilled into Michigan’s Kalamazoo River. “We don’t have as many catastrophic oil spills as we had 30 or 40 years ago,” Tjeerdema said. It helps that we now have safer equipment for transporting oil, such as double-hulled ships.
But our planet stands to benefit enormously if oil spills keep declining all the way to zero so that wildlife is spared their devastating effects. “We have the capacity and we have the tools to change,” Tjeerdema said. “It’s the will that is lacking.”
 
 
source <a href="https://www.vox.com/down-to-earth/22708654/oil-spills-wildlife-huntington-beach-california">https://www.vox.com/down-to-earth/22708654/oil-spills-wildlife-huntington-beach-california</a>

vox Why the Huntington Beach oil spill is so harmful to wildlife

On October 2, an oil pipeline off the coast of Southern California ruptured, spewing an estimated 126,000 gallons of crude into the Pacific ...

Earth’s climate is chaotic. The winners of the 2021 Nobel Prize in physics found patterns in the noise.

Three scientists who began to cut through the chaos of the global climate, laying the foundation for forecasts about the future of the planet, were awarded the <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2021/press-release/">2021 Nobel Prize in physics</a> on Tuesday.
Half of the $1.1 million prize was awarded to <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2021/parisi/facts/">Giorgio Parisi</a>, 73, of Sapienza University in Italy, for his work quantifying randomness and connecting the movement of atoms to the planet as a whole. The other half was split evenly between <a href="https://scholar.princeton.edu/manabe/home">Syukuro Manabe</a>, 90, of Princeton University, and <a href="https://mpimet.mpg.de/en/staff/externalmembers/klaus-hasselmann">Klaus Hasselmann</a>, 89, of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Germany. Manabe and Hasselmann developed models that could make reliable forecasts despite the inherent volatility of the planet’s climate system.
“I am so surprised,” Manabe told the <a href="https://twitter.com/NobelPrize/status/1445413974560976902">Nobel Prize website</a>. “Nobody has received the physics prize for my kind of work, and I really appreciate the Swedish Academy of Sciences [for choosing] this field, climate topics and climate change.”
The big picture of climate change is straightforward enough: Heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere are turning Earth into a metaphorical greenhouse, making the planet warm up.
But exactly how that warming will occur — across the planet’s oceans, ice caps, mountains, forests, and cities, fueled by everything from methane leaks to carbon dioxide to hydrofluorocarbons — is extraordinarily messy.
“We are awash in complexity at every scale we observe, and [as] scientists, we ask: How much detail is required to explain the observations?” <a href="https://physics.yale.edu/people/john-wettlaufer">John Wettlaufer</a>, a physicist at Yale University, said at the press conference announcing the prize. “Must we track every water molecule to explain the ocean?”
The physics laureates found ways to account for the roiling randomness present in everything from materials to the motion of the atmosphere, and still make useful predictions.
<div>
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
BREAKING NEWS: 
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the 2021 <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/NobelPrize?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#NobelPrize</a> in Physics to Syukuro Manabe, Klaus Hasselmann and Giorgio Parisi “for groundbreaking contributions to our understanding of complex physical systems.” <a href="https://t.co/At6ZeLmwa5">pic.twitter.com/At6ZeLmwa5</a>
— The Nobel Prize (@NobelPrize) <a href="https://twitter.com/NobelPrize/status/1445325078451867651?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">October 5, 2021</a></blockquote>
</div>
The Nobel Prize committees have recognized the global challenge of climate change before. The <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2007/summary/">2007 Nobel Peace Prize</a> was awarded to former US Vice President Al Gore and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, a global group of leading climate scientists convened by the United Nations. The <a href="https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2018/10/8/17950666/nobel-economics-climate-change">2018 economics prize</a> was shared by William Nordhaus, who developed a model that integrated physical climate models and economics, quantifying the social impacts of warming.
Now climate modeling is getting a turn in the spotlight. Figuring out exactly how the planet will warm up is urgent: It will shape where crops can grow, where people can live, and what the rising onslaught of disasters will cost. These scientists, and the stark future they helped to illuminate, are still shaping humanity’s efforts to avert a global catastrophe.
Climate science has rapidly advanced in recent years, but the foundations were laid hundreds of years ago and predate the Nobel Prizes, which were first awarded in 1901.
In the 1820s, French scientist <a href="http://mpe.dimacs.rutgers.edu/2013/01/19/the-discovery-of-global-warming/">Joseph Fourier</a> theorized that the Earth must have some way of retaining heat and that the atmosphere may play some role. In 1850, American scientist <a href="https://www.climate.gov/news-features/features/happy-200th-birthday-eunice-foote-hidden-climate-science-pioneer">Eunice Newton Foote</a> put thermometers in glass tubes and experimented with placing them in sunlight. Inside the tubes, Foote compared dry air, moist air, and carbon dioxide, and found that the tube containing CO2 warmed up more than the others and stayed hotter longer.
“An atmosphere of that gas would give to our earth a high temperature,” she wrote in a paper presenting her findings.
In 1859, Irish scientist <a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/Tyndall">John Tyndall</a> began quantifying how much heat different gases in the atmosphere absorb. “As a dam built across a river causes a local deepening of the stream, so our atmosphere, thrown as a barrier across the terrestrial rays, produces a local heightening of the temperature at the Earth’s surface,” Tyndall wrote.
And in 1896, Swedish scientist <a href="https://www.rsc.org/images/Arrhenius1896_tcm18-173546.pdf">Svante Arrhenius</a> calculated by how much carbon dioxide warms the planet and in his later work theorized that more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would cause the planet to heat up.
But figuring out how these larger trends play out on smaller, more tangible scales proved complicated. How much a given region would warm up with more greenhouse gas emissions hinges on local conditions like tree cover, air pollution, wind patterns, and rainfall in addition to how much heat the atmosphere can trap.
As a meteorologist for the US government and at Princeton in the 1960s, Syukuro Manabe connected energy absorbed by the atmosphere to the movement of air vertically over the Earth, a critical parameter for simulating the climate.
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<figcaption>Syukuro Manabe showed how the atmosphere traps heat, accounting for the movement of air and water. It’s a vital parameter in climate models.</figcaption>
<cite><a class="ql-link" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2021/10/popular-physicsprize2021.pdf" target="_blank">Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences</a></cite></figure>
At the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in the 1980s, Klaus Hasselmann worked to connect rambunctious, short-term weather patterns with long-term shifts in the climate. He found that even noisy weather data could yield insight into broader patterns, and even allow scientists to trace human influence on the climate. These findings planted some of the earliest seeds of <a href="https://www.vox.com/22616968/ipcc-climate-change-report-attribution-extreme-weather-heat-fire">climate attribution science</a>, which scientists now use to quantify just how much humans have worsened a given heat wave or torrential downpour.
Giorgio Parisi’s work wasn’t inherently linked to climate systems, but his research in the 1980s proved that the seemingly random movements of particles could be quantified into patterns and predictions. This insight helped climate scientists build simulations up from individual gas molecules.
In the decades since this early work, climate models have grown more sophisticated, and computing power has started to catch up. It’s given researchers a <a href="https://www.vox.com/22620706/climate-change-ipcc-report-2021-ssp-scenario-future-warming">clearer vision of the future</a> should greenhouse gases continue surging in the sky.
But the greatest uncertainty in climate forecasts remains what humanity will do — whether countries, corporations, and individuals will choose to cut their harmful emissions rapidly and drastically. And that remains, as scientists say, an area of active research.
“Most urgently needed is action against climate change,” Hasselmann told <a href="https://twitter.com/NobelPrize/status/1445369552880160769">the website of the Nobel Prize</a>. “There are many things we can do to prevent climate change, and this is the whole question of whether people will realize that something which will happen in 20 or 30 years is something you have to respond to now.”
It’s up to us to solve the problem that Hasselman, Manabe, and Parisi helped the world understand.
 
 
source <a href="https://www.vox.com/22710418/2021-physics-nobel-prize-climate-change-chaos-model">https://www.vox.com/22710418/2021-physics-nobel-prize-climate-change-chaos-model</a>

vox Earth’s climate is chaotic. The winners of the 2021 Nobel Prize in physics found patterns in the noise.

Three scientists who began to cut through the chaos of the global climate, laying the foundation for forecasts about the future of the plane...

Why nuclear plants are shutting down

The infamous Indian Point nuclear plant, located roughly 30 miles north of Manhattan, shut down earlier this year. To many, the shutdown was a victory following <a href="https://americanarchive.org/catalog/cpb-aacip_259-4746sz79">decades</a> <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2002/04/24/nyregion/post-9-11-opposition-to-indian-point-plant-grows.html">of</a> <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/13/nyregion/fire-prompts-renewed-calls-to-close-the-indian-point-nuclear-plant.html">protests</a> about safety and environmental concerns. Here’s the problem: When operating, Indian Point provided <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/12/nyregion/indian-point-power-plant-closing.html">more electricity</a> than is produced annually by all solar and wind in New York state.
Indian Point is not the only nuclear plant shutting down. Since 1990, the number of operating nuclear units in the United States has been declining.
<figure class="e-image"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1633468565_6451_45704" data-cdata='{"asset_id":22893275,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/m89AsYmP9tsEKsXuAIRLdboZl_g=/0x0:1920x1080/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893275/Nuclear_units_US_chorus.jpeg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/zODcP2zAYcl_BLYheiBbiD459qE=/0x0:1920x1080/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893275/Nuclear_units_US_chorus.jpeg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/bPYjwValCxGJrt8Jkq1-k0WixJI=/0x0:1920x1080/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893275/Nuclear_units_US_chorus.jpeg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/a8h7g3qxnGTj6kY5rxxKt7uEOmg=/0x0:1920x1080/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893275/Nuclear_units_US_chorus.jpeg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Fz7k9Wb3l_XAqE9e2VgHKKRojQg=/0x0:1920x1080/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893275/Nuclear_units_US_chorus.jpeg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/mp1jMpRJ4dTkwj1DiNYx6ibJRdw=/0x0:1920x1080/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893275/Nuclear_units_US_chorus.jpeg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/lL-zU7lI8REiO-pYjM8qdL2bh1Y=/0x0:1920x1080/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893275/Nuclear_units_US_chorus.jpeg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/dcqpLeF5K00JrX7sP5WUQyviSS0=/0x0:1920x1080/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893275/Nuclear_units_US_chorus.jpeg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/QUBhYvLQsx6Hnm4FssgAVLouxDQ=/0x0:1920x1080/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893275/Nuclear_units_US_chorus.jpeg 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="Bar graph showing number of nuclear units in the US from 2010 to 2020." data-upload-width="1920" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/08H6n4VIqRkafVBLZrz0nbV4rho=/0x0:1920x1080/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893275/Nuclear_units_US_chorus.jpeg" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/1HP7SY2I_2kuAyy9fHiFqRymMWk=/0x0:1920x1080/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893275/Nuclear_units_US_chorus.jpeg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/T_BoCUIsZJJle69bjM3VyKt7fBM=/0x0:1920x1080/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893275/Nuclear_units_US_chorus.jpeg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/3gSEkGWfJQ5qeIoUZtxo4h8v1XA=/0x0:1920x1080/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893275/Nuclear_units_US_chorus.jpeg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/cSKtlpO8RpvAEg52udqTa5t4mWw=/0x0:1920x1080/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893275/Nuclear_units_US_chorus.jpeg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/B3qumG3610rFSixI0EBuemYhfLw=/0x0:1920x1080/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893275/Nuclear_units_US_chorus.jpeg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/JGEBH8iTz1j1I2TXUdshR-jKXL0=/0x0:1920x1080/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893275/Nuclear_units_US_chorus.jpeg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/xMdbHouINIBf4bMxqhUjCffjutk=/0x0:1920x1080/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893275/Nuclear_units_US_chorus.jpeg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Io0mmRFGt0we441z4w3MpPzVjOg=/0x0:1920x1080/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893275/Nuclear_units_US_chorus.jpeg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/O0dBj_looMWyWdoOfrvyBfxJnMo=/0x0:1920x1080/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893275/Nuclear_units_US_chorus.jpeg 1920w" /></picture>
<figcaption>The total number of operating nuclear units in the US is declining as plants close.</figcaption>
<cite>Statista</cite></figure>
Nuclear plants generate roughly 10 percent of the electricity used around the world but 20 percent in the United States — and 52 percent of the electricity used in the United States that doesn’t come from fossil fuels.
<figure class="e-image"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1633468566_4280_45705" data-cdata='{"asset_id":22893537,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/TWDUEbUi9yfoV9zhP9c7Onqvp4A=/0x0:1920x1080/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893537/Electricity_sources_world_chorus.jpeg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ECTZXq17F1wCksDD1BVPhcj6dfI=/0x0:1920x1080/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893537/Electricity_sources_world_chorus.jpeg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ywP3H440VPG13DVgKLEZ-g9tnWI=/0x0:1920x1080/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893537/Electricity_sources_world_chorus.jpeg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/nl56UekWtwFT6xZ0lQe1pgecO8s=/0x0:1920x1080/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893537/Electricity_sources_world_chorus.jpeg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/R0l3jyhBV0H6QtneZKMaEvFeCoc=/0x0:1920x1080/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893537/Electricity_sources_world_chorus.jpeg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/z-Tc9rtY6fjHWywFzuhezo3eHik=/0x0:1920x1080/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893537/Electricity_sources_world_chorus.jpeg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/uUWrploKDzkiJFzUUzn5gI3z78w=/0x0:1920x1080/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893537/Electricity_sources_world_chorus.jpeg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/iGTNbp9L4nbJ5w1B1DzfUxWdKvA=/0x0:1920x1080/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893537/Electricity_sources_world_chorus.jpeg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/nA2lFQhLrtW-HZe-v4rZpLSg-pk=/0x0:1920x1080/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893537/Electricity_sources_world_chorus.jpeg 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="Percentage bar graph showing global electricity sources between fossil fuels, nuclear, and renewables." data-upload-width="1920" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ogj2GFtBtp4RwRpP-svVgrdLEug=/0x0:1920x1080/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893537/Electricity_sources_world_chorus.jpeg" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ghR66bXWhygbGmL32-lXgeMZljM=/0x0:1920x1080/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893537/Electricity_sources_world_chorus.jpeg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/LI_X7StbX5eEMzDjQHPLg_bwYWg=/0x0:1920x1080/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893537/Electricity_sources_world_chorus.jpeg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/WeaVWhQLU-PXHd29EsVku8CjTjI=/0x0:1920x1080/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893537/Electricity_sources_world_chorus.jpeg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/_ZfUFeC9W6gIRvYQ1-xFhnV9p3c=/0x0:1920x1080/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893537/Electricity_sources_world_chorus.jpeg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/saqSEoKM08YcCRUa1f4yRc7XMQ0=/0x0:1920x1080/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893537/Electricity_sources_world_chorus.jpeg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/LUFjaD7GtjODkmqsFe3RBWet6oQ=/0x0:1920x1080/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893537/Electricity_sources_world_chorus.jpeg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/0cKnn_ynGhUZGUzxP3-MPSnoEkM=/0x0:1920x1080/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893537/Electricity_sources_world_chorus.jpeg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/jAbJQWPVawrEQ9HU08RcG4OV1CY=/0x0:1920x1080/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893537/Electricity_sources_world_chorus.jpeg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/TKbKPDP_zD8MltsQizlfCF_keoQ=/0x0:1920x1080/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1920x1080):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22893537/Electricity_sources_world_chorus.jpeg 1920w" /></picture>
<figcaption>Fossil fuels still provide 63 percent of the world’s electricity. Nuclear accounts for roughly 10 percent, and renewables for the remaining 27 percent.</figcaption>
<cite>Our World in Data</cite></figure>
When a reactor shuts down, utilities often end up replacing the lost electricity by burning more coal or natural gas, according to <a href="https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=28572">analysis by the US Energy Information Administration</a>. The electricity generated from Indian Point, for example, was replaced largely by natural gas. And as <a href="https://www.volts.wtf/p/welcome-to-volts">energy reporter David Roberts</a> points out, even if we were able to replace the lost electricity with renewable energy like wind and solar, that’s renewable energy that isn’t going to replace fossil fuels. With each plant that closes, we’re taking a step backward on climate change.
So why are so many nuclear plants shutting down? In this video, we explore that question by taking a closer look at Indian Point.
You can find this video and all of <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCLXo7UDZvByw2ixzpQCufnA">Vox’s videos on YouTube</a>.
 
 
source <a href="https://www.vox.com/videos/2021/10/5/22704083/nuclear-power-plants-indian-point-shutdown">https://www.vox.com/videos/2021/10/5/22704083/nuclear-power-plants-indian-point-shutdown</a>

vox Why nuclear plants are shutting down

The infamous Indian Point nuclear plant, located roughly 30 miles north of Manhattan, shut down earlier this year. To many, the shutdown was...

One Good Thing: A campy, colorful martial arts epic to stream after Shang-Chi

<div><img class="ff-og-image-inserted" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/_8F06oz-wV51kaMiHrDVrinqTeQ=/0x0:1000x524/fit-in/1200x630/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22868245/Hero_JetLi.jpg" /></div>
It’s not an exaggeration to liken wuxia-style martial arts to poetry in motion. The characters levitate, their robes billow in slow motion, and their bodies, even in death, appear tranquil.
In the opening scenes of Marvel’s Shang-Chi, audiences caught a brief glimpse of the Chinese genre’s captivating potential through a <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hFMXGOVDD6U">fierce yet flirtatious battle</a> between Shang-Chi’s parents, choreographed with dance-like fluidity. Despite this dutiful nod to wuxia, most of the film’s action sequences are tediously brute and laden with special effects. The protagonist cycles through scene after scene of unrelenting hand-to-hand combat, leaving little room for character development. <a href="https://www.vox.com/22638536/shang-chi-review-representation-simu-liu-awkwafina">Shang-Chi</a> is, after all, an American movie, geared toward viewers more familiar with Jackie Chan-style kung fu than the lethal grace of wuxia’s long-haired heroes.
In contrast, Yimou Zhang’s 2002 martial-arts epic Hero, which is available to stream on HBO Max, is the perfect wuxia film. In fact, Quentin Tarantino was so taken by Hero that he convinced Miramax to release it in theaters two years after it screened in China.
Shang-Chi viewers will delight in seeing again the ever-emotive Tony Leung, this time as a formidable swordsman. Clocking in at about an hour and 40 minutes, it’s a short, well-paced movie that balances action and expression. The story of Hero unfolds through a series of flashbacks, and the film leads with an ambiguous rumination on the nature of war and heroism: “In any war, there are heroes on both sides.”
For me, Hero served as a cinematic palate cleanser from Marvel’s CGI-heavy climaxes and conventional hero/villain dichotomies. Set in ancient China during the Seven Warring States era, the film follows a nameless warrior (Jet Li) who receives a private audience with the King of Qin (Daoming Chen) after claiming to have slain the legendary assassins Long Sky (Donnie Yen), Flying Snow (Maggie Cheung), and Broken Sword (Tony Leung). The three assassins, who hail from the rival state of Zhao, have come so close to killing the king that he stopped allowing anyone to come within 100 paces of the throne. The nameless warrior is the first to receive a private audience in 10 years.
Nameless is urged to recount his encounters with the assassins. It is through these detailed flashbacks, which are vibrantly color-coded in shades of red, blue, green, and white, that the audience, alongside the king, is able to piece together the warrior’s true intent. Hero’s narrative structure has drawn comparisons to that of the legendary Japanese film Rashomon, a mystery told from multiple perspectives. Through the film’s striking use of color and landscape, combined with its riveting action sequences, it goes beyond the chronological constraints of a typical blockbuster film. Rather, the protagonist is at the tail end of his hero’s journey, an inversion of a familiar plot structure.
The decision to divide the film into five distinct color themes was an aesthetic decision. Zhang and cinematographer Christopher Doyle emphasized it was not a symbolic choice. Yet, the use of color arguably carries more thematic resonance than if it simply existed as a stylistic flair. ‘’Part of the beauty of the film is that it is one story colored by different perceptions,” Doyle told the <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/15/movies/film-cracking-the-color-code-of-hero.html">New York Times</a>. ‘’I think that’s the point. Every story is colored by personal perception.”
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At times, though, the film’s artistic excess veers close to campiness, which makes its action sequences all the more memorable. The <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AeeoEpmyb2Y">first sword fight</a> between Nameless and Sky is set to the hypnotic twang of a guqin, a stringed Chinese instrument, as rain falls around them. Nameless lunges in slow motion toward his enemy, piercing through Sky’s water shield (yes, water shield) to defeat him.
In the red chapter of the film, Flying Snow and Moon (Ziyi Zhang), Broken Sword’s apprentice, fight in a grove amid a downpour of yellow leaves. The women, in their saturated red robes, stand in stark contrast to the scenery. After Flying Snow delivers her lethal blow, the cascading leaves and surrounding trees turn from yellow to ruby red, cloaking the fallen body of Moon.
Then, there’s the iconic showdown between Nameless and Broken Sword. The men’s floating swordplay is interspersed with <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iH8DgOTPpz0">landscape shots of the clear blue lake</a> that they’re dueling — and skipping — across. Some frames resemble an Impressionist painting, while others have their faces comedically superimposed against the backdrop. The fight ends in a sudden draw for Broken Sword to gently wipe off a drop of water flecked on his dead lover’s face.
For some, these scenes might feel overdone. It’s very Criterion Channel, very art house. One can argue that the entire wuxia genre is camp. See: the waist-length hair, regardless of gender; the hyena-like battle wails; the superhuman ability to fly. Ultimately, though, Hero is an earnest film that relishes in the complex motives of its characters, from assassin to ruler. They are motivated by honor, desire for peace, and love — of country, family, and lover.
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<aside><q>One can argue that the entire wuxia genre is camp</q></aside>
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There are only two narrators (Nameless and the King) recounting their interpretation of previous events. Yet, each flashback is so distinct and immersive that you can’t help but be convinced that each version carries some grain of truth. Characters are killed multiple times, and every tragedy feels so singular and final in how they are grieved. Only a few minutes later, though, it’s revealed that the character is actually alive, and the version of events told was partly false. This element of surprise is what I enjoyed most about Hero, coupled with its colorful excess.
Without spoiling too much of its ending, the greatest criticism of the movie is its thinly veiled support of Chinese autocracy. Zhang, the director, has <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2004/dec/17/1">claimed</a> that he had no political points to make, but Hero clearly is a nationalist film. Still, given how the movie’s events are a loose, fictionalized interpretation of ancient Chinese history, it would be reductive to dismiss it as pure propaganda.
There is a real purpose to the violence in Hero and others in the wuxia genre. “What matters is not the manner of death, but the manner of dying,” the critic Robert Ebert <a href="https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/hero-2004">wrote</a>. That’s what makes Hero such an intriguing film. While its characters are god-like martial arts masters, capable of murder and violence, it can be easy to forget their humanity and mortality. They, like us, can be selfish, foolish, cruel, short-sighted, and loving. Even for an escapist folk-fantasy film like Hero, that’s a much-needed reminder.
Hero is available to stream on <a href="https://www.hbomax.com/feature/urn:hbo:feature:GXYTu-gW4DMIAIwEAAANA">HBO Max</a>. For more recommendations from the world of culture, check out the <a href="https://www.vox.com/one-good-thing">One Good Thing</a> archives.
 
 
source <a href="https://www.vox.com/22686261/hero-jet-li-tony-leung-movie">https://www.vox.com/22686261/hero-jet-li-tony-leung-movie</a>

vox One Good Thing: A campy, colorful martial arts epic to stream after Shang-Chi

It’s not an exaggeration to liken wuxia-style martial arts to poetry in motion. The characters levitate, their robes billow in slow motion,...

The UK has Fallen – 81% of Covid-19 deaths are among the Vaccinated, Male Teen Deaths have rised by 63% since they were offered the jab, Covid-19 Deat...

Are you aware that Australia is currently in the grip of dictatorial tyranny due to a handful of Covid-19 deaths occurring every day? What’s happening in that country has absolutely nothing to do with a virus, and everything to do with control, and you only need to look at what’s going on in the United Kingdom to confirm that.
Because the latest Public Health data shows that Covid-19 vaccinated people have accounted for 81% of Covid-19 deaths this summer, whilst UK Government data shows that Covid-19 deaths are over 11 times higher than this time last year, and Office for National Statistics data shows that since teens were first given the Covid-19 vaccine there has been a 63% increase in deaths among teen boys compared to the same period in 2020.
The UK is essentially in the midst of a national disaster with a vaccine programme that has clearly failed, but more worryingly has also killed children, and will kill more. because we seem to have a problem in the UK where a huge majority of the population do not believe a single thing unless it is shown on the BBC News.
But the data could not be more clear. Just take a look at <a href="https://publichealthscotland.scot/media/9475/21-09-29-covid19-publication_report.pdf">Public Health Scotland’s latest Covid-19 Statistical report</a> published September 29th. Table 18 of the report shows that the vast majority of Covid-19 deaths between August 21st and September 17th 2021 were among the fully vaccinated population with 233 deaths recorded, accounting for 77% of all Covid-19 deaths.
Throw in the 10 deaths to have occurred among the partly vaccinated and that means the vaccinated population accounted for 81% of Covid-19 deaths in Scotland between August 21st and September 17th.
UK Health Security Agency (the sinister replacement for Public Health England) data doesn’t look much better either. Table 4 of <a href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1022238/Vaccine_surveillance_report_-_week_39.pdf">the report</a> published by UKHSA shows that there were 687 deaths among the unvaccinated, 110 deaths among the partly vaccinated, but a frightening 2,338 deaths among the fully vaccinated between August 30th and September 26th 2021.
This means that the unvaccinated account for just 22% of Covid-19 deaths during September 2021, whilst the vaccinated account for a disastrous 78%.
And don’t even attempt to argue that this is normal because the majority of the adult population have allegedly been vaccinated. If this were normal then how do you explain the fact that Covid-19 deaths are over twelve times higher than the same period last year when there wasn’t a Covid-19 vaccine available?
With only a claimed 95% effectiveness (The latest UKHSA data actually shows the vaccines have a negative efficacy as low as MINUS 66 percent), you would of course expect to still see some Covid-19 deaths. But not when seasonality should be on our side, just like it was in 2020 when deaths dropped to nearly zero.
Mix seasonality in with an effective vaccine and you would have thought the UK would have just enjoyed a Covid-19 free summer, but the reality has been far from it.
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<figure class="aligncenter"><img alt="" class="wp-image-19523" data-attachment-id="19523" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-caption="" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="image-19" data-large-file="https://i1.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/image-19.png?fit=639%2C365&ssl=1" data-medium-file="https://i1.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/image-19.png?fit=300%2C171&ssl=1" data-orig-file="https://i1.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/image-19.png?fit=1014%2C579&ssl=1" data-orig-size="1014,579" data-permalink="https://theexpose.uk/2021/10/03/safe-and-effective-78-percent-covid-deaths-vaccinated-47-percent-rise-teen-deaths/image-19-11/" height="579" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 639px) 100vw, 639px" src="https://i1.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/image-19.png?resize=639%2C364&ssl=1" srcset="https://i1.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/image-19.png?w=1014&ssl=1 1014w, https://i1.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/image-19.png?resize=300%2C171&ssl=1 300w, https://i1.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/image-19.png?resize=768%2C439&ssl=1 768w" width="1014" /></figure>
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The above numbers are what you would expect to see in the middle of winter with an effective vaccine, not the middle of summer.
But as if having a Covid-19 vaccination programme which is proving to not only not work, but also make the recipients of the jabs much worse, wasn’t bad enough, the Chief Medical Officer for England, <a href="https://theexpose.uk/2021/09/13/evidence-the-covid-19-vaccine-is-killing-children/">Professor Chris Whitty decided that he wouldn’t accept the decision</a> made by the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation, and overruled them because he clearly wants to kill children.
Just like he helped to kill the elderly and vulnerable with a blanket policy of Do Not Resuscitate orders being used as an excuse to start end of life care which involved starving and dehydrating the patients whilst <a href="https://theexpose.uk/2021/06/13/stay-at-home-protect-the-nhs-give-midazolam-to-the-elderly-and-tell-you-they-are-covid-deaths/">overdosing them on a drug called Midazolam</a>, that is known to cause the same symptoms as serious disease due to Covid-19.
It’s too soon to tell if children have already died due to Chris Whitty’s decision to offer them an experimental leaky Covid-19 injection, but official Office for National Statistics data does show us that teens over the age of 15 have already seen a significant rise in deaths since they started to be given the Covid-19 vaccine.
The 2020 edition of ‘Deaths registered weekly in England and Wales’, which can be downloaded <a href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=%2Fpeoplepopulationandcommunity%2Fbirthsdeathsandmarriages%2Fdeaths%2Fdatasets%2Fweeklyprovisionalfiguresondeathsregisteredinenglandandwales%2F2020/publishedweek532020.xlsx">here</a>, and accessed on the ONS website <a href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/datasets/weeklyprovisionalfiguresondeathsregisteredinenglandandwales">here</a>, shows that between the week ending 8th May 2020 and the week ending 18th September 2020, a total of 219 deaths occurred among 15 – 19-year-olds. Of these 142 deaths were among teenage boys, whilst 77 deaths were among teenage girls.
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<figure class="aligncenter"><img alt="" class="wp-image-19647" data-attachment-id="19647" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-caption="" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="image-26" data-large-file="https://i1.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/image-26.png?fit=639%2C59&ssl=1" data-medium-file="https://i1.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/image-26.png?fit=300%2C28&ssl=1" data-orig-file="https://i1.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/image-26.png?fit=3054%2C283&ssl=1" data-orig-size="3054,283" data-permalink="https://theexpose.uk/2021/10/04/teen-boy-deaths-increased-by-63-percent-since-they-had-covid-vaccine/image-26-11/" height="283" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 639px) 100vw, 639px" src="https://i1.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/image-26.png?resize=639%2C59&ssl=1" srcset="https://i1.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/image-26.png?w=3054&ssl=1 3054w, https://i1.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/image-26.png?resize=300%2C28&ssl=1 300w, https://i1.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/image-26.png?resize=1024%2C95&ssl=1 1024w, https://i1.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/image-26.png?resize=768%2C71&ssl=1 768w, https://i1.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/image-26.png?resize=1536%2C142&ssl=1 1536w, https://i1.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/image-26.png?resize=2048%2C190&ssl=1 2048w, https://i1.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/image-26.png?resize=1200%2C111&ssl=1 1200w, https://i1.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/image-26.png?w=1278&ssl=1 1278w, https://i1.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/image-26.png?w=1917&ssl=1 1917w" width="3054" /></figure>
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Whereas the 2021 editions of ‘Deaths registered weekly in England and Wales, which can be downloaded <a href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=%2Fpeoplepopulationandcommunity%2Fbirthsdeathsandmarriages%2Fdeaths%2Fdatasets%2Fweeklyprovisionalfiguresondeathsregisteredinenglandandwales%2F2021/publishedweek372021.xlsx">here</a>, and accessed on the ONS website <a href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/datasets/weeklyprovisionalfiguresondeathsregisteredinenglandandwales">here</a>, shows that between the week ending 7th May 2021 and the week ending 17th September 2021, a total of 320 deaths occurred among 15 – 19-year-olds. Of these 231 deaths were among teenage boys, whilst 89 deaths were amongst teenage girls.
<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter"><img alt="" class="wp-image-19648" data-attachment-id="19648" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-caption="" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="image-27" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/image-27.png?fit=639%2C94&ssl=1" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/image-27.png?fit=300%2C44&ssl=1" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/image-27.png?fit=2917%2C426&ssl=1" data-orig-size="2917,426" data-permalink="https://theexpose.uk/2021/10/04/teen-boy-deaths-increased-by-63-percent-since-they-had-covid-vaccine/image-27-11/" height="426" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 639px) 100vw, 639px" src="https://i0.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/image-27.png?resize=639%2C94&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/image-27.png?w=2917&ssl=1 2917w, https://i0.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/image-27.png?resize=300%2C44&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/image-27.png?resize=1024%2C150&ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/image-27.png?resize=768%2C112&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/image-27.png?resize=1536%2C224&ssl=1 1536w, https://i0.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/image-27.png?resize=2048%2C299&ssl=1 2048w, https://i0.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/image-27.png?resize=1200%2C175&ssl=1 1200w, https://i0.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/image-27.png?w=1278&ssl=1 1278w, https://i0.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/image-27.png?w=1917&ssl=1 1917w" width="2917" /></figure>
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This shows that the number of deaths between May 7th 2021 and September 17th 2021 among teens aged 15 and over were 46% higher than the number of deaths in this age group during the same period in 2020, and the increase in deaths began at precisely the same time teens started receiving the Covid-19 vaccine.
But what this also shows is that since the Covid-19 vaccines began being given to teens over the age of 15, deaths among teenage boys have increased by 63%, whereas deaths among teenage girls have still increased, but at a much lower rate of just 16%.
We compiled the following table of ONS figures so that we were able to easily compare the number of deaths per week among teens over the age of 15 separated into males and females.
The largest increase in male teen deaths came in the week ending September 3rd 2021 which saw a 700% increase in male teen deaths, but just a 17% increase in female teen deaths.
We were also able to discover from the table above that deaths in male teens have seen a significant increase in 17 of the 20 weeks since a sizeable amount of teens started getting the Covid-19 vaccine, with the remaining 3 weeks registering a 0% increase, a -45% decrease, and a -22% decrease registered in the week ending 17th September.
Whereas deaths among female teens only saw an increase on the previous year in 8 of the 20 weeks since this age group began receiving the Covid-19 vaccine. Five of the 20 weeks saw a 0% increase in deaths on the previous year, whilst 7 of the 20 weeks actually saw a percentage decrease in the number of deaths registered compared to the previous year.
We carried out a full investigation of the above data on Teen deaths which can be viewed here, which clearly shows correlation with emergency calls requesting an ambulance due to cardiac arrest rising to an all time high against the expected level.
When you consider that myocarditis, a condition which causes inflammation of the heart muscle and can lead to cardiac arrest, has been officially added to the safety label of the Pfizer and Moderna Covid-19 vaccines, and is known to occur much more often in males, it’s not hard to work out what’s happening here.
The problem is that it shouldn’t be us, and us alone who are seeing this. The British taxpayer funds several public institutions including the ONS, UKHSA (formerly PHE) , and MHRA (UK Medicine Regulator) which are supposed to be actively monitoring all of this data and looking for warning signs.
Which leaves us with three possible answers –
<ol>
<li>They’re too stupid to see what’s happening</li>
<li>They’re not looking</li>
<li>They don’t care, and are quite happy to kill Teenagers and Children</li>
</ol>
81% of Covid-19 deaths are among the vaccinated, Covid-19 deaths are over twelve times higher than this time last year, and deaths among Teen Boys have risen by 63% since they started to get the Covid-19 vaccine, yet the United Kingdom is just carrying on as normal as if none of this is actually happening.
We’ve been saying for weeks now that Australia has fallen, but it turns out the United Kingdom fell a long time ago.
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<div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__content" readability="17.079754601227"><time datetime="2021-10-04T08:58:06+01:00" class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__date">October 4, 2021</time><a href="https://theexpose.uk/2021/10/04/uk-government-attempting-to-bypass-parliament-to-introduce-vaccine-passports/" alt="UK Government Attempting to Bypass Parliament to Introduce Vaccine Passports">UK Government Attempting to Bypass Parliament to Introduce Vaccine Passports</a>
It appears as though the government is once again trying to sidestep …
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<div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__content" readability="12.663829787234"><time datetime="2021-10-04T06:30:00+01:00" class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__date">October 4, 2021</time><a href="https://theexpose.uk/2021/10/04/teen-boy-deaths-increased-by-63-percent-since-they-had-covid-vaccine/" alt="Investigation: Deaths among Teenage Boys have increased by 63% in the UK since they started getting the Covid-19 Vaccine according to ONS data">Investigation: Deaths among Teenage Boys have increased by 63% in the UK since they started getting the Covid-19 Vaccine according to ONS data</a>
An investigation of official ONS data has revealed that since the Covid-19 …
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<h3 class="jp-relatedposts-headline">Related</h3>
 
 
source <a href="https://theexpose.uk/2021/10/05/uk-has-fallen-81-percent-covid-deaths-vaccinated-teen-deaths-63-percent-higher/">https://theexpose.uk/2021/10/05/uk-has-fallen-81-percent-covid-deaths-vaccinated-teen-deaths-63-percent-higher/</a>

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