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See where birds are migrating in real time, in one map

If you’re like me, you’re probably easily fed up with the weather forecast. It’s often wrong or shows me what I don’t want to see.
I’m here to tell you that there’s a better forecast out there — a forecast for birds.
Called <a href="https://birdcast.info/">BirdCast</a>, the forecast provides a three-day outlook of how many birds will be flying overhead across the country — and where. After sunset on Tuesday, for example, BirdCast estimates that 74,000 of them will journey through the skies of New York City. The tool, which was developed by the Cornell Lab of Ornithology and a handful of other universities, also shows where large numbers of birds are cruising through the sky <a href="https://birdcast.info/migration-tools/live-migration-maps/">in close to real time</a>. In other words: It’s radar, but for birds.
This kind of predictive technology is especially useful as fall migration nears its peak in North America. Each autumn, billions of migratory birds travel south in search of food and warmer weather, some flying several thousand miles. The famous Arctic tern makes an epic journey of <a href="https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Arctic_Tern/overview">more than 12,000 miles</a> from the Arctic to Antarctica — a distance that surpasses the world’s longest nonstop commercial flight.
Migration offers something of a fleeting backyard paradise even to novice birdwatchers. You can see all kinds of unique species in your local patch of green as they’re passing through, such as warblers, thrushes, and sparrows in New York City’s Central Park. Forecasting maps like BirdCast help by revealing migration hot spots, from southern Texas to the Great Lakes region.
These tools are also a boon for birds. Hundreds of millions of them die each year from colliding with windows, and disorienting lights are a big part of the problem. Forecasts can help cities pinpoint when to turn off the lights, allowing more of the winged passersby safe passage.
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<figcaption>Chicago’s Field Museum has collected tens of thousands of birds that collided with buildings downtown. These four are from its collection.</figcaption>
<cite>Courtesy of the Field Museum</cite></figure>
Our ability to map and forecast birds is rooted, like so many innovations, in war. Engineers developed radar technology during World War II to detect enemy aircraft, which basically involves broadcasting microwaves and seeing what they bounce off of — not unlike how a bat might use sonar to map out a dark cave. During the war, radar operators began noticing strange dots — known as “<a href="https://drdavidclarke.co.uk/radar-uaps/radar-angels/">angels</a>” — appearing on their screens. The operators, some of whom were birders, eventually figured out that the dots weren’t bomb-carrying planes at all. They were birds.
The discovery sparked a revolution in ornithology. In the eight decades since, scientists have used radar technology to detect birds and swarms of insects in the night sky, just as meteorologists have <a href="https://birdcast.info/about/weather-surveillance-radar-and-bird-migration-primer/">used it to map out hurricanes and rainstorms</a>. More recently, major advances in computing have made it easier to process large amounts of data, allowing scientists to put together detailed migration forecasts in a short period, said Andrew Farnsworth, a senior research associate at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology, who leads the BirdCast project. We’re now in the era of radar ornithology, he said.
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<figcaption>BirdCast’s live map shows where birds are migrating. Warmer colors indicate higher numbers of birds are passing through an area.</figcaption>
<cite>Van Doren and Horton/BirdCast</cite></figure>
First launched in 2000, BirdCast runs on software that analyzes weather radar to discern what’s a bird versus a cloud or another object. That analysis produces a map of the US that shows where birds are migrating in the sky, like the one above, with warmer (oranger) regions showing where there’s more bird traffic — that is, more birds moving through an area at a given time. Pretty neat, right?
BirdCast also produces three-day forecasts, which estimate nighttime movements because the vast majority of North American birds migrate after dark. Researchers have a good idea of how weather affects their journeys — temperature, which affects the speed and direction of wind, is especially important for determining when birds travel, Farnsworth said. By leveraging weather forecasts, BirdCast estimates where birds might migrate in the near future. (You can find the forecast and “live” migration maps <a href="https://birdcast.info/migration-tools/">here</a>.)
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<figcaption>BirdCast’s migration forecast for Thursday, September 30.</figcaption>
<cite>Van Doren and Horton/BirdCast</cite></figure>
You can use these maps to go birdwatching, though keep in mind that they show the number of birds in the sky — not on the ground — and that the forecast is for nighttime migration. Where the predictive power really comes into play is in helping cities, big and small, reduce the number of birds that die from smashing into buildings.
Each year in the US, between 365 million and 988 million birds die from running into buildings, researchers <a href="https://www.pnas.org/content/118/24/e2101666118#:~:text=Using%20two%20decades%20of%20collision,important%20predictors%20of%20fatal%20collisions.">estimate</a>. It’s the second-leading cause of avian death in North America after predation by house cats, and light pollution is a big part of the problem. Lights can attract and disorient birds, causing them to crash.
That’s what makes bird forecasts so useful: When we know a large number of birds are set to pass through a particular region, it’s clear that we can prevent strikes by turning off at least some of the lights in buildings at night. It’s really that simple — and we know it works.
One study <a href="https://www.pnas.org/content/118/24/e2101666118#:~:text=Using%20two%20decades%20of%20collision,important%20predictors%20of%20fatal%20collisions.">published this summer</a>, for example, found that halving the area of windows that are illuminated at a large convention center in Chicago during spring migration led to 11 times fewer collisions. The authors further concluded that dimming lights during migration could reduce the number of collisions at the center by about 60 percent. You rarely come across wins of that magnitude in conservation — and literally overnight, at that.
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<figcaption>BirdCast has a <a class="ql-link" href="https://aeroecolab.com/uslights" target="_blank">feature</a> called “lights out alerts,” which reveal which cities should prioritize turning out the lights, and when.</figcaption>
<cite>Van Doren and Horton/BirdCast</cite></figure>
Across the US, more than 40 cities now have <a href="https://www.audubon.org/conservation/existing-lights-out-programs">Lights Out programs</a>, and some, <a href="https://www.audubon.org/news/new-york-city-passes-landmark-bill-make-more-buildings-bird-friendly">including New York</a>, have passed <a href="https://abcbirds.org/glass-collisions/existing-ordinances/">legislation</a> requiring that buildings be more bird-friendly — such as by using glass with patterns that make windows more visible to birds. BirdCast, for its part, has a <a href="https://aeroecolab.com/uslights">feature</a> called “lights out alerts” (shown above) that can help cities figure out when to go dark.
Similarly, researchers have proposed using forecasts to help reduce bird strikes at airports, which cause <a href="https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2664.13971">more than $1 billion</a> in damage each year globally. In <a href="https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2664.13971">one</a> recent study, scientists analyzed plane-bird collisions at three New York City airports and found that weather radar can “accurately predict the probability of bird strikes.” Theoretically, airports could use that information to make flying safer and less costly.
Bird radar isn’t just useful for birdwatchers and collision prevention. It’s also helping scientists answer some of ornithology’s biggest questions, such as how climate change is affecting the timing of migration.
Results from a radar-based 2019 <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-019-0648-9).">study</a>, for example, found that rising temperatures are shifting spring migration about two days earlier per decade in the US, on average. (The changes are much greater as you move farther north.) That may not sound like much, but migrations are carefully planned events where timing is a matter of life and death.
Birds have adapted to arrive at particular locations at particular times — for example, “when the pulses of spring insect blooms are peaking,” Farnsworth said. “With earlier rising temperatures, birds may arrive after the pulse of food availability, creating a growing mismatch. If this happens rapidly, bird populations may not be able to keep up.”
Researchers are also using radar to more closely investigate some of the unknowns of migration, like what happens to birds during a big thunderstorm or when wind patterns suddenly change. They previously thought storms might bring migration to a halt, Farnsworth said, but radar suggests otherwise. “The thought that rain automatically stops migration is totally wrong,” he said. “Birds are moving in all kinds of conditions.”
Yet despite all of the advances in radar ornithology, one major mystery remains largely unsolved. How do birds navigate, anyway? I still get turned around in my hometown, so it’s hard to imagine that birds can travel thousands of miles to a destination they’ve never seen or visited. To pull off such a feat, they likely use some combination of the sun, <a href="https://www.vox.com/22538268/animal-navigation-starlight-emlen-planetarium-experiments">the stars</a>, Earth’s magnetic field, and possibly even their sense of smell. But exactly how they piece all that information together to navigate is “a total mystery,” Farnsworth said. “I don’t think we’re anywhere near beginning to understand it.”
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vox See where birds are migrating in real time, in one map

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"Not Usurping...": US Top General Defends China Calls Over Trump Mental State

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<div class="ins_instory_dv_cont"><img alt="'Not Usurping...': US Top General Defends China Calls Over Trump Mental State" src="https://c.ndtvimg.com/2018-12/8fg6la2o_us-general-mark-milley-650_625x300_09_December_18.jpg" title="'Not Usurping...': US Top General Defends China Calls Over Trump Mental State" /></div>
Republicans called for US General Mark Milley's resignation during the hearing.
</div>
Washington:
U.S. General Mark Milley, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, fended off perhaps the most personal and direct attacks from lawmakers of his career on Tuesday as Republicans blasted his calls with China and his interviews for books critical of Donald Trump's presidency.
Milley, 63, was unshaken as Republicans called for his resignation during an already contentious hearing that was meant to focus on the chaotic U.S. withdrawal from Afghanistan - but repeatedly swerved into questions regarding the general.
When asked, Milley acknowledged talking to Washington Post author Bob Woodward for a book that showcased Milley's role trying to avert a crisis over apparent Chinese fears that Trump might attack Beijing in his final months in office.
The book detailed supposedly "secret" calls with General Li Zuocheng of the People's Liberation Army on Oct. 30, 2020 and again on Jan. 8, and said Milley had promised to warn China first if he were ordered to attack.
Milley confirmed the calls but said they were not secret to U.S. government officials and that he was acting on instructions from some of Trump's top aides to de-escalate tensions. He acknowledged trying to send a message that "we are not going to attack you" following U.S. intelligence indicating Beijing feared an attack.
Republican Senator Dan Sullivan challenged Milley, insinuating he would be executed for that kind of behavior in China.
"If the head of the PLA called you and said, 'Hey, we're getting ready to invade Taiwan' and (Chinese President) Xi Jinping found out about it, he'd be shot," Sullivan said, referring to China's People's Liberation Army.
Milley said the calls were part of his mandate to ensure strategic stability.
"I know, I am certain, President Trump did not intend on attacking the Chinese and it is my directed responsibility to convey presidential orders and intent," Milley told the Senate Armed Services Committee.
Trump, who has said Milley should be fired if the acounts were true, issued a statement after the hearing ridiculing the Army general.
"No wonder the Afghanistan withdrawal was such a disaster. 'General' Milley spent all of his time talking to these Fake Book writers," Trump said.
Senator Angus King, an independent committee member who caucuses with Democrats, praised Milley. "I think he was rendering the country a significant service," King told reporters on a conference call after the hearing.
The committee's Democratic chairman, Senator Jack Reed, also told reporters that de-escalating international tensions was part of Milley's job.
'HE'S CRAZY'
Milley acknowledged that he also spoke on Jan. 8 with U.S. House of Representatives Speaker Nancy Pelosi, who, according to the Washington Post, had asked the general what safeguards were in place to prevent an "unstable president" from launching a nuclear strike.
"He's crazy. You know he's crazy," Pelosi told Milley, the newspaper reported, citing a transcript of the call.
Milley, in his remarks to Congress, said Pelosi had asked him on Jan. 8 about whether Trump's actions might lead to an accidental nuclear missile launch.
He responded by assuring her of safeguards and added: "I am not qualified to determine the mental health of the President of the United States."
Milley told the Armed Services Committee: "At no time was I attempting to change or influence the process, usurp authority, or insert myself into the chain of command."
President Joe Biden has supported Milley throughout the controversy surrounding the calls, saying he had "great confidence" in him.
But it is not the first time the top U.S. military officer has been caught in the spotlight. Last year, Milley caused an uproar after accompanying Trump toward a church for a photo opportunity just after authorities cracked down on civil rights protesters.
He later said he regretted it, saying the incident created a perception of the military involved in domestic politics.
In one exchange on Tuesday, Milley acknowledged also speaking with two other sets of book authors. Republican Senator Marsha Blackburn lashed out at him.
"In order to get your name in a book... all you have managed to do is to politicize the U.S. military, to downgrade our reputation with our allies," Blackburn said.
(This story has not been edited by NDTV staff and is auto-generated from a syndicated feed.)
 
 
source <a href="https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/us-top-general-general-mark-milley-defends-calls-to-china-over-trump-mental-state-2557300">https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/us-top-general-general-mark-milley-defends-calls-to-china-over-trump-mental-state-2557300</a>

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Republicans called for US General Mark Milley's resignation during the hearing. Washington: U.S. General Mark Milley, chairman of t...

Nine Days After Eruption, Volcano Lava Reaches Sea In Spain

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Spain Volcano Eruption: Residents of several areas of Tazacorte were told to stay at home.
</div>
Madrid:
Lava from an erupting volcano in the Canary Islands has reached the ocean, volcanologists said, raising fear of toxic gases being released as the lava hits the sea water.
The regional government of the Spanish archipelago had already declared an exclusion zone of two nautical miles around where the lava was expected to enter the Atlantic and asked nearby residents to stay at home.
"The lava flow has reached the sea at Playa Nueva," the Canary Islands Volcanic Institute (Involcan) said on Twitter Tuesday night.
La Cumbre Vieja volcano, which straddles a southern ridge in La Palma, an island with 85,000 inhabitants, erupted on September 19, spewing out rivers of lava that have slowly crept towards the sea.
Residents of several areas of Tazacorte, a village near the coast, were told Monday to stay at home to avoid harm from the release of toxic gases that can take place due to a reaction between molten lava and water.
On Tuesday afternoon, the slow-moving lava flow, which has varied in speed over the past few days, even halting at one point, was still around 800 metres (half a mile) from the coast, making it impossible to predict when it would reach the ocean.
Residents were warned to stay home due to "the possibility that there will be a small shock when the magma enters the sea water, and that this small shock causes vapours which can be toxic," stressed Miguel Angel Morcuende, technical director of the Canary Islands Volcanic Emergency Plan (Pevolca).
Experts say the entry of lava into the seawater will send clouds of toxic gas into the air, causing explosions and a fragmentation of the molten rock like gunshots.
"Inhalation or contact with acid gases and liquids can irritate the skin, eyes and respiratory tract, and may cause breathing difficulties, especially in people with pre-existing respiratory diseases," Involcan warned.
A state of natural disaster has been declared on the island, where the molten rock has so far scorched its way across more than 258 hectares (640 acres) of land and destroyed 589 properties -- not all of them homes, according to the European Union's Copernicus Earth Observation Programme.
The government earlier Tuesday released 10.5 million euros ($12.3 million) in aid for victims of the eruption, in particular to buy housing for those whose homes were engulfed in lava.
The eruption has forced the evacuation of more than 6,000 people from their homes but has not killed or injured anyone so far.
The island of La Palma lives mainly from the cultivation of bananas and tourism.
(This story has not been edited by NDTV staff and is auto-generated from a syndicated feed.)
 
 
source <a href="https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/canaries-volcano-nine-days-after-eruption-volcano-lava-reaches-sea-in-spain-2557293">https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/canaries-volcano-nine-days-after-eruption-volcano-lava-reaches-sea-in-spain-2557293</a>

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Spain Volcano Eruption: Residents of several areas of Tazacorte were told to stay at home. Madrid: Lava from an erupting volcano in the...

Side Effects After Covid Booster Dose "Mild", Similar To 2nd Shot: Study

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Coronavirus Vaccine: Side effects after third Covid vaccine dose are mild, study said.
</div>
Washington:
Most side effects after a third dose of a Covid vaccine are mild or moderate, and occur at about as often as after shot two, a US study showed Tuesday in a finding that was expected but nonetheless reassuring.
The report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) came from more than 22,000 people who signed up to a vaccine safety smartphone app and who received a booster shot between August 12 and September 19.
During this time, third doses were authorized for people who are immunocompromised, but not the wider population.
"The frequency and type of side effects were similar to those seen after the second vaccine doses, and were mostly mild or moderate and short lived," CDC director Rochelle Walensky said at a press briefing.
Frequently reported side effects included injection site pain (71 percent of study participants), fatigue (56 percent), and headache (43 percent).
Some 28 percent reported being unable to perform normal daily activities, usually the next day.
Medical care was sought by around two percent of participants, and 0.1 percent, that is 13 people, were hospitalized.
A subset of almost 21,700 who received the same mRNA vaccine (Moderna or Pfizer) for all three of their doses was further analyzed.
Among those who received Moderna, localized reactions -- such as arm pain -- were reported to be slightly more common after the third dose compared to the second.
Systemic reactions -- meaning those that occurred outside the injection site -- were slightly less frequent after the third dose compared to the second.
The same pattern occurred for Pfizer, and in both cases, the first shots resulted in significantly less frequent side effects, especially systemic, compared to shots two and three.
Last week, US health agencies expanded authorization of Pfizer booster doses to those aged over 65, those 18-64 with an underlying medical condition such as diabetes or obesity, and those who are especially exposed to the virus because of their work or where they live.
The CDC cautioned that there were certain limitations to its report.
These include the fact that signing up to the smartphone app called "v-safe" was voluntary and the participants skewed more heavily white than the national population.
During the study period, some non-immune compromised may have also received a booster outside of recommendations because they were worried about waning immunity, and so the findings can't reliably be linked to immune compromised people only.
(This story has not been edited by NDTV staff and is auto-generated from a syndicated feed.)
 
 
source <a href="https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/coronavirus-vaccine-booster-shot-side-effects-after-covid-booster-dose-mild-similar-to-2nd-shot-study-2557282">https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/coronavirus-vaccine-booster-shot-side-effects-after-covid-booster-dose-mild-similar-to-2nd-shot-study-2557282</a>

news world Side Effects After Covid Booster Dose "Mild", Similar To 2nd Shot: Study

Coronavirus Vaccine: Side effects after third Covid vaccine dose are mild, study said. Washington: Most side effects after a third dose...

Joe Biden Cancels Chicago Trip With Agenda Under Threat, Debt Crisis Looming

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"He will now remain at the White House tomorrow," an administration official said in a statement. (File)
</div>
Washington:
President Joe Biden postponed a Wednesday trip to Chicago to stay in Washington and fight for his domestic agenda, which hangs from a thread in Congress, the White House said.
Biden had been meant to address his Covid-19 vaccination policy in the Midwestern city, but his two signature legislative policies -- a $1.2 trillion infrastructure bill and an even bigger social spending package -- risk failing in the divided legislature.
"He will now remain at the White House tomorrow to continue working on advancing these two pieces of legislation to create jobs," an administration official said late Tuesday.
Lawmakers were also scrambling to break a deadlock over the prospect of a first-ever US debt default that would plunge the economy into a downwards spiral, alarming investors as the cliff edge draws closer.
The government is likely to run out of cash on October 18, Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen warned, unless Congress raises the federal borrowing cap.
After that date, Treasury's funds "would be depleted quickly" and "it is uncertain whether we could continue to meet all the nation's commitments after that date," she said in a letter to congressional leaders.
The impasse fueled a selloff on Wall Street, with the benchmark Dow Jones Industrial Average closing 1.6 percent lower after Yellen warned of dire consequences including debt default if lawmakers fail to act quickly.
But Republicans say they won't help raise or suspend the debt limit, despite having pressed for it under Donald Trump, because they want no part in Democrats' spending plans, including a historically large $3.5 trillion package of social reforms.
Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer, whose Democrats occupy half the 100 seats in the upper chamber, attempted to raise the borrowing cap until December 2022 without any Republican votes.
He asked for the unanimous consent of the Senate to bypass the usual 60-vote threshold required for most bills to be debated and instead move straight to a vote.
- 'Partisan socialism' -
"Republicans said they want to get it done with only Democratic votes. Democrats are ready to do it and let's have that vote today," Schumer said.
But Senate Republican leader Mitch McConnell refused, insisting there was "no chance the Republican conference will go out of our way to help Democrats conserve their time and energy so they can resume ramming through partisan socialism as fast as possible."
The cap was reinstated on August 1 with the country's debt at $28.4 trillion.
McConnell has repeatedly argued that the political burden of raising or suspending it again should fall to Democrats because they control the House, Senate and White House.
But Yellen told the Senate Banking Committee the debt limit increase was a "shared responsibility" that both parties should support.
Without an increase, the government would be unable to pay salaries of public workers or service the nation's debt while confidence in the dollar as a reserve currency would be undermined, she said.
With no sign of a way out of the impasse, the debt crisis may now be kicked into next week, with lawmakers facing a more immediate deadline on funding the government past Thursday, when the fiscal year ends.
Failure would shut down the government, which typically leads to hundreds of thousands of workers being sent home as public services are closed.
- 'Serious harm' -
The House has passed a "continuing resolution" to keep the lights on until December 3. But the Senate shot down the plan on Monday, with Republicans objecting to a debt ceiling hike that was included in the wording.
Raising the debt limit does not increase spending, but simply allows Treasury to finance projects already approved by Congress, including trillions of dollars in aid rolled out during the pandemic.
In her latest letter to lawmakers, Yellen said prompt approval is critical since "waiting until the last minute can cause serious harm to business and consumer confidence, raise borrowing costs for taxpayers and negatively impact the credit rating of the United States for years to come."
Raising the debt ceiling has been a contentious issue in Congress for the past several years, and a 2011 standoff caused S&P Global Ratings to downgrade US sovereign debt from its coveted AAA rating.
(Except for the headline, this story has not been edited by NDTV staff and is published from a syndicated feed.)
 
 
source <a href="https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/joe-biden-trying-to-save-domestic-agenda-postpones-chicago-trip-white-house-2557263">https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/joe-biden-trying-to-save-domestic-agenda-postpones-chicago-trip-white-house-2557263</a>

news world Joe Biden Cancels Chicago Trip With Agenda Under Threat, Debt Crisis Looming

"He will now remain at the White House tomorrow," an administration official said in a statement. (File) Washington: Presiden...

US Has Reached Out To China About Cutting Oil Imports From Iran: Report

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<div class="ins_instory_dv_cont"><img alt="US Has Reached Out To China About Cutting Oil Imports From Iran: Report" src="https://c.ndtvimg.com/2021-08/m196ech8_us-china-flags_625x300_28_August_21.jpg" title="US Has Reached Out To China About Cutting Oil Imports From Iran: Report" /></div>
The US State Department did not immediately respond. (File)
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Washington:
The United States has reached out to China diplomatically about reducing its purchases of Iranian crude oil, U.S. and European officials said on Tuesday, as Washington seeks to persuade Tehran to resume talks about reviving the 2015 nuclear deal.
Purchases of Iranian oil by Chinese companies are believed to have helped keep Iran's economy afloat despite U.S. sanctions that are designed to choke off such sales to put pressure on Iran to curb its nuclear program.
"We are aware of the purchases that Chinese companies are making of Iranian oil," said a senior U.S. official who spoke on condition of anonymity because of the sensitivity of the matter.
"We have used our sanctions authorities to respond to Iranian sanctions evasion, including those doing business with China, and will continue to do so if necessary," he added.
"However, we have been approaching this diplomatically with the Chinese as part of our dialogue on Iran policy and think that, in general, this is a more effective path forward to address our concerns," the official said.
Separately, a European official said this was one of the issues raised by U.S. Deputy Secretary of State Wendy Sherman when she visited China in late July.
The European official, who also spoke on condition of anonymity because of the sensitivity of the nuclear diplomacy, said China has been protecting Iran and suggested one of the main issues for the West is how much oil China is buying from Iran.
The U.S. State Department did not immediately respond to a request for comment on the statements by the U.S. and European officials.
Commodity analytics firm Kpler estimates that year-to-date Chinese oil imports from Iran have averaged 553,000 barrels per day through August.
Indirect U.S.-Iranian talks about reviving the 2015 deal that began in April adjourned in June two days after hardliner Ebrahim Raisi was elected president of Iran, replacing Hassan Rouhani whose administration had negotiated the agreement.
Under the deal, Iran agreed to place limits on its uranium enrichment program, which is one possible pathway to develop the fissile material for a nuclear weapon, in exchange for the easing of U.S., U.N. and European Union economic sanctions. Iran has denied seeking a nuclear bomb.
In 2018, then-U.S. President Donald Trump abandoned the agreement and reimposed harsh economic sanctions that have crippled Iran's economy, though Tehran has continued to make illicit oil sales to customers, including Chinese companies.
After waiting for about a year, Iran responded to Trump's abrogation of the deal by starting to carry out some of the nuclear activities that it had agreed to curb under the pact, formally called the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA).
Trump's successor President Joe Biden has said he was putting "diplomacy first" with Iran but if negotiations fail he would be prepared to turn to other unspecified options.
A French presidency official told reporters on Tuesday that Iran must return to the Vienna talks on the United States and Iran resuming compliance with the deal in order to avoid a diplomatic escalation that could jeopardize the negotiations.
"We need, in this phase, to stay in close contact and closely united with all of the members of the JCPOA, including the Russians and the Chinese," the French official said.
"In particular, we expect the Chinese to express themselves and act in a more determined way. We need to exert pressure, which is indispensable, on Iran," the French official added.
Iran's foreign minister said as recently as Friday that it will return to talks on resuming compliance with the nuclear deal "very soon," but he gave no specific date.
It is unclear how receptive China may be to any U.S. diplomatic overture on Iran.
U.S.-Sino relations have sunk to their worst state in decades this year, with scant progress on issues ranging from human rights to transparency over the origins of COVID-19.
In a Sept. 24 briefing, a Chinese foreign ministry spokesperson put the onus on the United States rather than on Iran.
"As the one that started the new round of tensions in the Iranian nuclear situation, the US should redress its wrong policy of maximum pressure on Iran, lift all illegal sanctions on Iran and measures of long-arm jurisdiction on third parties, and work to resume negotiations and achieve outcomes at an early date," the spokesperson said according to a ministry transcript.
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The US State Department did not immediately respond. (File) Washington: The United States has reached out to China diplomatically about...