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EXCLUSIVE – Covid-19 deaths are 58 times higher than this time last year and 78% of those dying had the Covid-19 vaccine according to Public Health da...

<p><strong>Deaths associated with Covid-19 across the UK are significantly higher than this time last year despite 89% of adults allegedly being vaccinated against the disease, and despite the fact summer is supposed to help to keep the alleged virus at bay due to seasonality.</strong></p>
<p>The mainstream media, Public Health sources, and the government are doing their best to convince you that it is the unvaccinated who make up the majority of those deaths. But to do this they are including deaths from the height of the second wave of Covid-19 back in January when barely anybody has been vaccinated.</p>
<p>A <span><a href="https://theexpose.uk/2021/09/09/fact-check-boris-bbc-sky-news-lie-about-unvaccinated-death-rate/">recent article by the BBC</a></span> claimed the following –</p>
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<p>Whereas the <span><a href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1014926/Technical_Briefing_22_21_09_02.pdf">actual data available from Public Health England</a></span> shows that 70% of Covid-19 deaths since February 2021 up to the 29th August 2021 were among the vaccinated population.</p>
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<p>Then we have the latest data from Scotland, in which another attempt has been made to hide the fact the majority of Covid-19 deaths are occurring among the fully vaccinated population.</p>
<p>Official data shows that between the 5th August 2020 and the 2nd September 2020 just 3 Covid-19 deaths were recorded in the whole of Scotland. But fast forward to the present day and official data shows 179 deaths were recorded across Scotland between the 5th August 2021 and the 2nd September 2021.</p>
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<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img alt="" class="wp-image-17068" data-attachment-id="17068" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-caption="" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="image-126" data-large-file="https://i1.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/image-126.png?fit=639%2C369&ssl=1" data-medium-file="https://i1.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/image-126.png?fit=300%2C173&ssl=1" data-orig-file="https://i1.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/image-126.png?fit=676%2C390&ssl=1" data-orig-size="676,390" data-permalink="https://theexpose.uk/2021/09/15/exclusive-covid-19-deaths-are-58-times-higher-than-this-time-last-year-and-78-of-those-dying-had-the-covid-19-vaccine-according-to-public-health-data/image-126-7/" data-recalc-dims="1" height="369" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 639px) 100vw, 639px" src="https://i1.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/image-126.png?resize=639%2C369&ssl=1" srcset="https://i1.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/image-126.png?w=676&ssl=1 676w, https://i1.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/image-126.png?resize=300%2C173&ssl=1 300w" width="639" /></figure>
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<p>This means Covid-19 deaths across Scotland are currently 5,866.66% / 58.6 times higher than they were this time last year, despite the majority of the population of being vaccinated and summer being on their side.</p>
<p>You would of course expect the majority of cases to be among the unvaccinated population, but this just isn’t the case. The <span><a href="https://publichealthscotland.scot/media/9199/21-09-15-covid19-publication_report.pdf">latest Covid-19 statistical report</a></span> released by Public Health Scotland on the 15th September reveals that from August 14th through to September 10th 2021 63,437 positive cases were recorded among the unvaccinated population, whilst 78,136 were recorded among the vaccinated population; 55,696 of which were among the fully vaccinated.</p>
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<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img alt="" class="wp-image-17071" data-attachment-id="17071" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-caption="" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="image-128" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/image-128.png?fit=639%2C224&ssl=1" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/image-128.png?fit=300%2C105&ssl=1" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/image-128.png?fit=962%2C337&ssl=1" data-orig-size="962,337" data-permalink="https://theexpose.uk/2021/09/15/exclusive-covid-19-deaths-are-58-times-higher-than-this-time-last-year-and-78-of-those-dying-had-the-covid-19-vaccine-according-to-public-health-data/image-128-7/" data-recalc-dims="1" height="224" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 639px) 100vw, 639px" src="https://i0.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/image-128.png?resize=639%2C224&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/image-128.png?w=962&ssl=1 962w, https://i0.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/image-128.png?resize=300%2C105&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/image-128.png?resize=768%2C269&ssl=1 768w" width="639" /></figure>
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<p>As you can see the number of cases is very similar between the unvaccinated population and fully vaccination population so you would expect to see a similar number of deaths among the unvaccinated and fully vaccinated population. Except, we’re not.</p>
<p>This is where Public Health Scotland are trying to hide the fact the majority of deaths are among the vaccinated due to the date parameters they have used to publish deaths by vaccination status. The deaths stretch back as far as the 29th December.</p>
<p>This means they are including deaths from the <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=covid-19+deaths+scotland&rlz=1C1CHBF_en-GBGB812GB812&oq=covid-19+deaths+scotland">height of the alleged second wave of Covid-19 </a>where <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/covid-vaccinations?country=GBR">just 9% of the population had received a single dose, and just 0.1% of the entire population were fully vaccinate</a>d. </p>
<p>Table 17 of the <span><a href="https://publichealthscotland.scot/media/8760/21-08-18-covid19-publication_report.pdf">report published by Public Health Scotland on the 16th August 2021</a></span> shows that between December 29th 2020 and August 5th 2021 3,077 Covid-19 death were recorded among the unvaccinated, whilst 273 deaths were recorded among the partly vaccinated and 206 deaths were recorded among the fully vaccinated.</p>
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<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img alt="" class="wp-image-17078" data-attachment-id="17078" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-caption="" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="image-131" data-large-file="https://i2.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/image-131.png?fit=639%2C302&ssl=1" data-medium-file="https://i2.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/image-131.png?fit=300%2C142&ssl=1" data-orig-file="https://i2.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/image-131.png?fit=671%2C317&ssl=1" data-orig-size="671,317" data-permalink="https://theexpose.uk/2021/09/15/exclusive-covid-19-deaths-are-58-times-higher-than-this-time-last-year-and-78-of-those-dying-had-the-covid-19-vaccine-according-to-public-health-data/image-131-7/" data-recalc-dims="1" height="302" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 639px) 100vw, 639px" src="https://i2.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/image-131.png?resize=639%2C302&ssl=1" srcset="https://i2.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/image-131.png?w=671&ssl=1 671w, https://i2.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/image-131.png?resize=300%2C142&ssl=1 300w" width="639" /></figure>
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<p>As you can see from the above table PHS have made it seem like the Covid-19 vaccines are working and the majority of people dying are the unvaccinated. But fast forward to the most recent report published September 15th and we can see the true numbers of people who are dying by their vaccination status.</p>
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<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img alt="" class="wp-image-17069" data-attachment-id="17069" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-caption="" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="image-127" data-large-file="https://i1.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/image-127.png?fit=639%2C296&ssl=1" data-medium-file="https://i1.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/image-127.png?fit=300%2C139&ssl=1" data-orig-file="https://i1.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/image-127.png?fit=663%2C307&ssl=1" data-orig-size="663,307" data-permalink="https://theexpose.uk/2021/09/15/exclusive-covid-19-deaths-are-58-times-higher-than-this-time-last-year-and-78-of-those-dying-had-the-covid-19-vaccine-according-to-public-health-data/image-127-7/" data-recalc-dims="1" height="296" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 639px) 100vw, 639px" src="https://i1.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/image-127.png?resize=639%2C296&ssl=1" srcset="https://i1.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/image-127.png?w=663&ssl=1 663w, https://i1.wp.com/theexpose.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/image-127.png?resize=300%2C139&ssl=1 300w" width="639" /></figure>
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<p>Table 17 of the <span><a href="https://publichealthscotland.scot/media/9199/21-09-15-covid19-publication_report.pdf">latest report</a></span> shows that between December 29th 2020 and September 2nd 2021 3,116 deaths were recorded among the unvaccinated population – an increase of 39 deaths over 4 weeks. Whilst 281 deaths were recorded among the partly vaccinated population – an increase of 8 deaths over 4 weeks. But 338 deaths were recorded among the fully vaccinated population – an increase of 132 over 4 weeks.</p>
<p>This means that the unvaccinated account for just 21.7% of all Covid-19 deaths since August 5th 2021, whilst the vaccinated population account for 78.3% of all deaths since the same date, with the fully vaccinated accounting for 74% of the deaths.</p>
<p>If we’re seeing this number of deaths in summer and when the majority of the population has had a vaccine that allegedly reduces their risk of death by 95% then we dread to think what we’re going to see when winter arrives.</p>
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<p>Unaware that he was on a hot mic and being broadcast live …</p>
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<p>The 25-year-old daughter of the late Lord Young of Darlington reportedly died …</p>
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<p>More evidence the Covid-19 injections are killing children has emerged in the …</p>
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<h3 class="jp-relatedposts-headline"><em>Related</em></h3>
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source <a href="https://theexpose.uk/2021/09/15/exclusive-covid-19-deaths-are-58-times-higher-than-this-time-last-year-and-78-of-those-dying-had-the-covid-19-vaccine-according-to-public-health-data/">https://theexpose.uk/2021/09/15/exclusive-covid-19-deaths-are-58-times-higher-than-this-time-last-year-and-78-of-those-dying-had-the-covid-19-vaccine-according-to-public-health-data/</a>

revolution EXCLUSIVE – Covid-19 deaths are 58 times higher than this time last year and 78% of those dying had the Covid-19 vaccine according to Public Health da...

Deaths associated with Covid-19 across the UK are significantly higher than this time last year despite 89% of adults allegedly being vaccin...

Catholic School Students Sue Their University For Refusing to Grant Religious Exemptions to Covid-19 Vaccine Mandate

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<p><strong>A group of students is suing their Catholic University for refusing to grant religious exemptions to the school’s Covid-19 vaccine mandate.</strong></p>
<p>On September 8th, four students filed a <a href="https://www.scribd.com/document/524434095/Law-Offices-of-Robert-Sullivan-Amended-Petition-for-Injunction-Ramaekers-et-al-v-Creighton-University" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">lawsuit</a> against Creighton University claiming that the school violates student’s religious freedoms by refusing to provide a religious exemption to the Covid-19 vaccine. The lawsuit charges Creighton with “arbitrary and disparate treatment of students and violates religious freedoms.”</p>
<p>A press release from the student’s legal representation stated that the school set a deadline of September 7th for students to submit proof of vaccination to the school. This mandate applies to all Creighton students, including those who exclusively attend online classes. According to the school, those who refused to present proof of vaccination by the September 7th deadline would be “administratively withdrawn from the school.”</p>
<p>Initially, the school issued religious exemptions to students when the vaccines were under Emergency Use Authorisation (EUA), however, the religious exemption was removed once the Pfizer vaccine was <a href="https://theexpose.uk/2021/08/23/fda-grants-full-approval-to-the-pfizer-biontech-covid-19-vaccine/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">granted full FDA approval on August 23rd</a>. Once the approval was in place, the school informed students that they must get the jab or withdraw from the university.</p>
<p>After the September 8th deadline came around, students who failed to submit proof of vaccination began receiving notifications that their school account had been placed on hold. Some students were informed that they would not be able to attend classes until they filed their vaccination records.</p>
<p>The lawsuit states that the students “feel that they are being pressured and coerced to a receive a vaccination that they do not want” through the university’s policies. Currently, Creighton is the only university in the Big East Conference that does not permit religious exemptions, except for the University of Connecticut, which dubs religious exemptions as “personal exemptions.”</p>
<p>Attorney Robert Sullivan, who is representing the students, said in a statement: “A Catholic university should never be placing its students in such a position where they may be required to violate the teachings of the Church.”</p>
<p>Lauren Ramaekers, one of the students suing the university, who is the president of the Students for Life club at Creighton, said that she cannot in good conscience take the vaccine “because of the use of abortion-derived fetal cells in the research and development of the vaccines.”</p>
<p>“…the use of fetal tissue, fetal cells, or any ‘product’ of abortion in the development and/or testing of a vaccine or any other medical treatment, is abhorrent to me.</p>
<p>“This is a sincerely held religious belief, which impacts my moral and ethical views of the world.”</p>
<p>According to <a href="https://www.nebraskamed.com/COVID/you-asked-we-answered-do-the-covid-19-vaccines-contain-aborted-fetal-cells" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Nebraska Medicine</a>, the Covid-19 vaccines do not “contain any aborted fetal cells,” though fetal cell lines were “used in testing during research and development of the mRNA vaccines and during [the] production of the Johnson & Johnson vaccine.”</p>
<p>Catholics have been divided over the issue of receiving the Covid-19 vaccine, though there is no dispute that abortion is “immoral and contrary” to Catholic doctrine. The Vatican recently issued a statement declaring that it is morally <a data-id="https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2020-12/vatican-cdf-note-covid-vaccine-morality-abortion.html" data-type="URL" href="https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2020-12/vatican-cdf-note-covid-vaccine-morality-abortion.html" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">acceptable for Catholics to take vaccines</a> even if they use cell lines created from aborted babies because of the vaccines’ life-saving impact. However, others argue that any link to vaccines and abortions cannot be justified in any way.</p>
<p>The university’s <a data-id="https://studentlife.creighton.edu/wellness/health-and-counseling/student-health-education-and-compliance/immunization-requirements" data-type="URL" href="https://studentlife.creighton.edu/wellness/health-and-counseling/student-health-education-and-compliance/immunization-requirements" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">website</a> states that vaccinations are not mandated for faculty and staff, instead they are “strongly encouraged to be vaccinated.” It seems there is one rule for the students and another for staff.</p>
<p>Creighton has issued a warning stating: “Students participating in an on-campus program without verified Covid-19 vaccination documentation (or an approved exemption) may be subject to unenrollment.”</p>
<p><strong>It’s disturbing to see universities in the US introducing vaccination mandates such as these, without providing students with any opportunity for religious or personal exemptions. After all, it seems you can no longer have access to education without submitting to the jab…</strong></p>
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<h3 class="jp-relatedposts-headline"><em>Related</em></h3>
<br />
<br />
source <a href="https://theexpose.uk/2021/09/15/catholic-school-students-sue-their-university-for-refusing-to-grant-religious-exemptions-to-covid-19-vaccine-mandate/">https://theexpose.uk/2021/09/15/catholic-school-students-sue-their-university-for-refusing-to-grant-religious-exemptions-to-covid-19-vaccine-mandate/</a>

revolution Catholic School Students Sue Their University For Refusing to Grant Religious Exemptions to Covid-19 Vaccine Mandate

A group of students is suing their Catholic University for refusing to grant religious exemptions to the school’s Covid-19 vaccine mandat...

Chris Whitty is the one who should be ashamed; he will have blood on his hands once they start to vaccinate children

<p><strong>Professor Chris Whitty has said those spreading what are myths in his opinion about Covid-19 vaccines “should be ashamed”, in a press conference in which he looked visibly distressed that anybody would dare to criticise the experimental Covid-19 injections. But the Chief Medical Officer for England needs to take a good long hard look in the mirror, for it is he who should be ashamed.</strong></p>
<p>When asked about a statement made by the US rapper Nicky Minaj to her vast online following, England’s Chief Medical Officer flipped his lid.</p>
<p>“There are a number of myths that fly around … some of which are <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2021/sep/14/why-is-nicki-minaj-tweeting-about-vaccines-and-some-guys-swollen-testicles">just clearly ridiculous</a> and some of which are clearly designed just to scare. That happens to be one of them. That is untrue,” Whitty said during Tuesday’s Downing Street press conference.</p>
<p>Minaj, who has more than 22 million followers on Twitter, posted that a cousin had been told by a friend about unwanted side-effects of the vaccine. Impotence is not listed as a potential side-effect on the NHS website. Minaj also later said she suspects that she will eventually receive a jab.</p>
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<p lang="en" dir="ltr" xml:lang="en">My cousin in Trinidad won’t get the vaccine cuz his friend got it & became impotent. His testicles became swollen. His friend was weeks away from getting married, now the girl called off the wedding. So just pray on it & make sure you’re comfortable with ur decision, not bullied</p>
— Nicki Minaj (@NICKIMINAJ) <a href="https://twitter.com/NICKIMINAJ/status/1437532566945341441?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">September 13, 2021</a></blockquote>
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<p>Whitty added: “If you think about where we are overall … the great majority of people are getting vaccinated. So the great majority of people are ignoring these myths. And, if you talk about people in their 50s and 60s and 70s, we’re talking about over 90% of people getting vaccinated. And very few people actually are actively, in a sense, in the anti-vax group.</p>
<p>“There are a group of people who’ve got strange beliefs and … fine. And they make their own choices and, in a sense, also fine. People are adults who are allowed to make their own choices; however strange. That is a basic principle of medical ethics, actually.</p>
<p>“But there are also people who go around trying to discourage other people from taking a vaccine, which could be life-saving or preventing them from having life-changing injuries. And many of those people, I regret to say, I think know that they are peddling untruths. But they still do it. In my view, they should be ashamed.”</p>
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<p>People speaking of their own personal experiences with the Covid-19 vaccine should not be ashamed in the slightest to speak out about it. The only person that should be ashamed is Chris Whitty himself following his decision to advise the UK Government that all children over the age of 12 should be offered the Pfizer Covid-19 vaccine.</p>
<p>Chris Whitty should be ashamed because –</p>
<p>All of the above are not opinions or hearsay, they are all facts and all sourced from the authorities own data and documents, and from official scientific studies. We expand on each point in our article ‘<span><a href="https://theexpose.uk/2021/09/14/13-reasons-why-you-should-not-allow-your-child-to-get-the-covid-19-vaccine/">13 reasons why you should not allow your child to get the Covid-19 Vaccine</a></span>‘; which you can read <a href="https://theexpose.uk/2021/09/14/13-reasons-why-you-should-not-allow-your-child-to-get-the-covid-19-vaccine/">here</a>.</p>
<p>In their letter to the Government (<em>found <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/universal-vaccination-of-children-and-young-people-aged-12-to-15-years-against-covid-19/universal-vaccination-of-children-and-young-people-aged-12-to-15-years-against-covid-19">here</a></em>), the four Chief Medical Officer’s of the UK; which includes Chris Whitty, stated they had looked at wider public health benefits and risks of universal vaccination in children to determine if this shifts the risk-benefit either way. They claim in their letter that “the most important in this age group was impact on education”.</p>
<p>This raises some serious questions –</p>
<ol>
<li>Did Covid-19 close the schools? <em>The answer is of course no. Schools were closed because of Government policy.</em></li>
<li>Should a person take a medical treatment so that they are able to partake in society or education? <em>The answer is course no. A person should only ever take a medical treatment for a medical reason, in the case of the Covid-19 vaccine that reason should be to prevent infection; which it does not do, or prevent illness; which it will not do as children are at such low risk of suffering serious illness due to Covid-19.</em></li>
</ol>
<p>The decision by Chris Whitty and his fellow Chief Medical Officers to advise the Government that the Covid-19 vaccines should be offered to children is not a decision based on science, it is instead a decision based on politics. Therefore it is Chris Whitty who should hang his head and shame and resign with immediate effect, because his decision means he is going to have blood on his hands.</p>
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source <a href="https://theexpose.uk/2021/09/15/chris-whitty-is-the-one-who-should-be-ashamed-he-will-have-blood-on-his-hands-once-they-start-to-vaccinate-children/">https://theexpose.uk/2021/09/15/chris-whitty-is-the-one-who-should-be-ashamed-he-will-have-blood-on-his-hands-once-they-start-to-vaccinate-children/</a>

revolution Chris Whitty is the one who should be ashamed; he will have blood on his hands once they start to vaccinate children

Professor Chris Whitty has said those spreading what are myths in his opinion about Covid-19 vaccines “should be ashamed”, in a press confer...

Wildfires in Australia caused an explosion of sea life thousands of miles away

<p>Two years ago, in the southern Pacific Ocean, an explosion of algae grew to more than 2,000 miles wide — about the width of Australia.</p>
<p>Giant <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/8/4/22606025/florida-red-tide-dead-fish-beach-algae-bloom">algal blooms</a> are often tied to land pollution such as runoff from farmland, which is full of nutrients like nitrogen that these plant-like organisms need to thrive. But there were no nearby farms or factories here in the middle of the ocean.</p>
<p>The sprawling bloom was fueled instead by something faraway and unexpected: wildfires thousands of miles to the west.</p>
<p>In a <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03805-8">landmark new study</a> published in the journal <em>Nature</em>, researchers conclude that smoke rising from Australia’s <a href="https://www.vox.com/2019/12/30/21039298/40-celsius-australia-fires-2019-heatwave-climate-change">historic 2019 wildfires</a> drifted out to sea and fertilized vast communities of algae. The smoke, which contained the nutrient iron, gave rise to algal blooms that were together larger than Australia, the authors write.</p>
<p>“We know that these fires have catastrophic impacts on local ecosystems,” said Nicolas Cassar, a study co-author and professor of biogeochemistry at Duke University. But by spreading nutrients, he said, “they also impact ecosystems that are thousands of kilometers away.”</p>
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<figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">A satellite captured this image showing a red-colored plume of smoke and ash over the ocean emanating from Australia’s wildfires in early 2020.</span></figcaption>
<span class="e-image__meta"><cite>Courtesy of Japan’s National Institute of Information and Communication Technology</cite></span></figure>
<p>As regions from the <a href="https://www.vox.com/22652678/dixie-caldor-wildfire-california-sierra-nevada-drought-climate">American West</a> to the <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/aug/13/summer-of-fire-blazes-mediterranean-more-extreme-weather-forecast">Mediterranean</a> grapple with another devastating wildfire season, the study adds a new dimension to our understanding of how climate-fueled disasters are transforming the planet. We’re learning that the impacts of fires go well beyond the human death toll, the leveled homes, and the charred forests. Extreme wildfires are also altering underwater ecosystems far from the flames.</p>
<p>As anyone living in the US West knows, wildfire smoke is full of all kinds of stuff that’s <a href="https://www.vox.com/21451219/wildfire-2020-california-oregon-washington-health-air-quality">toxic to inhale</a>, including carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides. Dirty air is one of the most serious public health threats and is known to <a href="https://www.axios.com/air-pollution-global-life-expectancy-report-fb6a821c-95aa-4671-8005-caac8be0e69b.html">shave years off of life expectancy</a>.</p>
<p>But while harmful to humans, wildfire smoke — which typically contains nutrients like iron and phosphorus — can help algae and plants grow, just as fertilizer might help rescue a wilted house plant. Some of those nutrients come directly from burning forests or grasslands, while others are in dust that fires suck up and loft into the air, said Douglas Hamilton, a researcher at Cornell University who led a <a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-marine-031921-013612&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1631639155271000&usg=AOvVaw0cc4O8C1mwVJk1QiZ8vh7m">recent review</a> on how aerosols affect ocean biogeochemistry.</p>
<figure class="e-image"><span class="e-image__inner"><span class="e-image__image" data-original="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22849693/giphy__2_.gif"><img alt="" class="c-dynamic-image" data-cdata="{"asset_id":22849693,"ratio":"*"}" data-chorus-optimize-field="main_image" data-cid="site/dynamic_size_image-1631735671_7329_18242" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAUEBAAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs" /> <img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22849693/giphy__2_.gif" /></span></span>
<figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">Satellite data shows soot from the 2019 wildfires spreading west from Australia.</span></figcaption>
<span class="e-image__meta"><cite><a class="ql-link" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03805-8" target="_blank">Weiyi Tang et al.</a>/<em>Nature</em></cite></span></figure>
<p>In some cases, smoke settles over the land — as is common in the US, where the wind tends to blow smoke rising from western states toward the East Coast. That’s why <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/20/us/wildfire-smoke-new-york-city.html">the sky above New York was hazy</a> this summer while wildfires were raging in California and Oregon.</p>
<p>In other regions, however, air currents send it out to sea. That’s what happened during Australia’s devastating wildfire season that began in 2019, according to the study. Smoke emanating from the fires — which burned <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/feb/25/unprecedented-globally-more-than-20-of-australias-forests-burnt-in-bushfires">21 percent</a> of the country’s temperate and broadleaf forests — traveled west into the southern Pacific Ocean, where it settled in waters with relatively low iron levels. There, <em>any</em> large source of iron is thought to be “an essential driver of oceanic primary production,” the authors wrote.</p>
<p>As a result, the researchers argue, the smoke spurred enormous algal blooms — concentrated in patches south of Australia and far off the western coast of South America. The blooms, shown in red in the below map, peaked in January 2020 and lasted for about four months, the authors said.</p>
<figure class="e-image"><span class="e-image__inner"><span class="e-image__image" data-original="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22851650/Fig.1d.png"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1631735671_300_18243" data-cdata='{"asset_id":22851650,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/R_6ZW70xKq58OoARVZyOfkI3m6g=/0x0:2465x1028/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2465x1028):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22851650/Fig.1d.png 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/BmFgA5jRd9tDywGy2krYd0A1crc=/0x0:2465x1028/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2465x1028):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22851650/Fig.1d.png 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/tK-ypbyFn3YMBn1my8p2B1pV75w=/0x0:2465x1028/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2465x1028):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22851650/Fig.1d.png 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/-XTna1_-B8cowxsuo1ZHI6zcs2Q=/0x0:2465x1028/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2465x1028):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22851650/Fig.1d.png 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ZwjLXqt2NHKPRTxeSviZTItSgfw=/0x0:2465x1028/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:2465x1028):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22851650/Fig.1d.png 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/gp6-Yw1dIdh1lwMeF66ktnOi1eg=/0x0:2465x1028/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2465x1028):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22851650/Fig.1d.png 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ZJNVRBRTSXDIAFAOuFB2MpeqcGA=/0x0:2465x1028/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2465x1028):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22851650/Fig.1d.png 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/g0Za_HFdb0Y8SFIw4UKoGJKdTxs=/0x0:2465x1028/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2465x1028):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22851650/Fig.1d.png 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/VDun_2oA5vgsxU3dbyPUGV3wIZY=/0x0:2465x1028/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2465x1028):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22851650/Fig.1d.png 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="" data-upload-width="2465" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/QwFgZrB1Iiq-I2ZGz4JeekbBsyE=/0x0:2465x1028/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:2465x1028):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22851650/Fig.1d.png" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/rP6NTHoIbuJ1c-1g8rA8SUEK41Q=/0x0:2465x1028/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2465x1028):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22851650/Fig.1d.png 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/571y-wjWi45w1KNUrkMnzABfKlY=/0x0:2465x1028/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2465x1028):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22851650/Fig.1d.png 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/XPtqf7Sn7sO3lzLX7sOWLqFPpRY=/0x0:2465x1028/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2465x1028):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22851650/Fig.1d.png 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/w8tF2ZofBa7D-aSMqXetPFY4ACQ=/0x0:2465x1028/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2465x1028):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22851650/Fig.1d.png 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Wi-9HlW77-NJqNgk-Vwn26ckkek=/0x0:2465x1028/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:2465x1028):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22851650/Fig.1d.png 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/B18-tg8RLRVchirhRsf1kKQop74=/0x0:2465x1028/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2465x1028):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22851650/Fig.1d.png 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/7PfusGYm70LbTHwRfy3XYYrUTt4=/0x0:2465x1028/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2465x1028):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22851650/Fig.1d.png 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/UUriwHKpt738AP_EhBNYJXVi_Mg=/0x0:2465x1028/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2465x1028):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22851650/Fig.1d.png 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/FbLizal3vEgFppd-NNgURf9HHtg=/0x0:2465x1028/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2465x1028):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22851650/Fig.1d.png 1920w" /></picture></span></span>
<figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">Wildfires in Australia in 2019 fueled large algal blooms, shown in dark red.</span></figcaption>
<span class="e-image__meta"><cite><a class="ql-link" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03805-8" target="_blank">Weiyi Tang et al.</a>/<em>Nature</em></cite></span></figure>
<p>The results are especially surprising considering that in a typical year, the abundance of algae in these regions is actually lower during Australia’s summer (North America’s winter), according to the study.</p>
<p>Scientists have known for years that dust carried by the wind is a source of nutrients for algae, Hamilton said, but they had only an “inkling” that fire played a major role, too. This study is the first to connect large fires to large blooms, they said, which is what makes the work “groundbreaking.”</p>
<p>Massive wildfires have already burned hundreds of thousands of acres in <a href="https://www.vox.com/22652678/dixie-caldor-wildfire-california-sierra-nevada-drought-climate">California</a>, the <a href="https://www.vox.com/down-to-earth/2021/8/27/22639885/amazon-rainforest-fires-climate-change-2021">Brazilian Amazon</a>, and <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/08/11/siberia-fires-russia-climate/">Siberia</a> this year. They’ve destroyed homes, wiped out wildlife, and flooded the air with greenhouse gases. Will they also change the biology of nearby oceans? That depends on several factors, experts say, such as the size of the blaze and the direction of the wind.</p>
<p>On occasion, for example, smoke from western wildfires will travel out over the Pacific Ocean. That’s what happened during the 2017 Thomas Fire in Southern California, then the largest in the state’s history. Smoke wafted over the Santa Barbara Channel, and <a href="https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2020JC016851">research</a> suggests it may have altered the marine ecosystem there. When the authors tested the water during the fire, they found an abnormally high number of certain marine algae called dinoflagellates, said Sasha Kramer, the study’s lead author and a doctoral student at the University of California Santa Barbara. It’s not clear what, exactly, that means for the health of the ecosystem, but different kinds of algae are known to be better or worse at sequestering the carbon they absorb, she said. (The authors didn’t find more algae overall.)</p>
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<figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">A huge cloud of smoke rises from the Thomas Fire, as seen in Ventura, California, in December, 2017.</span></figcaption>
<span class="e-image__meta"><cite>Al Seib/Los Angeles Times via Getty Images</cite></span></figure>
<figure class="e-image"><span class="e-image__inner"><span class="e-image__image" data-original="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22849681/Sasha_forBenji.pptx__1_.png"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1631735671_8775_18245" data-cdata='{"asset_id":22849681,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/P5ZiQWnp5oe-N6ixXgSDkbLDd80=/0x0:1250x565/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1250x565):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22849681/Sasha_forBenji.pptx__1_.png 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/z5aJNflla9s9NEtpph_pqL3BIBs=/0x0:1250x565/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1250x565):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22849681/Sasha_forBenji.pptx__1_.png 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/stYbpqpG8iOboOzvrtMsxzAXUgM=/0x0:1250x565/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1250x565):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22849681/Sasha_forBenji.pptx__1_.png 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/7-PfRrv1EXVVw2VOisInRAfPqNI=/0x0:1250x565/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1250x565):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22849681/Sasha_forBenji.pptx__1_.png 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/CEsZ9M9UHrozGMe1vPHptkR1QsI=/0x0:1250x565/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:1250x565):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22849681/Sasha_forBenji.pptx__1_.png 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/gT2Gi1q-1Xn8YY9lkexrmommDYQ=/0x0:1250x565/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1250x565):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22849681/Sasha_forBenji.pptx__1_.png 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ySHu5QklBod9fJB2TN6QpCgwrmI=/0x0:1250x565/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1250x565):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22849681/Sasha_forBenji.pptx__1_.png 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/TjrBvR45Caeb0c86NXKb80swYDE=/0x0:1250x565/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1250x565):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22849681/Sasha_forBenji.pptx__1_.png 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/WA_TvgvM4jkRkqJg1tQB61NPFVY=/0x0:1250x565/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1250x565):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22849681/Sasha_forBenji.pptx__1_.png 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="" data-upload-width="1250" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Qet8xppzvDcTqqEQGbTdD8AtYqI=/0x0:1250x565/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:1250x565):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22849681/Sasha_forBenji.pptx__1_.png" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/k5YMsoMflSWBS7nBIk0hT4OmAtA=/0x0:1250x565/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1250x565):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22849681/Sasha_forBenji.pptx__1_.png 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/IRrNQzsUNfc8ErbXaH-j7e4ioVk=/0x0:1250x565/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1250x565):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22849681/Sasha_forBenji.pptx__1_.png 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/hs0B1EbbA8ppO_yHWtjxMnxSlCg=/0x0:1250x565/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1250x565):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22849681/Sasha_forBenji.pptx__1_.png 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Vu3jFgTMcRMyicfQ3ZbbUohSDAs=/0x0:1250x565/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1250x565):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22849681/Sasha_forBenji.pptx__1_.png 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ITZabOlK4xNjlaKbJZrFoK0PW64=/0x0:1250x565/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:1250x565):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22849681/Sasha_forBenji.pptx__1_.png 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/xViaJwe0hSjWFcSCk-2LbY9de8g=/0x0:1250x565/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1250x565):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22849681/Sasha_forBenji.pptx__1_.png 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/QZkb0ey0_YBeZM3Pyh485tHpFMo=/0x0:1250x565/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1250x565):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22849681/Sasha_forBenji.pptx__1_.png 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/EXOqkjeBfN5oU5Krg9mRHxbWdT4=/0x0:1250x565/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1250x565):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22849681/Sasha_forBenji.pptx__1_.png 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/IEC3hP0IVC11cGwJAEaKmWZeIaU=/0x0:1250x565/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1250x565):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22849681/Sasha_forBenji.pptx__1_.png 1920w" /></picture></span></span>
<figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">Two of the many species of marine algae researchers detected in Southern California during the 2017 Thomas Fire.</span></figcaption>
<span class="e-image__meta"><cite>Courtesy of Sasha Kramer</cite></span></figure>
<p>Elsewhere in the world, research has found a stronger connection between fires and phytoplankton. In 2003, a particularly <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3834840">notable paper</a> linked a 1997 red tide — which choked a coral reef in Sumatra of oxygen, killing fish and the reef itself — to wildfires in Indonesia. “Iron fertilization by the 1997 Indonesian wildfires was sufficient to produce the extraordinary red tide,” the authors wrote, “leading to reef death by asphyxiation.”</p>
<p>Wildfire smoke can also <a href="https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/10.1139/f03-049">cause algae to balloon</a> in freshwater rivers and lakes. “It usually causes a really big bloom response because [the algae] is just sitting there getting fertilized in the sun,” Kramer said. In these cases, however, it’s typically phosphorus rather than iron that the algae need to bloom, Hamilton said.</p>
<p>Smoke from wildfires has even been shown to fertilize plants on land. One <a href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/33/16216">remarkable study</a> from 2019 found that phosphorus from fires burning in southern Africa traveled all the way to the Amazon Basin, where it fertilized the rainforest.</p>
<p>While wildfires are becoming more frequent and severe <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/7/25/22592004/wildfires-climate-change-reconciliation-bill">due to climate change</a>, scientists still aren’t sure what that means for the future of our oceans.</p>
<p>As the <em>Nature</em> study shows, fires can spur large algal blooms, but a lot depends on the local environment. If the ecosystem already has plenty of nutrients, for example, an influx of iron or phosphorus might not produce a bloom.</p>
<p>Even if there is a bloom, it’s not always clear if it’s good or bad. Phytoplankton, like plants, are photosynthetic, absorbing carbon dioxide (CO2) as they grow. In a basic sense, more algae mean fewer carbon emissions. That’s why some people <a href="https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsta.2008.0139">have proposed</a> fertilizing the ocean with iron as a way to combat climate change. But even big algal blooms may not absorb enough carbon to offset the CO2 stemming from the wildfires that fuel them. Some kinds of algae are also likely to release the carbon they store back into the atmosphere when they decay, whereas others, such as diatoms, are more likely to lock it up permanently, Kramer said.</p>
<p>“The best thing is to not rely on this carbon drawdown from phytoplankton, but to stop emitting CO2 in the first place,” Hamilton said.</p>
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<figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">A firefighter in New South Wales, Australia, sprays water on a controlled burn during the country’s devastating 2019 wildfire season.</span></figcaption>
<span class="e-image__meta"><cite>David Gray/Bloomberg via Getty Images</cite></span></figure>
<p>Algal blooms can also wreak havoc on wildlife and throw ecosystems off balance. Blooms in Florida, for example, <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/8/4/22606025/florida-red-tide-dead-fish-beach-algae-bloom">have killed thousands of fish</a>, and even manatees. They have also caused “dead zones” around the world, including in parts of the Gulf of Mexico and the Chesapeake Bay, where there’s not enough oxygen for animals to survive. If nothing else, they’re likely altering the food chain, Hamilton said.</p>
<p>This research raises a lot of new questions, such as how fire-fueled phytoplankton affect ocean biology and carbon sinks, and stands to further complicate future climate models. It also highlights an uneasy juxtaposition: We can be both amazed by the science of catastrophe and gravely worried about what it tells us. It’s mind-boggling that fires in Australia are fertilizing oceans off the coast of South America — and troubling to think of what it might mean for the marine animals that live there.</p>
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source <a href="https://www.vox.com/down-to-earth/2021/9/15/22672480/wildfires-oceans-algae-blooms-climate-change-australia">https://www.vox.com/down-to-earth/2021/9/15/22672480/wildfires-oceans-algae-blooms-climate-change-australia</a>

vox Wildfires in Australia caused an explosion of sea life thousands of miles away

Two years ago, in the southern Pacific Ocean, an explosion of algae grew to more than 2,000 miles wide — about the width of Australia. Gian...

The best $34.32 I ever spent: My white cane

<div><img class="ff-og-image-inserted" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/VR6GEmJw0NgyXqXFXdSKmjP_igI=/0x78:4000x2172/fit-in/1200x630/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22849531/Cane__1_.jpg" /></div>
<p>I touched down in Denver, made my way through the airport, and got an Uber to a restaurant a friend had recommended. I had made a reservation in advance, walked right in, and was seated at the bar. I enjoyed an entrée and a cocktail and caught up on podcasts while I ate my meal. Later, I paid my bill, then took another Uber to my hotel.</p>
<p>This all sounds pretty mundane. As a 35-year-old professional, I had gone on a million business trips before, but as a newly minted openly blind person, it was a huge first for me. Checking in with the hostess, ordering the dinner I selected in advance after perusing the menu online, and being just another patron amid the chatter and clinking of dishes in the hip, busy downtown spot made me feel powerful and present in a way that was entirely new — and frankly, the meal was quite delicious.</p>
<p>As I settled into my hotel room that night, I thought about the object that made this whole trip possible: my white cane. Wielding the cane in the airport, at the restaurant, and in the hotel made me feel powerful and in control, but I recalled a time when that was not the case. I remembered when pulling out the white cane filled me with shame. It was the symbol of my failure to be sighted.</p>
<p>I was born with a genetic, degenerative eye condition that meant the cells in my retina responsible for light perception were either severely damaged or nonfunctional. I was effectively “night blind,” but I had pretty good daytime vision, depth perception, and acuity. As a child and then a young adult, I could mostly “fake it” as a sighted person. With eyes that appeared to track the world around me and no white cane or guide dog to mark me as blind to sighted people, my disability was well hidden. And, surrounded by a sighted family, classmates, and teachers, that’s what I was encouraged to do.</p>
<p>I went through life without interacting much at all with other blind people, except for the mobility instructors that my mom arranged for me through our state’s blind services agency starting when I was in elementary school. They would pull me out of regular classes during the day to train me on how to use a white cane.</p>
<p>My pretty good daytime vision, however, made it hard for me to see the benefits of the cane, and I spent most of these sessions making sure none of my classmates saw me with this strange device. Whenever I practiced with the instructor, I felt awkward and somewhat like a fraud — I could still see well, and I feared people would think I was faking being blind.</p>
<p>Still, I did absorb much of what these mobility instructors, some of whom were blind themselves, taught me. I learned different cane strokes, swiping across the ground in front of me or using the “two-point touch” to tap at shoulder-width intervals. I learned how to navigate stairs and avoid bumping into obstacles in my path. I mastered street crossings, listening carefully for parallel traffic as the signal that it was safe to cross. By middle school, I had the cane skills pretty much down pat.</p>
<p>But even at that young age, I subconsciously understood <a href="https://www.today.com/tmrw/what-ableism-t212462">ableism</a> and loathed the idea that people who saw me with the cane would think I was weak, deserving of pity, or worse, an amazing inspiration simply because I was able to move at all. At school, I tried to avoid things like dropping a pencil on the ground. As I’d feel around for my fallen writing implement, I would hear the jeers of the boys in my class as they laughed and called me “blindy.”</p>
<p>At the time, I thought, <em>how dare they lob this horrible slur at me?</em> It makes sense now, considering neither they nor I had learned anything in school about disability. I never saw characters that experienced the world like I did in the literature we read or the history we learned. My blindness was invisible to everyone, and I participated in the game of sweeping it under the rug.</p>
<div class="c-float-right c-float-hang">
<aside><q>I remembered when pulling out the white cane filled me with shame. It was the symbol of my failure to be sighted.</q></aside>
</div>
<p>Those feelings persisted into my teenage years and young adulthood. In college, my cane remained tucked away, out of sight in my bag. The one time I tried to use it, walking down Broadway in New York City (where I went to school), some kid yelled out, “Why’s she using that, she’s not blind!” This instantly pulled me back into my shell of secrecy and shame, reacting to the dissonance created by my partial sight and use of the cane. It would be years before I tried displaying the outward trappings of my disability, instead opting for the more discreet, albeit less convenient, approach of holding onto other people’s arms for guidance when I couldn’t see.</p>
<p>I began to lose vision rapidly in my late 20s, and that loss defined how I navigated life. I set limits on where I would go, I turned down social invitations, I was afraid to venture out by myself at night. Still, my desire to obscure what was happening to me was paramount, even above my own physical safety. It took some serious brushes with calamity — including falling into the train tracks at Penn Station because I wasn’t using a cane and missed the edge of the platform — that led me to wake up and realize that if I didn’t change my attitude, I could seriously harm myself, or even lose my life. My denial of disability was starting to look more like a death wish.</p>
<p>I didn’t want my vision loss to be the end of me. I found a new mobility instructor as a free service through the state commission for the blind and learned to navigate New York City. For one hour every week, an extremely kind, patient woman walked beside me while I felt my way through subway stations and navigated intersections. Gradually, she started walking behind me, forcing me to feel more comfortable being seen alone with the cane. One day, she gave me an address to travel to on my own and said she would meet me there. That was the first time I walked the streets and rode the subway with my cane and felt completely fine about it; there was no twinge of shame or embarrassment. When I found my instructor at our designated meeting spot, I had a huge grin on my face. I learned, bit by bit, not to care who was looking at me or what they were saying.</p>
<p>Once I began to tune all of that out, I started to understand how this 54-inch length of graphite was changing my orientation to the world. I could go anywhere at any time. I wasn’t constrained by shame and fear. The cane, I came to accept, was my best tool to participate in the world on equal footing with my sighted peers.</p>
<p>According to the 2018 National Health Interview Survey, an estimated <a href="https://www.afb.org/research-and-initiatives/statistics#content">32.2 million adults in the US</a> (or about 13 percent of the adult population) reported either having trouble seeing even with glasses or contact lenses, or being partially or completely blind. The way people deal with it varies: Some prefer to only walk with sighted assistance, some use white canes, others prefer guide dogs. Canes give you a lot of advanced information when walking; you can feel bumps in the sidewalk, curbs, and abandoned scooters that people dump in the middle of the sidewalk. The cane offers a wealth of information in each swipe, and for me this made it indispensable.</p>
<p>Up until that point, I had relied on a series of free canes given to me by various mobility instructors at various points in my life. When I moved to Washington, DC, and started hanging out with more blind people, I discovered the world of cane variety. There are <a href="https://www.walmart.com/ip/Europa-Folding-Cane-w-Reizen-Marshmallow-Hook-Tip-58-in/181815483">marshmallow tips</a> (a big ball at the end of your cane that literally looks like a giant marshmallow) and <a href="https://www.maxiaids.com/ambutech-hilites-blue-4-sec-52-in-aluminum-folding-cane-pencil-tip">pencil tips</a> and <a href="https://www.maxiaids.com/ambutech-alum-6-sec-folding-cane-white-ball-56-in">roller tips</a>. People even get cool bling for their canes, like sparkly charms with rhinestones that you can hang from the hand strap.</p>
<p>Suddenly, I felt that my tattered, beat-up, free cane from the New York State Commission for the Blind was just not up to par.</p>
<p>So I invested in my first white cane. I chose a 59-inch <a href="https://ambutech.com/collections/graphite-mobility-folding-canes">graphite folding cane from Ambutech</a> with a marshmallow tip, as recommended by another blind friend. It cost $34.32, and I was so excited when it arrived in its fresh plastic wrapping. This was the first time I had been able to pick out the cane I wanted. I selected the length and chose an accent color — a cheerful, bright-pink strip at the bottom to complement the white body of the cane.</p>
<p>By buying the cane with my own money and in consultation with other cane users, the experience of blindness was no longer a burden I bore alone; it was a cultural marker that bound me closer to a community I had begun to fall in love with. It was my first true investment into my identity as a blind person — an object that would unmistakably mark me as disabled — and I was proud and delighted. I felt incredible joy in joining the ranks of my blind friends, all of us forming a crowd of white canes and guide dogs.</p>
<p class="c-end-para">I now have multiple canes for all occasions and needs, and I swap between them like outfits in my closet. Gone are the days of hiding my cane away, folded in the depths of my purse. When it’s in my hand, I feel seen. I am unabashedly present in a world that perpetually wants to erase me and my disabled community. Now, wherever I’m going, that cane is coming with me, and I’m up for whatever solo adventure comes my way.</p>
<p><em>Qudsiya Naqui is a lawyer, disability justice activist, and host of the podcast</em> <a href="https://www.downtothestruts.com/episodes/season-2-law-policy-disabled-immigrants">Down to the Struts</a> <em>about disability, design, and intersectionality.</em></p>
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<p>In the next 30 days, we’re aiming to add 2,500 individual contributions to help keep our coverage of the Covid-19 crisis free for everyone who needs it. As each of us is only as healthy as our sickest neighbor, it’s essential that people can access clear information on the pandemic for free. <a href="http://vox.com/pages/support-now?itm_campaign=fall2021&itm_medium=article&itm_source=article-footer">Will you help us reach our goal by making a contribution to Vox with as little as $3?</a></p>
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source <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22673510/best-money-white-cane-blindness">https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22673510/best-money-white-cane-blindness</a>

vox The best $34.32 I ever spent: My white cane

I touched down in Denver, made my way through the airport, and got an Uber to a restaurant a friend had recommended. I had made a reservati...