Why so many dead fish are washing up on Florida’s beaches

<p><em>This story is part of</em> <a href="https://www.vox.com/down-to-earth"><strong>Down to Earth</strong></a><em>, a Vox reporting initiative on the science, politics, and economics of the biodiversity crisis.</em></p> <p>The scenes from western Florida are hard to stomach: fish carcasses dotting beaches for miles, a backhoe lifting a <a href="https://www.foxnews.com/us/goliath-groupers-wash-ashore-in-florida-during-massive-fish-kill">400-pound goliath grouper</a> out of the water, hundreds of sharks swimming through neighborhoods, and hordes of <a href="https://www.fox13news.com/news/maggots-fill-sand-along-lido-beach-after-red-tide-fish-kill">maggots</a> wriggling along the shore.</p> <p>In the past three weeks, <a href="https://www.tampabay.com/news/environment/2021/07/30/red-tide-expected-to-stay-around-pinellas-coast-this-weekend/">more than 1,700 tons</a> of dead fish and other marine organisms and debris have washed ashore along beaches near Tampa Bay. They were killed by an overgrowth of toxic algae, known as red tide, that came inland earlier this summer.</p> <p>While algal blooms are a natural phenomenon in southwest Florida — and across much of the world — they’re typically not this severe. The algae have not only killed untold thousands of fish and more than a dozen manatees but also <a href="https://www.tampabay.com/news/environment/2021/07/29/red-tide-isnt-just-bad-for-fish-a-st-petersburg-man-learned-that-in-the-er/?utm_source=pocket_mylist">sickened some beachgoers</a>, who can experience respiratory issues when the toxins become airborne.</p> <p>Now scientists are racing to determine what makes a year particularly bad for red tides — and whether they’re becoming more common. The last major red tide was just three years ago, when then-Gov. Rick Scott declared a state of emergency, as Vox’s Brian Resnick <a href="https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2018/8/30/17795892/red-tide-2018-florida-gulf-sarasota-sanibel-okeechobee">previously reported</a>. The state’s current governor, Ron DeSantis, has rebuffed calls from environmental groups to declare a state of emergency for this year’s red tide.</p> <p>Red tides in Florida result from a complicated set of variables, from ocean currents to weather patterns, researchers have learned. And while these events are not necessarily becoming more common, as you might expect, climate change is making them much harder to forecast — and Florida’s booming population is making them far more visible.</p> <figure class="e-image"><span class="e-image__inner"><span class="e-image__image" data-original="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760508/GettyImages_1234097981.jpg"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1628116042_8738_21701" data-cdata='{"asset_id":22760508,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/iLIJ6dV1dMVVU7hYbJd3UA5jsU8=/0x0:3000x2000/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760508/GettyImages_1234097981.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/PBtyNKAKg5Ybq0InZHeZsfN5OHQ=/0x0:3000x2000/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760508/GettyImages_1234097981.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/zeLTm9WSefDqvlE0jA-OqHUXU2Y=/0x0:3000x2000/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760508/GettyImages_1234097981.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/79fR0jSbZBwaY92dSEVfoxXrj10=/0x0:3000x2000/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760508/GettyImages_1234097981.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/FJ9lB5MIjlIbaeA-Mp4aWVGzjPc=/0x0:3000x2000/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760508/GettyImages_1234097981.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/6NjvXw1vZmutokMWKLliLcM8TqU=/0x0:3000x2000/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760508/GettyImages_1234097981.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/bsfujhfMeaOf_aNFRlvmLMuHY7A=/0x0:3000x2000/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760508/GettyImages_1234097981.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/3uQAdkDqJpqEIMs0t0IJ4RxY1Js=/0x0:3000x2000/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760508/GettyImages_1234097981.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/28--QXVdQcU3_5m4I1232f7zSrw=/0x0:3000x2000/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760508/GettyImages_1234097981.jpg 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="" data-upload-width="3000" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/2uN27z_rtcef7T8fHwssPl1F4r4=/0x0:3000x2000/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760508/GettyImages_1234097981.jpg" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/7xt_jWjALgVwQ04Bua920l7XCnM=/0x0:3000x2000/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760508/GettyImages_1234097981.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ym2Coo8mDU0Zhp-atwV0RQ3FrWg=/0x0:3000x2000/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760508/GettyImages_1234097981.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/5OvY8MCKmlSEPvuxOQll4HK-Lnk=/0x0:3000x2000/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760508/GettyImages_1234097981.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/JDGyMOj1WQPMSB2JBsnnXU95tLM=/0x0:3000x2000/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760508/GettyImages_1234097981.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/6xor5zk84xMGqN1MUa87veqE3X0=/0x0:3000x2000/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760508/GettyImages_1234097981.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/qrZG_7In22y9sLWuzrIk5zhruIo=/0x0:3000x2000/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760508/GettyImages_1234097981.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/4T7vgzoE18kxQYNHA16r3rLsPp0=/0x0:3000x2000/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760508/GettyImages_1234097981.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/SAxuAkD1ELWwe0UFpb7JYj3aF3w=/0x0:3000x2000/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760508/GettyImages_1234097981.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/2lE0wbkoaYNXYP0pXPSt73Ifjpc=/0x0:3000x2000/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760508/GettyImages_1234097981.jpg 1920w" /></picture></span></span> <figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">Thousands of dead fish killed by red tide in Boca Ciega Bay in Madeira Beach, Florida.</span></figcaption> <span class="e-image__meta"><cite>Octavio Jones/Getty Images</cite></span></figure> <p>Dead fish, ruined vacations, and other consequences of Florida’s red tide can be tied to just one tiny species: Karenia brevis. It’s a type of marine algae, or phytoplankton, native to the Gulf of Mexico.</p> <p>While they don’t always make national news, blooms of K. brevis typically occur every year. Starting in late summer, a deep-water current in the Gulf tends to move east toward Florida, causing an upwelling of nutrients like phosphorous and nitrogen that feed the algae and push them toward the coast, where they find other sources of nutrients.</p> <figure class="e-image"><span class="e-image__inner"><span class="e-image__image" data-original="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760500/5807660623_328c28305c_o.png"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1628116042_4818_21702" data-cdata='{"asset_id":22760500,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/m_4nFo8FF2UcrnnmAlcLBo7z1MU=/0x0:1800x1873/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1800x1873):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760500/5807660623_328c28305c_o.png 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/BK0EKKi58Mg9IqYAG8eTWH-a0zc=/0x0:1800x1873/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1800x1873):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760500/5807660623_328c28305c_o.png 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ZSFTzxRT-DMiq4BVIe7S5tj5r7Y=/0x0:1800x1873/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1800x1873):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760500/5807660623_328c28305c_o.png 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/On1OimRgCUmqwNu7oBwzI1VoZy4=/0x0:1800x1873/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1800x1873):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760500/5807660623_328c28305c_o.png 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/G5nlwkYAsRC3-ZcbZ6blIMJGxWQ=/0x0:1800x1873/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:1800x1873):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760500/5807660623_328c28305c_o.png 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/g6jMEhsfj6Pn2gNmzp8p2-kdDes=/0x0:1800x1873/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1800x1873):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760500/5807660623_328c28305c_o.png 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/zcUoc49p8MAyB1s3u-cSRrzUJG0=/0x0:1800x1873/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1800x1873):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760500/5807660623_328c28305c_o.png 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/0UoRT9s6456iAfYpTNkkNKMfvoE=/0x0:1800x1873/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1800x1873):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760500/5807660623_328c28305c_o.png 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/0PuFgp6NFCpa3J_IUm-M0A7leP4=/0x0:1800x1873/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1800x1873):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760500/5807660623_328c28305c_o.png 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="" data-upload-width="1800" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/1FAdHg2azmWo0sXLyJJll3TU1PY=/0x0:1800x1873/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:1800x1873):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760500/5807660623_328c28305c_o.png" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/xL6UPkDv_p86Mb216EcRvIQJklU=/0x0:1800x1873/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1800x1873):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760500/5807660623_328c28305c_o.png 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/EV5yYujO3Ufh1zZXK0zRQPZb1PM=/0x0:1800x1873/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1800x1873):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760500/5807660623_328c28305c_o.png 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/3xHB1LTH_DbXSFpFRNZ44FGbcWY=/0x0:1800x1873/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1800x1873):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760500/5807660623_328c28305c_o.png 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Kw4l5HLhUQWHx3NSAgfqWT1N-5g=/0x0:1800x1873/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1800x1873):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760500/5807660623_328c28305c_o.png 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/-wsBgvcw4vzvnOVldKY6fvLIoYE=/0x0:1800x1873/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:1800x1873):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760500/5807660623_328c28305c_o.png 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ImD-zt5AAl73WD5fYzyZON4ePRc=/0x0:1800x1873/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1800x1873):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760500/5807660623_328c28305c_o.png 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/d6SrfHVDstp8iuhEOQajlNPqfKE=/0x0:1800x1873/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1800x1873):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760500/5807660623_328c28305c_o.png 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Fe7MpqIhsUe0glmlLAaI4WlaSz4=/0x0:1800x1873/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1800x1873):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760500/5807660623_328c28305c_o.png 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Q_sHiGSmGWlzC26QPSQ5vqp00mY=/0x0:1800x1873/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1800x1873):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760500/5807660623_328c28305c_o.png 1920w" /></picture></span></span> <figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">Karenia brevis, a type of marine algae responsible for Florida red tides.</span></figcaption> <span class="e-image__meta"><cite>Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission</cite></span></figure> <p>Normally, the blooms — which can be a rusty red in hue — last for only a few months and impact a relatively small area. But on occasion, they grow uncontrollably and start wreaking havoc on marine ecosystems. That’s because K. brevis produces brevetoxin, an odorless neurotoxin that can be fatal to fish and other marine animals.</p> <p>While scientists aren’t sure why the algae make toxins, one interesting theory is that it’s to kill fish by design. Rotting fish essentially fertilize the water, which in turn creates more algae. “The toxins have to have a purpose, and it might be killing fish to get the nutrients,” said Cynthia Heil, director of the Red Tide Institute at Florida’s Mote Marine Laboratory & Aquarium. “This little one-cell plant may actually be farming.”</p> <p>In large numbers, these microscopic organisms also pose a threat to human health. Waves can break open the algae cells and release the toxin into the air. Inhaling it can cause respiratory issues and feel like “you’re starting to get a cold,” Heil said. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24727069/">Studies</a> have linked severe red tides with a rise in hospital visits, especially among older adults.</p> <figure class="e-image"><span class="e-image__inner"><span class="e-image__image" data-original="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22759279/statewide_combo0730.png"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1628116042_7036_21703" data-cdata='{"asset_id":22759279,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/e5WaSXbPNxDqnnTos2YEH4M9Pds=/0x0:1500x675/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1500x675):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22759279/statewide_combo0730.png 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/y0CLMUp10eNK-cQyb8KXkM8tu4g=/0x0:1500x675/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1500x675):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22759279/statewide_combo0730.png 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/FehrZyX2k_51coDrwVPliZl4Omg=/0x0:1500x675/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1500x675):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22759279/statewide_combo0730.png 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/U7UTPjKKl4QTQ6dOPYLSEZlDlUg=/0x0:1500x675/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1500x675):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22759279/statewide_combo0730.png 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/3BwwXIzP6A1ED4UimJLcDSGZkMc=/0x0:1500x675/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:1500x675):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22759279/statewide_combo0730.png 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/zJ3xsPVCEBenmmhjo-Z6ufg2dGg=/0x0:1500x675/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1500x675):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22759279/statewide_combo0730.png 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/_z5et6f2B8PHezGPXrhiguHKXk0=/0x0:1500x675/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1500x675):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22759279/statewide_combo0730.png 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/XFjS5_-I-dYAv5re5FJUQXQL3Rk=/0x0:1500x675/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1500x675):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22759279/statewide_combo0730.png 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/HPV97f7vg5DTPYBLZfr8WmSUaaY=/0x0:1500x675/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1500x675):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22759279/statewide_combo0730.png 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="" data-upload-width="1500" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/wNWcr5l3qcZ2lzmi9Vhku9vNbbE=/0x0:1500x675/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:1500x675):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22759279/statewide_combo0730.png" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/99RSUk0eyvdgHPAyFK9J9EjUgZQ=/0x0:1500x675/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1500x675):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22759279/statewide_combo0730.png 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Lj0IPsO0AjSjOa_k9Nsqj1wd91E=/0x0:1500x675/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1500x675):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22759279/statewide_combo0730.png 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/FItN_VVIiGb2qiM_Yu1FD7lPRJg=/0x0:1500x675/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1500x675):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22759279/statewide_combo0730.png 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/hEfF4bYvn2GzyIe4VUTDPMBTaNw=/0x0:1500x675/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1500x675):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22759279/statewide_combo0730.png 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/sHxgALue0xhmD2sQrcQaCug8hWo=/0x0:1500x675/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:1500x675):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22759279/statewide_combo0730.png 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/fmCWJY9IAlRQI5Db05o3NefjE8g=/0x0:1500x675/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1500x675):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22759279/statewide_combo0730.png 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/LqnSwfhFhKS93vUUzfsRnhxvUPQ=/0x0:1500x675/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1500x675):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22759279/statewide_combo0730.png 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/s-CoNXkYFiCRWq8mrfKST-rXs9A=/0x0:1500x675/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1500x675):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22759279/statewide_combo0730.png 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/tvM2P8_dktIjiNBwvhZqISvDYvY=/0x0:1500x675/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1500x675):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22759279/statewide_combo0730.png 1920w" /></picture></span></span> <figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">Where red tide is found in Florida, as of late July. The red dots show areas with high concentrations of Karenia brevis, the algae that cause red tide.</span></figcaption> <span class="e-image__meta"><cite>Florida Fish and Wildlife Commission</cite></span></figure> <figure class="e-image"><span class="e-image__inner"><span class="e-image__image" data-original="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760455/51328378513_dd53a93289_k.jpg"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1628116042_2959_21704" data-cdata='{"asset_id":22760455,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/eqUrE9DFPNdwn74vxvcRIUvswzY=/0x0:2048x1365/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1365):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760455/51328378513_dd53a93289_k.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/C8uZGab8IUe26t84U_e_n593fxI=/0x0:2048x1365/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1365):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760455/51328378513_dd53a93289_k.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/fPV6P1TkCIF2jnEOaUgtZa1vM4U=/0x0:2048x1365/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1365):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760455/51328378513_dd53a93289_k.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Vgc0OrljhDYVoxf-FXM9ISRZM5o=/0x0:2048x1365/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1365):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760455/51328378513_dd53a93289_k.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/rik7L6kUSpJJU44VtQKpZ47YpQY=/0x0:2048x1365/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1365):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760455/51328378513_dd53a93289_k.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/8vSNhUb6KZoSo3dZnUeIwV6R-CI=/0x0:2048x1365/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1365):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760455/51328378513_dd53a93289_k.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/H50tR7cLuui64QOzU2A8KW8sfCU=/0x0:2048x1365/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1365):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760455/51328378513_dd53a93289_k.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/BYIkZXk9JyAxESokiKIlbjad7js=/0x0:2048x1365/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1365):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760455/51328378513_dd53a93289_k.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/KrVZaQjzMcJhoZyuSHQNfgO1cNA=/0x0:2048x1365/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1365):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760455/51328378513_dd53a93289_k.jpg 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="" data-upload-width="2048" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/hGkuH9cR5Hb54oiAgA4o4fRzC8Q=/0x0:2048x1365/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1365):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760455/51328378513_dd53a93289_k.jpg" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/gb4QYQ27-jnFXElxsHwxR1138-Q=/0x0:2048x1365/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1365):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760455/51328378513_dd53a93289_k.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/AHeD0CcrrfwKW15Wv0UbJZkiLUI=/0x0:2048x1365/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1365):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760455/51328378513_dd53a93289_k.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/dgJZLC_jgqi4LIXAFTFTJTaWRiY=/0x0:2048x1365/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1365):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760455/51328378513_dd53a93289_k.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/-WjXr7v-yfDOIkewWof9_hyerGg=/0x0:2048x1365/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1365):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760455/51328378513_dd53a93289_k.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Qx4wa89VNTXWgYv92_9xdQMfNzY=/0x0:2048x1365/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1365):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760455/51328378513_dd53a93289_k.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/hjAKCXU8ZuOBUge41foulKcb8VE=/0x0:2048x1365/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1365):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760455/51328378513_dd53a93289_k.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/dDQAs7n2BNn5ewRDAAXShJJFQls=/0x0:2048x1365/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1365):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760455/51328378513_dd53a93289_k.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/6Du1eaJId-JD3iceE5U0qV-bWdo=/0x0:2048x1365/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1365):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760455/51328378513_dd53a93289_k.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/QBsouOmZWlscydeuF5jdHO4SiyM=/0x0:2048x1365/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1365):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760455/51328378513_dd53a93289_k.jpg 1920w" /></picture></span></span> <figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">The red tide bloom off the coast of northern Pinellas County, Florida.</span></figcaption> <span class="e-image__meta"><cite>Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission</cite></span></figure> <p>Although K. brevis is well-studied, it’s still not clear why it explodes in some years. Each major red tide event seems to have its own unique equation, experts say.</p> <p>This year, southerly winds helped keep the bloom close to shore, where it could feed off pollution spilling into the water. Meanwhile, months of drought ahead of Hurricane Elsa likely made estuaries around Tampa Bay saltier, allowing the marine algae to move farther inshore. Plus, more than <a href="https://www.wfla.com/news/local-news/manatee-county/conservation-groups-sue-gov-desantis-state-regulators-for-mismanaging-toxic-waste-at-piney-point/">200 million gallons</a> of wastewater from an <a href="https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/earth-systems/blog/a-rundown-of-the-piney-point-wastewater-leak/">abandoned</a> phosphate mine known as Piney Point was pumped into Tampa Bay last spring.</p> <p>“There was this huge pulse of nutrients into the bay,” Heil said. While it didn’t outright cause the bloom, it may have made it worse, she added. “It’s been a very odd year.”</p> <p>Ultimately, the red tide killed more than 1,700 tons of sea life in Pinellas County, which hugs Tampa Bay, and that number could continue to grow. The bloom is also implicated in the death of <a href="https://myfwc.com/media/25649/2021preliminaryredtide.pdf">17 manatees</a> in June and July, according to the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC).</p> <p>Floridians also reported seeing hundreds of live sharks evading the red tide by swimming into human-made canals and waterways in the Tampa region. “You literally could have walked across the canal on the backs of sharks — that’s how many there were,” Janelle Branower, a resident of Longboat Key, <a href="https://www.wfla.com/news/local-news/sharks-seen-in-longboat-key-canals-are-trying-to-avoid-red-tide-experts-say/">told Allyson Henning, a reporter with a local NBC news channel</a>.</p> <p>The toxic bloom is now beginning to dissipate, and hundreds of government workers have been working to clean up mountains of dead fish. (In Pinellas County, dead fish can be burned along with other trash to produce electricity, a county official told Vox.) But it’s only a matter of time before the next severe bloom strikes, experts say.</p> <figure class="e-image"><span class="e-image__inner"><span class="e-image__image" data-original="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760461/51345153117_09152555f5_k.jpg"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1628116042_6074_21705" data-cdata='{"asset_id":22760461,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ZrI496taSDzp3cXoODzIpWdQ6pM=/0x0:2048x1365/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1365):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760461/51345153117_09152555f5_k.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/1IyK8GjaAnWl4o6_ScZa5rq1jAo=/0x0:2048x1365/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1365):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760461/51345153117_09152555f5_k.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/flvgCRKZE70XYK7g8-qyQlbter4=/0x0:2048x1365/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1365):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760461/51345153117_09152555f5_k.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/6oYwkOIRAiNr_hnUViVMbTMRg5Q=/0x0:2048x1365/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1365):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760461/51345153117_09152555f5_k.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/-o9gpivEA9Zg-ZWKTBdUB-OKZng=/0x0:2048x1365/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1365):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760461/51345153117_09152555f5_k.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/A1UGLK_y8HwXnppcB_mwaqKKtbk=/0x0:2048x1365/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1365):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760461/51345153117_09152555f5_k.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/703F7aPPp4zSlxero82OFAr9epU=/0x0:2048x1365/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1365):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760461/51345153117_09152555f5_k.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/rmd88L3hP14AT4uspGwAeAaIoS8=/0x0:2048x1365/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1365):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760461/51345153117_09152555f5_k.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/qHxBmr_FjUzAo1JIXncDFbQQ1fM=/0x0:2048x1365/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1365):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760461/51345153117_09152555f5_k.jpg 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="" data-upload-width="2048" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/daYyFM3pxbVBU7K7nKc2JtvaL2E=/0x0:2048x1365/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1365):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760461/51345153117_09152555f5_k.jpg" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/1LzCYa2DOQVemnFx8LKSsGCeFzs=/0x0:2048x1365/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1365):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760461/51345153117_09152555f5_k.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/rPzl_XjFplP_9VzatCKBTzP1FWo=/0x0:2048x1365/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1365):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760461/51345153117_09152555f5_k.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/C8QkABgNCjq3qdG0TYJAM8aTSVQ=/0x0:2048x1365/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1365):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760461/51345153117_09152555f5_k.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/NyOsSxu9rxW2OISItdbH1WuhND8=/0x0:2048x1365/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1365):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760461/51345153117_09152555f5_k.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/y_4UgRq8WG699CgNmqDqFvMkMMs=/0x0:2048x1365/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1365):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760461/51345153117_09152555f5_k.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/lbNwpuXi7ghIi0LXIBovTnDL_WM=/0x0:2048x1365/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1365):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760461/51345153117_09152555f5_k.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/HaBd7y8Hk-4S1kDoZKCT-6ZTcq8=/0x0:2048x1365/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1365):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760461/51345153117_09152555f5_k.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/SUS0-fSjJF0M_Ae-UJZFcuEIjuY=/0x0:2048x1365/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1365):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760461/51345153117_09152555f5_k.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/R9Z3naKf-_Hkxh1JBicNxQZS78g=/0x0:2048x1365/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1365):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760461/51345153117_09152555f5_k.jpg 1920w" /></picture></span></span> <figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">Researchers measure a dead goliath grouper that washed ashore at St. Pete Beach, Florida.</span></figcaption> <span class="e-image__meta"><cite>Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission</cite></span></figure> <p>A cursory glance at state <a href="https://myfwc.com/media/21885/bloom-historic-database.pdf">data</a> showing the number of red tides over time suggests that these events are becoming more common in Florida. That’s in line with a handful of <a href="https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-9792707/Red-tide-fueled-climate-change-litters-Floridas-coastal-beaches-600-tons-dead-fish.html">media reports</a> that indicate climate change is fueling harmful algal blooms.</p> <p>But that frightening conclusion isn’t quite right, experts say. “I don’t think we’re in a position to say with any certainty that the frequency of the events has been increasing,” said Thomas Frazer, a professor in the college of marine science at the University of South Florida. A recently published <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568988321000020">review of the evidence</a> came to the same conclusion for Florida’s red tides: “no significant trend over time is evident,” the review reads.</p> <p>So why do harmful blooms <em>appear</em> to be increasing?</p> <p>For one, scientists have ramped up sampling efforts over time, Frazer said. The more you sample, the more likely you’ll be able to detect a toxic algae bloom. Florida has also seen a <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/florida-growth-jobs-economy-population-new-york-pandemic-employment-miami-2021-4">massive influx of residents</a> in the past decade, so there are simply more people affected by red tides. “Each new bloom is undoubtedly the worst for many residents, regardless of trends,” Heil said. Plus, social media platforms like TikTok have brought a new level of attention to algal blooms. (Several top recent red tide videos on TikTok have tens of thousands of views.)</p> <figure class="e-image"><span class="e-image__inner"><span class="e-image__image" data-original="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760468/GettyImages_1234099397.jpg"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1628116042_4815_21706" data-cdata='{"asset_id":22760468,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/NQQ7hpcv0mj06jycZ6tn4NoJB7M=/0x0:3000x2000/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760468/GettyImages_1234099397.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/-Jd8M9Do4uGaLcbX-NoT8b3rfrI=/0x0:3000x2000/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760468/GettyImages_1234099397.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/izvU22xhi5_RvgLHH9ZX1rFELqM=/0x0:3000x2000/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760468/GettyImages_1234099397.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/E_-lQu_eELZgxNnlHD9DQ27sbVc=/0x0:3000x2000/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760468/GettyImages_1234099397.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/3xSGV6Ei8lSiFm_h0EGVzI07Pk0=/0x0:3000x2000/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760468/GettyImages_1234099397.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/fHE6eWzwNiUtHh6mbt7dgEdhRoY=/0x0:3000x2000/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760468/GettyImages_1234099397.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/-sHq23x4Ez4UxgGqwBdxARXWhzY=/0x0:3000x2000/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760468/GettyImages_1234099397.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/BaC7picAqE45aIhE1Ro2JYzgl8I=/0x0:3000x2000/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760468/GettyImages_1234099397.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/1Alj_FuWzh-HkT4FKXYnoMprrLc=/0x0:3000x2000/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760468/GettyImages_1234099397.jpg 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="" data-upload-width="3000" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/0oODuBgm8kr61hdVUMUCCVwSFs0=/0x0:3000x2000/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760468/GettyImages_1234099397.jpg" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/M08B-PTa_Tvr_rdRKRFWIGXYEpM=/0x0:3000x2000/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760468/GettyImages_1234099397.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/wQAjDUqyU0pzDd9GqaImr4wLXrg=/0x0:3000x2000/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760468/GettyImages_1234099397.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/WTMOLjzyknVLfyZFPjmrT_RvtmA=/0x0:3000x2000/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760468/GettyImages_1234099397.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/vNpHfLubl-Gc9AoxVFdmb4SvIig=/0x0:3000x2000/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760468/GettyImages_1234099397.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/YP2vxPUlAnEW-jlDtqHt4zGIciU=/0x0:3000x2000/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760468/GettyImages_1234099397.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/XvhEoWkir5uFxaInljJHkiheA9o=/0x0:3000x2000/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760468/GettyImages_1234099397.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/MaIAvLZDCLnWrb0u9PRn9f9YcGo=/0x0:3000x2000/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760468/GettyImages_1234099397.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/0avoh2X08V-e30SRg_dmwU3ShpY=/0x0:3000x2000/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760468/GettyImages_1234099397.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/O2sqgmJnN2-4Jc2qz6kFw4yl9Js=/0x0:3000x2000/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760468/GettyImages_1234099397.jpg 1920w" /></picture></span></span> <figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">A dumpster for sea life killed by the red tide in St. Petersburg, Florida.</span></figcaption> <span class="e-image__meta"><cite>Octavio Jones/Getty Images</cite></span></figure> <figure class="e-image"><span class="e-image__inner"><span class="e-image__image" data-original="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760443/GettyImages_1234098725.jpg"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1628116042_2549_21707" data-cdata='{"asset_id":22760443,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/StASpfTjwJHl7iK1mw0O79J413E=/0x0:3000x2000/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760443/GettyImages_1234098725.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Z-oEq41OprfZsDYw7oQTMftMDcY=/0x0:3000x2000/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760443/GettyImages_1234098725.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/rxbhQAeBBmTDqBgWbi_RbyD3MFI=/0x0:3000x2000/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760443/GettyImages_1234098725.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Hox7bcXrCN0PEIdSDNO7hc7_Cz4=/0x0:3000x2000/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760443/GettyImages_1234098725.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/gIoydFfgcYrw-p4xaKZowDQICEM=/0x0:3000x2000/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760443/GettyImages_1234098725.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/lhR38oLIH4i8R4Wy_z8diLWhPIk=/0x0:3000x2000/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760443/GettyImages_1234098725.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/F3AeJ6XtDU_yph5bK-8k0M8oQT8=/0x0:3000x2000/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760443/GettyImages_1234098725.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/FtRZTlmIWKu4_Nx558PVyL2snVw=/0x0:3000x2000/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760443/GettyImages_1234098725.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/TkNqS0bL2VG6rxR4YBS-M7_SjeA=/0x0:3000x2000/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760443/GettyImages_1234098725.jpg 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="" data-upload-width="3000" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/s8ahL3pP0QklYMNOWHfXaH7tedc=/0x0:3000x2000/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760443/GettyImages_1234098725.jpg" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/gTvaDn0rHUoze7SALv3XA_kzAyo=/0x0:3000x2000/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760443/GettyImages_1234098725.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/XMtHrLmC84U-F79qq3ZijKPg9Y8=/0x0:3000x2000/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760443/GettyImages_1234098725.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/RJlRebrO5scfs7zhzolzYF6Oxag=/0x0:3000x2000/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760443/GettyImages_1234098725.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ctVruvgLbkZwp3bO8j3BXkj1E9A=/0x0:3000x2000/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760443/GettyImages_1234098725.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/mgMOOTls8iBE_G2b4fcqIBUK-Mw=/0x0:3000x2000/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760443/GettyImages_1234098725.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/2dYYN2qzVcdHNK8MualeJ6k7Q44=/0x0:3000x2000/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760443/GettyImages_1234098725.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/gXbR026V49IJYBS-6tFh-TC5osE=/0x0:3000x2000/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760443/GettyImages_1234098725.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/g0rKgXBlJx9MQSrFy_vZ_-pNNRA=/0x0:3000x2000/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760443/GettyImages_1234098725.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/JT8Xww-EjI1lR1AGXAxrKAMSD_I=/0x0:3000x2000/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22760443/GettyImages_1234098725.jpg 1920w" /></picture></span></span> <figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">Dead fish killed by red tide piled up on beaches in the Tampa Bay region.</span></figcaption> <span class="e-image__meta"><cite>Octavio Jones/Getty Images</cite></span></figure> <p>“You should not underestimate that there is a very strong human behavior factor involved,” said Gustaaf Hallegraeff, a professor emeritus at the University of Tasmania who’s been studying harmful algal blooms for decades. “The more people there are on the coast, the more blooms they see.”</p> <p>Hallegraeff points out that records of red tides date back hundreds of years, and fish kills have been documented since <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568988321000020">at least the mid-1800s</a>. The worst bloom in history — which spread from Sarasota down to the Florida Keys — was likely in 1947 and killed an <a href="https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2307/1948575">estimated half a billion fish</a>.</p> <p>There’s some reassuring news in this history, Hallegraeff says. For one thing, “it’s not a new phenomenon. It’s always been there.” Other parts of the world are dealing with new outbreaks of harmful invasive species, he said, and this isn’t one of those.</p> <p>Still, red tides could get more severe or longer-lasting, he said, as coastal houses and factories contribute to algae-fueling pollution. (There’s not great data showing whether the severity or duration of blooms is increasing, and it’s still a matter of debate among scientists.)</p> <p>“Red tides are naturally occurring, but we have the capacity to make them worse,” Frazer said. “Increased nutrient delivery is a global problem and arguably the largest problem affecting water quality around the globe.” Nutrient-rich runoff is also fueling a <a href="https://www.noaa.gov/news-release/larger-than-average-gulf-of-mexico-dead-zone-measured">massive “dead zone”</a> farther east in the Gulf of Mexico, which is also caused by algal growth.</p> <p>Climate change is certain to have some effect, experts say. Rising temperatures can alter ocean currents, raise sea levels, heat the water, and increase the frequency and intensity of droughts and hurricanes. Meanwhile, carbon dioxide affects the acidity of water and the growth rate of photosynthetic organisms like algae. All these variables will likely impact red tide. “Climate change makes algal blooms less predictable,” Hallegraeff said. “That’s the real impact.”</p> <p>It’s a good thing, then, that researchers are getting better at forecasting blooms. The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission can process hundreds of water samples a week, with the help of a sampling robot that measures levels of K. brevis and whether they’re growing.</p> <p>“The more we know about the ecology of the organism, the better we are able to model it under different conditions,” said Kate Hubbard, director of the Center for Red Tide Research at FWC. Researchers are also <a href="https://mote.org/research/program/Florida-Red-Tide-Mitigation-and-Technology-Development-Initiative">experimenting with tools</a> that can fight the blooms directly, from clay (which is used to fight blooms in China) to brewer’s spent grain (a common byproduct in making beer).</p> <p>In the meantime, the National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science runs a <a href="https://habforecast.gcoos.org/">respiratory forecast</a> for red tide in beaches in western Florida, which is updated every three hours. “It’s really helpful to have these new forecasting tools and models that try to predict where it’s good to go, given that there’s an ongoing bloom,” Hubbard said. “It can change over the course of the day, or over the course of a few days — it’s a dynamic organism.”</p> <br /> <br /> source <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/8/4/22606025/florida-red-tide-dead-fish-beach-algae-bloom">https://www.vox.com/2021/8/4/22606025/florida-red-tide-dead-fish-beach-algae-bloom</a>

vox Why so many dead fish are washing up on Florida’s beaches

This story is part of Down to Earth , a Vox reporting initiative on the science, politics, and economics of the biodiversity crisis. The s...

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Delta is surging. Your boss wants you in the office. Is it safe?

<div><img class="ff-og-image-inserted" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/MYnNJO7C7dkfIDL6l5bdKYBeCv8=/0x528:5434x3373/fit-in/1200x630/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22748982/removing_mask_GettyImages_1292963449.jpg" /></div> <p>If you’ve spent most of the Covid-19 pandemic working from home, the idea of going back to the office might make you nervous — especially amid a surge in cases in some areas driven by the <a href="https://www.vox.com/coronavirus-covid19/22576904/us-new-covid-cases-rising-again-delta-variant">delta variant</a>, which is highly contagious and <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2021/07/29/cdc-mask-guidance/">may cause more severe illness</a>.</p> <p>Anecdotal reports of breakthrough cases among vaccinated people — which can obscure the key fact that vaccines available in the US are <a href="https://www.vox.com/22602039/breakthrough-cases-covid-19-delta-variant-masks-vaccines">really effective against the delta variant</a> — are fueling anxiety. And the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s new <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/8/3/22607777/cdc-mask-guidance-covid-19-delta-variant">recommendation</a> that vaccinated people go back to wearing masks indoors in areas with substantial or high transmission may add to uncertainty. Some employers that had planned to return to in-person work at the end of the summer, like <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/23/business/return-to-office-vaccine-mandates-delta-variant.html?partner=slack&smid=sl-share">Apple</a>, are now delaying their reopenings at least until October because of the variant.</p> <p>Saskia Popescu, an infectious disease epidemiologist at George Mason University, told me she believes companies such as Apple are right to delay reopening. (Some <a href="https://www.axios.com/coronavirus-delta-office-reopening-788aa0ae-da89-4eac-a337-ef6b59d38267.html">modeling</a> suggests that infections due to delta will be decreasing by October.) “I really respect that they are doing that,” Popescu said. “Delta is more transmissible and only 50 percent of the US is fully vaccinated. And we know that people can work remotely and do it efficiently and effectively. I appreciate that they are prioritizing employee safety over this push to go back to the office.”</p> <p>But some bosses are calling their US employees back to the office anyway. If you’re one of these employees, you may be wondering: How do I know if it’s safe to go back?</p> <p>Before we dive in, there is one thing we all should be crystal clear about: The best way out of this pandemic is to put the vaccines in as many arms as possible. It’s safe to say that being vaccinated yourself and being in an environment where others are also vaccinated is the best way to lower your risk in a world where offices are opening back up and delta is raging.</p> <p>Beyond that, you may have other questions: If people in the office are vaccinated, do they also need masks? What if there’s good ventilation? What exactly <a href="https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/22436152/covid-19-airborne-air-quality-ventilation">counts as good ventilation</a>? How important is spraying down surfaces? Evaluating the relative importance of different risk mitigation strategies is no easy task.</p> <p>Complicating matters is that we all calculate risk differently. Some see the excellent data on how much the vaccines protect against severe disease and hospitalization and are reassured enough after vaccination. Others, perhaps living with unvaccinated children or immunocompromised people, might lean toward the more cautious side.</p> <p>Wherever you are on that spectrum, what follows should help you organize your thoughts and figure out the best course of action based on your own risk calculations.</p> <p>Vaccines are, simply put, the most effective way to keep the Covid-19 pandemic under control. No, they’re not perfect — but the ones in wide distribution in the US are highly effective, including against delta (though J&J’s one-dose vaccine may be <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/20/health/coronavirus-johnson-vaccine-delta.html">less effective against that variant</a> than the mRNA vaccines are).</p> <p>According to the data scientists have so far, breakthrough infections are happening with greater frequency with delta than with the previous Covid-19 variants, though they are still uncommon (even if anecdotal reports might make them loom larger in the public consciousness). And when breakthroughs happen, they typically lead to no or mild symptoms. Severe disease and hospitalization among the vaccinated are exceedingly rare.</p> <p>Given all that, it makes sense for employers to require proof of vaccination — and for the most part, they are <a href="https://www.vox.com/22599791/covid-vaccine-mandate-legal-joe-biden-supreme-court-jacobson-massachusetts-boss-employer">legally allowed</a> to do that.</p> <p>“I think it’s very important. I think that’s the number one way to stay safe,” said Monica Gandhi, a physician and medical professor at the University of California San Francisco. “I’d encourage employers to do what we did in the state of California, which is to say we are requiring vaccination of our employees ... or if not, then you have to be tested.”</p> <p>New York followed suit, saying that city and state government employees <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/26/nyregion/covid-vaccine-ny-ca-mandatory.html">must get vaccinated or face weekly testing</a>. And the Biden administration <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/07/29/politics/joe-biden-vaccination-requirement-announcement/index.html">announced</a> on July 29 that every federal government employee will have to get vaccinated or will have to mask up on the job, physically distance from others, and get tested weekly or twice weekly.</p> <p>Popescu said a vaccination requirement is crucial to ensure office safety. Muge Cevik, a virologist and physician at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland, agreed that it’s very important, but stopped short of saying it should be absolutely required. “Some people say, ‘No jab, no job.’ I don’t think that’s fair,” she said. “I think people should be able to show a negative test result or immunity certificate” (that is, proof that you’ve already had Covid-19 and are no longer infectious).</p> <p>If you and everyone else in your office are vaccinated, that’s already the biggest, most important battle won.</p> <p>That said, if you’re looking to minimize risk further, look to your office’s ventilation. Gandhi emphasized that “in light of the delta variant, it is very important to have good ventilation even if your office requires vaccines,” adding that ventilation is that much more important if your office does not require vaccines.</p> <p>Covid-19 travels through the air, so your office should have a plan in place for how it’s going to ventilate (which means regularly replacing indoor air with fresh outdoor air) or filter (which means cleaning the indoor air).</p> <p>The most obvious way to ventilate, especially during the summer and early fall, is to keep windows open and keep doors open to outside hallways. Most office buildings have central HVAC systems, and a really good one will provide <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2779062">four to six air exchanges per hour</a> — meaning that every 10 or 15 minutes, the indoor air is being replaced by fresh air from outside.</p> <p>Not every building will be able to provide this. But there’s another alternative: filtering. If your office doesn’t have an adequate ventilation system in place, it should consider investing in a filter that can catch tiny particles in the air — ideally one with a MERV-13 designation or higher (the higher the MERV number, the better).</p> <p>Don’t be shy about asking your employer about their ventilation and filtration systems. “I recommend asking how many air exchanges occur per hour and if they’re using any additional filtration like a MERV-13 or if they’ve put HEPA filters in place,” Popescu said.</p> <p>Depending on the vaccination requirements in your office and your own risk assessment, you may also be considering getting a portable HEPA filter to place on or near your desk. Don’t bother with the filters that claim to kill viruses with ultraviolet or ionization; they’re unnecessary and sometimes ineffective, <a href="https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2020/8/19/21364031/coronavirus-air-purifiers-filter-hepa-merv-ventilation">experts say</a>. And bear in mind that although a HEPA can filter at least 99.97 percent of particles that are 0.3 microns in size, it’ll probably do a better job in a small conference room than in a big, open office space. In the latter case, Popescu said, “you having a small HEPA filter is helpful, but it’s not a risk eliminator.”</p> <p>If your office doesn’t require vaccinations, then some people there may be unvaccinated. According to the CDC and the experts I consulted, that means everybody should be wearing a mask in regions with substantial or high transmission (which includes most US counties at this point).</p> <p>“In a situation where an entire office is fully vaccinated, that’s a much safer situation to remove masks,” Popescu told me. But she added that with delta raging, there’s still a small chance of breakthrough infections. So she said we should be respectful of the fact that different people will make different personal decisions about masking based on their unique circumstances.</p> <p>“I would encourage people to be mindful of community transmission and risk tolerance, so if they have vulnerable people at home and they want to wear a mask in that space, they feel comfortable doing so,” she said.</p> <p>In terms of the community transmission part of that calculation, you may be wondering: How do I know what counts as a low community transmission rate, versus what counts as substantial enough to warrant more precautions? A recent <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7030e2.htm?s_cid=mm7030e2_w#T1_down">CDC report</a> spells this out: A substantial transmission rate is anything above 50 new cases per 100,000 people in the last seven days. (Note that 50 here is the cumulative total of new cases over seven days; it’s not the average daily number of cases.)</p> <p>“What that means is, say over the last seven days you had 10 cases per 100,000 people a day — then you’ve got 70, so you are at that substantial rate,” Gandhi explained.</p> <p>Another (potentially easier) metric to look at is your region’s test positivity rate: A rate of 8 percent or higher indicates substantial transmission, according to the CDC.</p> <p>You can easily check your county’s transmission and test positivity rates on the <a href="https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#county-view">CDC’s data tracker</a>. Note that if one metric is high and the other is low, the CDC says “the higher of the two should be used for decision-making.”</p> <p>One more thing to consider is spacing. Distancing from each other has been so drilled into our heads during the pandemic. But it’s somewhat less important in the office context than you think.</p> <p>To be clear, the number of people in a room (as well as the size of the room) does affect the level of risk; fewer people near you means fewer people who could potentially be infected and pass on the infection to you.</p> <p>“I think it’s somewhat important because we know from contact tracing studies that the closer you are to the infected person, the more likely you are to be infected,” Cevik said. However, she added that if employees are spending hours together in a workplace, proximity doesn’t matter as much. That’s because the virus travels, not just as large droplets, but also as tiny aerosols that can remain suspended in the air.</p> <p>As a result of that finding, “distancing now seems like it’s the least important of the three Covid-19 mitigation strategies of masking, ventilation, and distancing,” Gandhi said, citing a <a href="https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/cid/ciab230/6167856?searchresult=1">study</a> that found it didn’t make much difference when schools spaced out students by 6 feet versus 3 feet.</p> <p>Let’s be clear: Nobody’s saying that we shouldn’t bother to wash our hands or that offices shouldn’t bother to disinfect shared surfaces. But the experts I spoke to told me that this is about as important now as it was in a pre-Covid-19 world — when offices should have been disinfecting to prevent the spread of things like norovirus and the common cold.</p> <p>“That’s a helpful intervention strategy, but it’s not the main one. I view that as a regular office practice,” Popescu said.</p> <p>We’ve learned that surface transmission is not a primary way that Covid-19 spreads, so we shouldn’t obsess over <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/07/scourge-hygiene-theater/614599/">“hygiene theater”</a> — especially if it distracts us from paying attention to the more important mitigation strategies listed above.</p> <p>The same applies to physical barriers between workers. The experts were resoundingly clear on this one: Don’t bother. The virus’s ability to travel in aerosolized form means there’s pretty much no point.</p> <p>“If you’re spending a long time in an office space, you will be breathing in and out the air,” Cevik said. A barrier is, obviously, “not going to stop that.”</p> <p>Popescu added that the only time plexiglass barriers might be helpful is in scenarios when two people are briefly talking without masks on — when you’re buying something from a vendor, say — and the barrier provides a visual reminder to stay distant. But if you’re sitting amid your colleagues for hours at a stretch, is it worth putting up barriers? “I wouldn’t do that,” she said.</p> <p>She’d rather offices consider requiring vaccines, invest resources in improving ventilation, and create a process for notifying employees if there’s been an exposure at work and encouraging people to stay home if ever they test positive or have symptoms.</p> <br /> <br /> source <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/22598130/delta-variant-office-work-from-home-covid">https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/22598130/delta-variant-office-work-from-home-covid</a>

vox Delta is surging. Your boss wants you in the office. Is it safe?

If you’ve spent most of the Covid-19 pandemic working from home, the idea of going back to the office might make you nervous — especially a...

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Why can’t we sleep?

<div><img class="ff-og-image-inserted" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/GTGDNZQ2_F-34tXeH1mJ0RL6YTs=/0x38:1920x1043/fit-in/1200x630/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22741712/Sleep_Textless.png" /></div> <p>If you’ve ever traveled between distant time zones, you know how badly jet lag can throw your body out of whack. But if you’re usually tired when your alarm goes off each morning, you might be putting your body through that same kind of stress every day<em>.</em></p> <p>Sleep researchers call this phenomenon “social jetlag”: the mismatch between our daily schedules and the unique biological requirements of our internal clocks. The greater the gap between your “biological time” (the unique schedule when your body needs sleep) and your “social time” (the schedule you follow instead), the greater your risk for developing a slew of health problems. An estimated <a href="https://www.cell.com/current-biology/comments/S0960-9822(12)00325-9">two-thirds of people</a> experience an hour of social jetlag per week, and a third experience two or more — equivalent to flying from Los Angeles to Chicago every week.</p> <p>This misalignment is at the core of a public health crisis of sleep loss. Decades of research have linked insufficient sleep to higher rates of obesity, heart disease, and even Alzheimer’s and dementia. In the US, <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/sleep/index.html">a third of adults</a> report not getting enough sleep every night; for teenagers, it’s almost 70 percent.</p> <p>In this episode of <em>Glad You Asked</em>, we explore how biological rhythms shape our sleep schedules, and how sleep contributes to broader social disparities in health.</p> <p>You can find this video and all of Vox’s videos on YouTube. Subscribe for more.</p> <h4>Further reading</h4> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.prb.org/workingaroundtheclock/">A Demographic Profile of U.S. Workers Around the Clock</a>, Population Reference Bureau</li> <li>“<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4631795/">Sleep disparity, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic position</a>,” <em>Sleep Medicine</em></li> <li>“<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25772446/">Aligning work and circadian time in shift workers improves sleep and reduces circadian disruption</a>,” <em>Current Biology</em></li> <li>“<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4824552/">School Start Times, Sleep, Behavioral, Health, and Academic Outcomes: a Review of the Literature</a>,” <em>Journal of School Health</em></li> <li><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Why-We-Sleep-Unlocking-Dreams/dp/1501144324/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&keywords=why+we+sleep&qid=1620936130&sr=8-1" has-subtag="true" data-cdata='{"rewritten_url":"https://www.amazon.com/Why-We-Sleep-Unlocking-Dreams/dp/1501144324/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1\u0026keywords=why we sleep\u0026qid=1620936130\u0026sr=8-1\u0026ascsubtag=[]vx[p]22341504[m]m-placeholder[s]s-placeholder[t]w[c]c-placeholder[r]r-placeholder[d]d-placeholder","subtag_max_length":99,"subtag_delim_length":2,"subtag_key":"ascsubtag","subtag_data":{"dchild":"1","keywords":"why we sleep","qid":"1620936130","sr":"8-1","ascsubtag":"[]vx[p]22341504[m]m-placeholder[s]s-placeholder[t]w[c]c-placeholder[r]r-placeholder[d]d-placeholder"},"encode_subtag":false}'><em>Why We Sleep</em></a><em>,</em> by Matthew Walker</li> <li><a href="https://www.nigms.nih.gov/education/fact-sheets/Pages/circadian-rhythms.aspx">Circadian Rhythms</a>, National Institute of General Medical Sciences</li> </ul> <br /> <br /> source <a href="https://www.vox.com/22577463/night-owl-insomnia-circadian-rhythm">https://www.vox.com/22577463/night-owl-insomnia-circadian-rhythm</a>

vox Why can’t we sleep?

If you’ve ever traveled between distant time zones, you know how badly jet lag can throw your body out of whack. But if you’re usually tire...

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New York City Requires Covid Vaccine Passports for Guests To Enter Restaurants and Gyms

<div class="wp-block-image"> <figure class="aligncenter is-resized"><img alt="Mayor Bill De Blasio On Why New York City Is Suing 5 Major ..." height="498" loading="lazy" src="https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=http%3A%2F%2Fd279m997dpfwgl.cloudfront.net%2Fwp%2F2018%2F01%2F0111_de-blasio-1000x667.jpg&f=1&nofb=1" width="747" /> <figcaption>Mayor Bill de Blasio announced on Tuesday that New Yorkers will be required to show proof of vaccination to enter gyms, restaurants, and cinemas.</figcaption> </figure> </div> <p><strong>New York City has become the first city in America to demand that citizens prove their Covid-19 vaccination status to gain entry to restaurants, gyms, and cinemas.</strong></p> <p>Mayor Bill de Blasio announced the controversial mandate yesterday morning, hoping that the move will pressure people to get vaccinated. The program is similar to policies passed in France and Italy last month, and is set to begin later this month, and after a transition period, enforcement will start mid-September, when schools are expected to reopen and more workers could return to offices in Manhattan.</p> <p>At a news conference, Mayor de Blasio said: “It’s time for people to see vaccination as literally necessary to living a good and full and healthy life.</p> <p>“Not everyone is going to agree with this, I understand that. But for so many people, this is going to be a lifesaving act, that we are putting a mandate in place that is going to guarantee a much higher level of vaccination in this city. And that is the key to protecting people, and the key to our recovery.”</p> <p>According to de Blasio, about 66 percent of adults in New York have been fully vaccinated. After imposing another indoor mask mandate, the mayor is encouraging New Yorkers to mask up whilst ordering the “hesitant” to submit to the experimental jab to “keep others safe.”</p> <p>Currently, de Blasio is requiring city workers to get vaccinated or face weekly testing and is even offering a $100 bribe for the public.</p> <p>To enforce the new rule, New York City is introducing a “Key to NYC Pass” smartphone app whereby New Yorkers will be required to upload a photo of themselves along with proof of injection.</p> <p>The scheme will be fully implemented on September 13th, giving the unvaccinated around six weeks to get jabbed and upload proof into the system. Those who refuse will be barred from participating in society.</p> <p>Mayor de Blasio said at a news conference on Tuesday: “If you want to participate in our society fully, you’ve got to get vaccinated. It’s time.”</p> <p>The mainstream media is claiming that New York City is currently going through its “third wave” of Covid. Of course, whilst the vaccinated are catching and spreading the virus, the unvaccinated are being blamed for it.</p> <p>“There is a madness afoot here, sir, and only government can make a difference,” proclaimed New York State Sen. James Sanders Jr. of Southeast Queens about the rise in new “cases” that are being reported across the city. “Give me a better way, or support the mayor.”</p> <p>Of course, a better way would be to open up and get back to normal, ending the medical fascism. People should be encouraged to boost their natural immunity through a healthy diet, vitamin C, zinc, and by going outside in the sun, spending time with others. Unfortunately, there is no money to be made in being healthy so governments worldwide will opt for big pharma drugs and lockdowns.</p> <p>At the state level, Gov. Andrew Cuomo is calling on private businesses to voluntarily force their customers to show proof f injection prior to being served. “Vaccine-only admission”, as Cuomo is calling it, is the only way to help “flatten the curve” of new Covid cases.</p> <p>“I am asking them, and suggesting to them, to go to vaccine-only admission,” Cuomo stated. “I believe it’s in your business interest to run a vaccine-only establishment.”</p> <p><strong>Those in New York City will be allowed to show their Key to NYC Pass, the state’s “Excelsior” app, or a paper card issued from the vaccinator.</strong></p> <div class="wp-block-group" readability="3.3505535055351"> <div class="wp-block-group__inner-container" readability="4.6070110701107"> <hr class="wp-block-separator" /> <p class="has-text-align-center has-custom-font"><strong><a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/08/01/august-fundraising-campaign/"><span class="has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color">We urgently need your help!</span></a></strong><a 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readability="11.549019607843"> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__content" readability="11.921568627451"><time datetime="2021-08-04T10:56:56+01:00" class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__date">August 4, 2021</time><a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/08/04/serving-notices-liability-vaccinators-criminal-trials/" alt="Senior UK Lawyer discusses serving notices of liability on vaccinators and potential criminal trials for Crimes against Humanity">Senior UK Lawyer discusses serving notices of liability on vaccinators and potential criminal trials for Crimes against Humanity</a> <p>Anna de Buisseret is a senior UK lawyer and a retired Army …</p> </div> </div> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__item" readability="16.004651162791"> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__content" readability="16.520930232558"><time datetime="2021-08-04T10:11:41+01:00" class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__date">August 4, 2021</time><a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/08/04/first-autopsy-of-dead-person-vaccinated-for-covid-found-to-contain-spike-proteins-in-every-organ-of-body/" alt="First Autopsy of Dead Person Vaccinated for Covid Found to Contain Spike Proteins in Every Organ of Body">First Autopsy of Dead Person Vaccinated for Covid Found to Contain Spike Proteins in Every Organ of Body</a> <p>Researchers discovered that the now-deceased vaccinated patient's body was riddled with spike …</p> </div> </div> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__item" readability="11.16"> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__content" readability="11.52"><time datetime="2021-08-03T18:01:22+01:00" class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__date">August 3, 2021</time><a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/08/03/sage-document-admits-the-c19-vaccines-will-lead-to-a-variant-that-kills-35-of-people-because-the-vaccines-do-not-prevent-infection-or-transmission/" alt="Investigation – UK Gov. / SAGE document admits the Covid-19 Vaccines will lead to a variant that kills 35% of people because the jabs do not prevent infection or transmission">Investigation – UK Gov. / SAGE document admits the Covid-19 Vaccines will lead to a variant that kills 35% of people because the jabs do not prevent infection or transmission</a> <p>A document produced by the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies advising the …</p> </div> </div> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__item" readability="13.649289099526"> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__content" readability="14.502369668246"><time datetime="2021-08-03T15:12:43+01:00" class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__date">August 3, 2021</time><a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/08/03/contract-approved-to-use-toxic-graphene-oxide-for-water-treatment-in-uk-the-same-substance-found-in-covid-19-vaccines/" alt="Contract Approved to Use TOXIC Graphene Oxide for Water Treatment in UK – The Same Substance Found in Covid-19 Vaccines">Contract Approved to Use TOXIC Graphene Oxide for Water Treatment in UK – The Same Substance Found in Covid-19 Vaccines</a> <p>G2O Water Technologies, a UK technology business, has managed to get its …</p> </div> </div> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__item" readability="14.674556213018"> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__content" readability="15.147928994083"><time datetime="2021-08-03T11:40:25+01:00" class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__date">August 3, 2021</time><a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/08/03/uk-government-bribing-young-people-to-get-covid-vaccine-through-free-pizza-and-taxi-rides/" alt="UK Government Bribing Young People to Get Covid Vaccine Through Free Pizza and Taxi Rides">UK Government Bribing Young People to Get Covid Vaccine Through Free Pizza and Taxi Rides</a> <p>The UK government is hoping that free food and taxi rides will …</p> </div> </div> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__item" readability="14.903846153846"> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__content" readability="15.384615384615"><time datetime="2021-08-03T10:04:12+01:00" class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__date">August 3, 2021</time><a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/08/03/germanys-largest-newspaper-bild-apologises-for-harming-society-over-its-coverage-of-the-covid-19-pandemic/" alt="Germany’s Largest Newspaper BILD Apologises for Harming Society Over its Coverage of the Covid-19 Pandemic">Germany’s Largest Newspaper BILD Apologises for Harming Society Over its Coverage of the Covid-19 Pandemic</a> <p>Germany's largest newspaper BILD has apologised for their coverage of the Covid-19 …</p> </div> </div> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__item" readability="15.587570621469"> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__content" readability="16.090395480226"><time datetime="2021-08-02T22:39:35+01:00" class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__date">August 2, 2021</time><a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/08/02/64-percent-of-all-covid-19-deaths-since-february-were-people-whod-had-the-covid-19-injection/" alt="64% of all Covid-19 deaths since February were people who’d had the Covid-19 Injection">64% of all Covid-19 deaths since February were people who’d had the Covid-19 Injection</a> <p>A Public Health England report shows that people who'd had the Covid-19 …</p> </div> </div> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__item" readability="12.68776371308"> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__content" readability="13.097046413502"><time datetime="2021-08-02T21:25:55+01:00" class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__date">August 2, 2021</time><a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/08/02/nhs-staff-ordered-to-overdose-patients-with-midazolam-for-covid19/" alt="Midazolam was used to end the lives of thousands who you were told had died of Covid-19 & an NHS document proves Staff were ordered to do it">Midazolam was used to end the lives of thousands who you were told had died of Covid-19 & an NHS document proves Staff were ordered to do it</a> <p>An official NHS document proves that NHS staff were told respiratory depressing …</p> </div> </div> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__item" readability="16.167464114833"> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__content" readability="16.688995215311"><time datetime="2021-08-02T17:58:32+01:00" class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__date">August 2, 2021</time><a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/08/02/it-gets-worse-uk-gov-mhra-release-26th-report-on-adverse-reactions-to-the-covid-19-injections/" alt="It gets worse – UK Gov. / MHRA release 26th report on adverse reactions to the Covid-19 injections">It gets worse – UK Gov. / MHRA release 26th report on adverse reactions to the Covid-19 injections</a> <p>The UK Government have released their twenty-sixth report highlighting adverse reactions to …</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h3 class="jp-relatedposts-headline"><em>Related</em></h3> <br /> <br /> source <a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/08/04/new-york-city-requires-covid-vaccine-passports-for-guests-to-enter-restaurants-and-gyms/">https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/08/04/new-york-city-requires-covid-vaccine-passports-for-guests-to-enter-restaurants-and-gyms/</a>

revolution New York City Requires Covid Vaccine Passports for Guests To Enter Restaurants and Gyms

Mayor Bill de Blasio announced on Tuesday that New Yorkers will be required to show proof of vaccination to enter gyms, restaurants, and c...

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First Autopsy of Dead Person Vaccinated for Covid Found to Contain Spike Proteins in Every Organ of Body

<div class="wp-block-image"> <figure class="aligncenter"><img alt="Man In The Morgue Stock Photo - Download Image Now - iStock" src="https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.istockphoto.com%2Fphotos%2Fman-in-the-morgue-picture-id1094951748%3Fk%3D6%26m%3D1094951748%26s%3D170667a%26w%3D0%26h%3DPo0Qmd4_zwPHNLiaCBRnseEERByQ0gvq0YpBVzyYGr0%3D&f=1&nofb=1" /> <figcaption>Researchers discovered that the now-deceased vaccinated patient’s body was riddled with spike proteins in every organ of the body.</figcaption> </figure> </div> <p><strong>Researchers from Germany conducted the world’s first-ever postmortem study on a corpse that had been vaccinated against Covid-19 prior to their death. They discovered that every single organ of the deceased person’s body had become infested with spike proteins as a result of the vaccine.</strong></p> <p>The German scientific report titled <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8051011/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">“First case of postmortem study in a patient vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2”</a>, which was published in June 2021, examined the autopsy of an 86-year-old man who had received a single dose of the Covid-19 vaccine but died a month later after becoming infected with Coronavirus by a nearby patient at a hospital.</p> <p>According to the report, the man had a medical history including systemic arterial hypertension, chronic venous insufficiency, dementia, and prostate carcinoma.</p> <p>The report, which was published in the International Journal of Infectious Diseases, states that on January 9th, 20201, “the man received<strong> </strong>lipid nanoparticle-formulated, nucleoside-modified RNA vaccine BNT162b2 in a 30 μg dose.” Just 18 days after his dose of the vaccine, the man was admitted to the hospital for worsening diarrhea, where an “antigen test and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 were negative.”</p> <p>However, by day 25, the vaccinated patient tested positive for Covid-19, presumably from a nearby Covid-infected patient in the hospital, and he, unfortunately, died of kidney and respiratory failure the following day.</p> <p>According to the report, researchers found that the patient’s entire body had become overrun with high viral RNA loads, also known as vaccine-induced spike proteins.</p> <p>The study concluded: “In summary, the results of our autopsy case study in a patient with mRNA vaccine confirm the view that by first dose of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 immunogenicity can already be induced, while sterile immunity is not adequately developed.”</p> <p>In other words, whilst the Covid-19 vaccine triggered an immune response within the body, it did not seem to stop the spread of the virus throughout the body or the spike proteins that caused his organs to fail.</p> <p><strong>This bombshell study only confirms our worst fears that the Covid vaccine causes more harm than good, and may actually even accelerate the spread of the virus.</strong></p> <div class="wp-block-group" readability="3.3182674199623"> <div class="wp-block-group__inner-container" readability="4.5626177024482"> <hr class="wp-block-separator" /> <p class="has-text-align-center has-custom-font"><strong><a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/08/01/august-fundraising-campaign/"><span class="has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color">We urgently need your help!</span></a></strong><a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/08/01/august-fundraising-campaign/"><br /> <strong>Support for our Fundraiser has fallen</strong></a><br /> <a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/08/01/august-fundraising-campaign//"><strong>dramatically</strong></a> <a 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https://i1.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-166.png?resize=300%2C80&ssl=1 300w" width="187" /></a></figure> </div> <hr class="wp-block-separator" /> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel"> <div class="coblocks-slick pb-8" data-slick='{"slidesToScroll":1,"arrow":true,"slidesToShow":3,"infinite":true,"adaptiveHeight":false,"draggable":true,"rtl":false,"responsive":[{"breakpoint":1024,"settings":{"slidesToShow":3}},{"breakpoint":600,"settings":{"slidesToShow":2}},{"breakpoint":480,"settings":{"slidesToShow":1}}]}'> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__item" readability="15.228070175439"> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__content" readability="15.719298245614"><time datetime="2021-08-04T11:17:57+01:00" class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__date">August 4, 2021</time><a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/08/04/new-york-city-requires-covid-vaccine-passports-for-guests-to-enter-restaurants-and-gyms/" alt="New York City Requires Covid Vaccine Passports for Guests To Enter Restaurants and Gyms">New York City Requires Covid Vaccine Passports for Guests To Enter Restaurants and Gyms</a> <p>Mayor Bill de Blasio announced on Tuesday that New Yorkers will be …</p> </div> </div> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__item" readability="11.549019607843"> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__content" readability="11.921568627451"><time datetime="2021-08-04T10:56:56+01:00" class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__date">August 4, 2021</time><a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/08/04/serving-notices-liability-vaccinators-criminal-trials/" alt="Senior UK Lawyer discusses serving notices of liability on vaccinators and potential criminal trials for Crimes against Humanity">Senior UK Lawyer discusses serving notices of liability on vaccinators and potential criminal trials for Crimes against Humanity</a> <p>Anna de Buisseret is a senior UK lawyer and a retired Army …</p> </div> </div> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__item" readability="11.16"> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__content" readability="11.52"><time datetime="2021-08-03T18:01:22+01:00" class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__date">August 3, 2021</time><a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/08/03/sage-document-admits-the-c19-vaccines-will-lead-to-a-variant-that-kills-35-of-people-because-the-vaccines-do-not-prevent-infection-or-transmission/" alt="Investigation – UK Gov. / SAGE document admits the Covid-19 Vaccines will lead to a variant that kills 35% of people because the jabs do not prevent infection or transmission">Investigation – UK Gov. / SAGE document admits the Covid-19 Vaccines will lead to a variant that kills 35% of people because the jabs do not prevent infection or transmission</a> <p>A document produced by the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies advising the …</p> </div> </div> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__item" readability="13.649289099526"> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__content" readability="14.502369668246"><time datetime="2021-08-03T15:12:43+01:00" class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__date">August 3, 2021</time><a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/08/03/contract-approved-to-use-toxic-graphene-oxide-for-water-treatment-in-uk-the-same-substance-found-in-covid-19-vaccines/" alt="Contract Approved to Use TOXIC Graphene Oxide for Water Treatment in UK – The Same Substance Found in Covid-19 Vaccines">Contract Approved to Use TOXIC Graphene Oxide for Water Treatment in UK – The Same Substance Found in Covid-19 Vaccines</a> <p>G2O Water Technologies, a UK technology business, has managed to get its …</p> </div> </div> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__item" readability="14.674556213018"> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__content" readability="15.147928994083"><time datetime="2021-08-03T11:40:25+01:00" class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__date">August 3, 2021</time><a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/08/03/uk-government-bribing-young-people-to-get-covid-vaccine-through-free-pizza-and-taxi-rides/" alt="UK Government Bribing Young People to Get Covid Vaccine Through Free Pizza and Taxi Rides">UK Government Bribing Young People to Get Covid Vaccine Through Free Pizza and Taxi Rides</a> <p>The UK government is hoping that free food and taxi rides will …</p> </div> </div> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__item" readability="14.903846153846"> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__content" readability="15.384615384615"><time datetime="2021-08-03T10:04:12+01:00" class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__date">August 3, 2021</time><a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/08/03/germanys-largest-newspaper-bild-apologises-for-harming-society-over-its-coverage-of-the-covid-19-pandemic/" alt="Germany’s Largest Newspaper BILD Apologises for Harming Society Over its Coverage of the Covid-19 Pandemic">Germany’s Largest Newspaper BILD Apologises for Harming Society Over its Coverage of the Covid-19 Pandemic</a> <p>Germany's largest newspaper BILD has apologised for their coverage of the Covid-19 …</p> </div> </div> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__item" readability="15.587570621469"> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__content" readability="16.090395480226"><time datetime="2021-08-02T22:39:35+01:00" class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__date">August 2, 2021</time><a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/08/02/64-percent-of-all-covid-19-deaths-since-february-were-people-whod-had-the-covid-19-injection/" alt="64% of all Covid-19 deaths since February were people who’d had the Covid-19 Injection">64% of all Covid-19 deaths since February were people who’d had the Covid-19 Injection</a> <p>A Public Health England report shows that people who'd had the Covid-19 …</p> </div> </div> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__item" readability="12.68776371308"> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__content" readability="13.097046413502"><time datetime="2021-08-02T21:25:55+01:00" class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__date">August 2, 2021</time><a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/08/02/nhs-staff-ordered-to-overdose-patients-with-midazolam-for-covid19/" alt="Midazolam was used to end the lives of thousands who you were told had died of Covid-19 & an NHS document proves Staff were ordered to do it">Midazolam was used to end the lives of thousands who you were told had died of Covid-19 & an NHS document proves Staff were ordered to do it</a> <p>An official NHS document proves that NHS staff were told respiratory depressing …</p> </div> </div> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__item" readability="16.167464114833"> <div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__content" readability="16.688995215311"><time datetime="2021-08-02T17:58:32+01:00" class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__date">August 2, 2021</time><a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/08/02/it-gets-worse-uk-gov-mhra-release-26th-report-on-adverse-reactions-to-the-covid-19-injections/" alt="It gets worse – UK Gov. / MHRA release 26th report on adverse reactions to the Covid-19 injections">It gets worse – UK Gov. / MHRA release 26th report on adverse reactions to the Covid-19 injections</a> <p>The UK Government have released their twenty-sixth report highlighting adverse reactions to …</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h3 class="jp-relatedposts-headline"><em>Related</em></h3> <br /> <br /> source <a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/08/04/first-autopsy-of-dead-person-vaccinated-for-covid-found-to-contain-spike-proteins-in-every-organ-of-body/">https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/08/04/first-autopsy-of-dead-person-vaccinated-for-covid-found-to-contain-spike-proteins-in-every-organ-of-body/</a>

revolution First Autopsy of Dead Person Vaccinated for Covid Found to Contain Spike Proteins in Every Organ of Body

Researchers discovered that the now-deceased vaccinated patient’s body was riddled with spike proteins in every organ of the body. Rese...

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Roadside Bomb Blast In Afghan Capital Wounds Three: Police

<div class="ins_instory_dv"> <div class="ins_instory_dv_cont"><img alt="Roadside Bomb Blast In Afghan Capital Wounds Three: Police" src="https://i.ndtvimg.com/i/2018-03/police-generic-international-afp_650x400_41520126059.jpg" title="Roadside Bomb Blast In Afghan Capital Wounds Three: Police" /></div> <p class="ins_instory_dv_caption sp_b">The blast "occurred near the Ministry of Martyrs and Disabled" offices, police said (Representational)</p> </div> <b class="place_cont">Kabul, Afghanistan:</b> <p>A roadside blast in Kabul wounded three people on Wednesday, police said, a day after a deadly attack targeted the country's defence minister and lawmakers in the Afghan capital.</p> <p>The blast "occurred near the Ministry of Martyrs and Disabled" offices, police spokesman Ferdaws Faramarz told AFP.</p> <p><i>(This story has not been edited by NDTV staff and is auto-generated from a syndicated feed.)</i></p> <br /> <br /> source <a href="https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/roadside-bomb-blast-in-afghan-capital-wounds-three-police-2502175">https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/roadside-bomb-blast-in-afghan-capital-wounds-three-police-2502175</a>

news world Roadside Bomb Blast In Afghan Capital Wounds Three: Police

The blast "occurred near the Ministry of Martyrs and Disabled" offices, police said (Representational) Kabul, Afghanistan: A ...

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