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The harrowing new reality for Alzheimer’s patients

<p><a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/22524608/new-alzheimers-drug-cost-fda-approval-biogen">Alzheimer’s disease</a> is, among all the ailments that afflict humanity, perhaps the most terrifying: a disease that robs a person of their identity and disintegrates their relationships; for which there is no proven treatment or cure; and that can last for years, requiring enormous sums of money to ensure that many patients have specialized or round-the-clock care.</p>
<p>And it all leads toward an inevitable destination: death. Because this is also a disease with a 100 percent fatality rate.</p>
<p>That is the reality that millions of Americans and their families are currently confronting, and that millions have before them. They are the people at the center of the fight over <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/22524608/new-alzheimers-drug-cost-fda-approval-biogen">the FDA’s controversial approval of Aduhelm</a>, the first new Alzheimer’s drug in decades.</p>
<p>The FDA approved Aduhelm over the objections of its own scientific advisers, who said the mixed evidence of its benefits did not outweigh the known risks. The agency has now <a href="https://www.statnews.com/2021/07/09/fda-investigation-alzheimers-drug-approval/?utm_source=STAT+Newsletters&utm_campaign=972fd2c048-breaking_COPY_01&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_8cab1d7961-972fd2c048-149950633">called for an independent investigator</a> to probe the approval process. Medicare has begun a months-long process to decide whether it should cover Aduhelm and for whom, and several private health insurers <a href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/2021/07/13/business/this-is-unprecedented-several-private-insurers-wont-cover-biogens-alzheimers-drug/?event=event25">have said</a> they won’t cover the drug, given the limited evidence of its effectiveness. Last week, the Cleveland Clinic and Mount Sinai, two of the best-known hospital systems in the US, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/14/health/cleveland-clinic-aduhelm.html">said</a> they wouldn’t administer it for the same reason.</p>
<p>This isn’t an unprecedented situation — the FDA has approved treatments with shaky evidence for <a href="https://www.bmj.com/content/355/bmj.i6568">some cancers</a> and for <a href="https://www.statnews.com/pharmalot/2016/09/19/sarepta-wins-dmd-drug-approval/">muscular dystrophy</a> — but this time is especially fraught.</p>
<p>One reason is the nature of the disease itself; how it erodes a person’s autonomy. People are desperate for any way to slow it down.</p>
<p>“‘I can’t read a book.’ ‘I can’t make a meal for my friends.’ I think that’s what’s uniquely devastating about the disease,” said Jason Karlawish, a practicing physician and researcher who published <a href="https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250218742"><em>The Problem of Alzheimer’s</em></a> earlier this year. “You meet someone who has the disease and they are not the same. Is what’s coming out of them still their mind or is it the disease talking?”</p>
<p>The other is the breadth of the population affected: <a href="https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/facts-figures">the 6 million Americans</a> who have been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s and their families, and a much broader group who have reason to fear that they might someday have it, too. As many as 47 million Americans could be living with preclinical iterations of the disease, according to <a href="https://alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1016/j.jalz.2018.03.005">one estimate</a> from researchers at UCLA, although not all of them will end up experiencing the dementia that is its hallmark.</p>
<p>Emily Largent, a medical professor who works at the Penn Memory Center and has conducted interviews with people who discover they may be at higher risk of the disease, remembers vividly how one of her subjects described the distinctive horror of Alzheimer’s.</p>
<p>“A colonoscopy isn’t going to change who I am,” the person said. “But this is my brain.”</p>
<p>Alzheimer’s disease throws patients and families into a unique cloud of uncertainty. The disease itself is not well understood and can be confused for other conditions. They can’t know how quickly it will progress or how many more lucid moments the patient will have. They have to rethink the rest of their lives.</p>
<p>Now they face only more uncertainty surrounding a new FDA-approved drug coming to market that may not actually be effective.</p>
<p>Five years ago, Sarah Gilbert started noticing something was off with her mom.</p>
<p>At first, it was little things, like forgetting her car keys. But then one day, Gilbert went to pick up her mom for their lunch date and she didn’t show; she finally found her mom wandering aimlessly around her home in central Oregon. The episode launched a five-year odyssey of doctor appointments, misdiagnoses, and ineffective medications that finally concluded this summer with a verdict: Her mom, now 72, likely has Alzheimer’s disease.</p>
<p>“The first couple days, I felt like a shell of my own self. Why us? Why me? It’s not fair,” she told me. “It felt like it came out of the blue.”</p>
<p>Her family had to figure out what to do, but there was so much they didn’t know and couldn’t know yet. Her parents had planned well financially for their retirement, but they hadn’t planned for this. Gilbert fears that her dad “is going to work himself into the ground worrying about the financial stuff.”</p>
<p>Gilbert is also a nurse, and as much as she wanted answers, she already knew Alzheimer’s disease defies them. Science has made strides in identifying the biological markers in the brain that would indicate a person is at higher risk of Alzheimer’s disease, but there is still a long way to go.</p>
<p>“I need to know why this is happening ... But they just don’t know. There’s just so much gray,” Gilbert said. “[The doctor] has not been able to tell me, ‘She’s going to live 10 years,’ or, ‘She’s going to be at this cognitive level for three years.’ ”</p>
<p>A <a href="https://www.alz.org/media/Documents/alzheimers-facts-and-figures.pdf">2021 report</a> from the Alzheimer’s Association ticks through a dozen risk factors for the disease, ranging from age (the most important one) and family history (important, but not definitive) to cardiovascular health and diet. Even education and social engagement might contribute.</p>
<p>But each risk factor comes with uncertainty, and many people do not know pertinent information about their own risk. Gilbert said her mother didn’t have a relationship with her own biological father, and although they do not know his diagnosis, the family recently learned that he died in a memory care unit, the last stop for many Alzheimer’s patients.</p>
<p>The disease also progresses differently for every person. The symptoms can be wide-ranging and personality changes can be unpredictable. Even a newly diagnosed patient who previously cared for a loved one with the disease, intimately familiar with its horrors — a fairly common occurrence, according to people who work with those patients — may not have the same experience their family member did.</p>
<p>For all these reasons, learning you may be at a higher risk of Alzheimer’s disease can feel even more traumatic than learning about your risk of other conditions.</p>
<p>“People say this is different than other medical tests. They feel like it has unique implications for their sense of identity,” Largent said. ”If you have diabetes, you can take insulin. But when it gets to Alzheimer’s disease, there’s not a lot that can be done. People are very aware of that.”</p>
<p>They worry about stigma, from employers and strangers, even from their families. That stigma has been reinforced by the perception that Alzheimer’s disease is a mystery. Until recently, a doctor couldn’t even be sure their patient had the disease until the person died and their brain could be examined.</p>
<p>“I know you have a disease in your brain, but I can’t tell you for sure until you’re dead,” Karlawish said. “It was kind of a gothic horror story.”</p>
<p>Patients also worry at the same time about becoming a burden on the family and about the costs, financial and emotional, their family will have to bear in caring for them.</p>
<p>According to the Alzheimer’s Association, the average annual out-of-pocket costs for Medicare beneficiaries with Alzheimer’s or other dementia add up to more than $11,500 a year. If a patient requires care at a long-term care facility, Medicare doesn’t cover it, and Medicaid won’t either until the person spends all of their assets so they will qualify for that means-tested program.</p>
<p>Those are the financial burdens. The emotional toll is unquantifiable.</p>
<p>“It’s torturous to many caregivers,” Alison Lynn, who works with and counsels caregivers at the Penn Memory Center, told me. She described what’s known in the field as “ambiguous loss,” a term initially created to describe the confusing kind of grief families would feel if a loved one died overseas in war and their body was never returned.</p>
<p>Now it is often applied to the families of Alzheimer’s patients, who have to endure the inverse of that wartime trauma.</p>
<p>“We have people here in body. A lot of them look totally normal,” Lynn said. “But their spirit is gone.”</p>
<p>Early in her mom’s disease, before they even knew it was Alzheimer’s, Sarah Gilbert asked her mom to knit her a quilt. Her mom was an artist; it was the kind of thing she’d always loved to do, and Gilbert thought it would bring some relief from the memory lapses she was experiencing.</p>
<p>But her mother quickly grew frustrated as she struggled with basic tasks like picking out fabrics.</p>
<p>“It got to the point where she was almost angry with me,” Gilbert said. “I think she was dealing with her own denial. She couldn’t accept the fact that she was declining.”</p>
<p>This unique unknowability of Alzheimer’s disease also laid the groundwork for the controversial approval of Aduhelm last month, something that experts worry will only add to the anxieties of patients and families.</p>
<p>The science upon which the Biogen drug is based is known as the amyloid hypothesis. It holds that plaque in the brain found in Alzheimer’s patients is at least in part responsible for the disease and that therefore removing the plaque could help relieve patients’ symptoms. As recently as two years ago, when Biogen halted its clinical trials for Aduhelm because of the poor initial evidence, scientists <a href="https://www.statnews.com/2019/06/25/alzheimers-cabal-thwarted-progress-toward-cure/">were questioning</a> whether the amyloid hypothesis was actually wrong, given how much time had passed without a treatment being found.</p>
<p>The company later concluded, through <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-01546-2">questionable methodology</a>, that a certain subset of patients had seen a benefit from taking the drug and pushed ahead for approval, which was granted in June.</p>
<p>But any relief for patients or families that might have been provided by the Aduhelm approval was quickly undercut by the controversy.</p>
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<figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">A view of the Biogen Inc. headquarters in Cambridge, Massachusetts on August 5, 2016.</span></figcaption>
<span class="e-image__meta"><cite>Scott Eisen/Bloomberg via Getty Images</cite></span></figure>
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<figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">Biogen associates at work on April 25, 2013.</span></figcaption>
<span class="e-image__meta"><cite>Suzanne Kreiter/The Boston Globe via Getty Images</cite></span></figure>
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<p>Medicare announced last week it would take the unusual step of undergoing a “national coverage determination,” a nine-month process to decide whether to cover Aduhelm and for which patients. Some experts I’ve spoken to think Medicare, which faces billions of dollars in costs because of the drug’s $56,000 price tag, shouldn’t cover it at all. Even advocates for Alzheimer’s patients who supported the drug’s approval worry some patients will need to spend as much as $10,000 of their own money to access it.</p>
<p>This morass has left patients and families struggling to make sense of the news. For her part, Gilbert said after reading more about the drug, she decided it wasn’t the right move for her mom. A conversation with their neurologist confirmed her decision. But it was still a bit of emotional whiplash.</p>
<p>“It was like having the rug pulled out from under you because you want some hope,” she told me. “But then you get down to the nitty-gritty and you’re back to square one.”</p>
<p>Lynn described to me a recent caregiver support group she led where family members appeared bitterly divided over what to do about Aduhelm. About half of them, she said, were enthusiastic, even after reading the negative news coverage and seeing the concerns about the drug’s unproven effectiveness.</p>
<p>“Their hope and the adrenaline of that hope outweighs all of their reason and they are clamoring for the drug,” Lynn said. “But there was an equal number of people who are angry as hell about this.”</p>
<p>Those people felt Biogen was preying on people’s desperation. Some of them were also caring for patients who would never benefit from Biogen’s drug, even if it did prove to be effective, because the disease has already progressed too far. But they still have the same problems in caring for their loved one and covering the cost of care that they did before.</p>
<p>This is how Lynn characterized their attitude: “Why is this $50,000 being thrown at this thing that’s not evidence-based when we have all these other needs?”</p>
<p>Karlawish told me he believed the FDA should not have approved the drug. When his patients ask him about it, he walks through the circuitous path to approval and he is frank about the uncertain benefits and the risks. He said that, ideally, no one would take the drug without an informed consent form, as part of a clinical trial.</p>
<p>But he also said that if, having heard all the information he has to provide, the patient decides they want to try it, he will be a reluctant prescriber. The disease is already robbing the person of their agency. He won’t do the same.</p>
<p>“I’m gonna have to respect that,” Karlawish said, “out of respect of their autonomy.”</p>
<p>So the struggle is far from over for Alzheimer’s patients, their families, and their doctors. Gilbert is trying to hold onto the small moments of clarity her mom still enjoys, knowing they are fleeting. The other weekend, their family gathered together to process the news of her mother’s diagnosis and to enjoy each other’s company, to have what they hoped would be one more good day.</p>
<p>She had teased her mom earlier in the day about a funky pair of sunglasses she was wearing and was heartened when, later that night, her mom texted her a picture with 10 pairs of “ridiculous” sunglasses she had pulled out of the closet. “Are any of these gonna work for you?” her mom quipped.</p>
<p>“That connection is still there,” Gilbert said. “It might be fleeting, but she’s still here.”</p>
<p>Yet the fear and pain are ever present — “a chronic dull ache,” as she put it.</p>
<p>For people who spend a lot of time around Alzheimer’s patients, every encounter is a reminder that, unless our understanding and treatment of the disease improve dramatically over the coming years, what they are seeing may be a window into their own future.</p>
<p>“It would be hard to not feel that way,” Lynn said. “Whenever we get a former social worker, I have this feeling of, ‘That could be you in 30 or 40 years.’”</p>
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source <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/22577776/alzheimers-disease-dementia-symptoms-aduhelm-drug">https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/22577776/alzheimers-disease-dementia-symptoms-aduhelm-drug</a>

vox The harrowing new reality for Alzheimer’s patients

Alzheimer’s disease is, among all the ailments that afflict humanity, perhaps the most terrifying: a disease that robs a person of their id...

Gen Z doesn’t know a world without fast fashion

<p>Millions of Americans, specifically those born around or after the year 2000, have never inhabited a world without fast fashion. They became shoppers at the height of its boom: Retailers like ASOS drop at least <a href="https://www.glossy.co/ecommerce/asoss-product-strategy-5000-new-styles-a-week-more-in-house-designs/">5,000 new styles a week</a>, and Shein offers <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/isisbriones/2020/05/08/shein-together-katy-perry-yara-shahidi/?sh=5184dd0c3901">700 to 1,000 new styles daily</a>. And while these young shoppers are increasingly wary of the evils of fast fashion, they have little room to protest. They buy what’s available, and what’s available is generally fast.</p>
<p>This pace is a relatively modern innovation. Garment production has quietly accelerated to breakneck speeds over the past three decades, easing young and old consumers into thinking of their clothes as disposable. It began in the 1990s, so the story goes, when the founder of Zara spun the fast fashion wheel into motion. Zara abandoned the concept of fashion seasons for the thrill of constant novelty.</p>
<p>A confluence of factors prompted Western designers and retailers — H&M, Forever 21, Gap, to name a few — to follow Zara’s lead in the next decade. Retailers migrated their manufacturing process overseas, where labor was cheaper. Cheaper was better, of course, from a business perspective. It was a period of excess for both consumers and retailers. Profits soared, and the number of garments produced from 2000 to 2014 doubled to 100 billion a year. The dream of “instant fashion” pioneered by Zara became a reality, and things were only about to get faster.</p>
<p>Towards the tail-end of the 2010s, <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2021/03/ultra-fast-fashion-is-eating-the-world/617794/">“ultra-fast” fashion brands</a> emerged as viable competitors to the dominant fashion empires of the previous decade. They have names like Boohoo, Fashion Nova, Shein, and Princess Polly, and reached millions of young shoppers through social media, whereas fast fashion’s old guard resided in brick-and-mortar stores.</p>
<p>These retailers have now turned their attention towards Generation Z — the new kids on the block who’ve recently come of spending age. According to Pew Research, members of this demographic were born between the years 1997 and 2010, and grew up under the looming threat of climate change. Gen Z can’t imagine a world without fast fashion because they were born into its heyday. From 2000 to 2014, the average price of clothing <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/29/fashion/29PRICE.html">declined in spite of inflation</a>. Young people are conditioned to accept low prices as the norm; some even rely on these depressed costs to access trendy clothes. Why pay more when you can buy a brand new T-shirt for $5, a dress for $20, or a pair of jeans for $30?</p>
<p>Yet, marketing research and surveys have found that most young consumers care about sustainability. They are <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22396051/thrift-store-hauls-ethics-depop">avid thrift store-goers</a> and <a data-cdata="{"rewritten_url":"https://go.redirectingat.com?id=66960X1516588\u0026xs=1\u0026url=https://www.thredup.com/resale/\u0026referrer=vox.com\u0026sref=https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2021/7/19/22535050/gen-z-relationship-fast-fashion\u0026xcust=___vx__p_22299091__m_m-placeholder__s_s-placeholder__t_w__c_c-placeholder__r_r-placeholder__d_d-placeholder","subtag_max_length":50,"subtag_delim_length":3,"subtag_key":"xcust","subtag_data":{"id":"66960X1516588","xs":"1","url":"https://www.thredup.com/resale/","referrer":"vox.com","sref":"https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2021/7/19/22535050/gen-z-relationship-fast-fashion","xcust":"___vx__p_22299091__m_m-placeholder__s_s-placeholder__t_w__c_c-placeholder__r_r-placeholder__d_d-placeholder"},"encode_subtag":false}" has-subtag="true" href="https://go.redirectingat.com/?id=66960X1516588&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thredup.com%2Fresale%2F&referrer=vox.com&sref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2Fthe-goods%2F2021%2F7%2F19%2F22535050%2Fgen-z-relationship-fast-fashion" rel="sponsored nofollow noopener" target="_blank">secondhand shoppers</a>. Gen Z wants similar commitments from the companies they buy from and aren’t afraid to demand it. This has fueled an oft-repeated narrative that Gen Z’s green habits have <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/gen-z-shopping-habits-kill-brands-2019-7">“killed”</a> or <a href="https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2020/10/10014753/thrifting-gen-z-thrift-shopping-trend">significantly slowed down</a> fast fashion’s global expansion. While fast fashion is a relatively young phenomenon, it’s part of a centuries-old industry that has adjusted to its current pace of growth.</p>
<p>Major retailers are <a href="https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/sustainability/why-big-brands-are-investing-in-sustainability-start-ups">investing in sustainable technologies</a> to bulk up their business portfolios. They’ve pledged to be more sustainable and resourceful in public campaigns. They haven’t, however, pledged to make less. Even if the materials and labor used to produce fashion are marginally better, it does little to offset the clothing consumption cycle Gen Z was born into. In reality, the corporate vice-grip of fast fashion is hard to escape, even for a generation made keenly aware of its environmental implications.</p>
<p>Gen Z certainly isn’t the only group buying from these companies or responsible for their continued success (“Most people in the Global North have worn fast fashion in some capacity in the last two decades,” said Aja Barber, a sustainable fashion writer and critic). They are, however, the first to do so during adolescence as a matter of course. They have to navigate a world in which trends are more accessible than ever. And these questions they face of personal responsibility and overconsumption have remained unanswered and unsolved by older generations.</p>
<hr class="p-entry-hr" />
<p>Sixteen-year-old Maddie Bialek does her best to avoid fast fashion, but she can’t remember a time without plentiful, cheaply-produced clothes. When Bialek was born in 2005, the likes of Zara, Forever 21, and H&M were annually raking in billions of dollars in sales, and proliferating in malls across America and the world. The ultra-fast fashion brands most shoppers Bialek’s age would recognize either were in their infant days or had yet to exist at all. But the speedy groundwork for their later success was firmly established in the aughts.</p>
<p>Bialek is, in many ways, not your typical teenage shopper. She doesn’t buy from resale sites like Depop or Poshmark, and instead mends and crafts her own clothes, usually from secondhand fabrics sourced from local thrift stores. She comes from a family of artists, who instilled within her a do-it-yourself attitude that ultimately led her to reject the premise of fast fashion — that clothes are inherently disposable. “Ever since I’ve started to make and sell my own clothes, I’ve started looking at prices more critically,” Bialek told me. “If I see a new dress for $16, that makes me think someone along that supply chain who made it or transported it might not be paid well or treated fairly.”</p>
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<figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">Maddie Bialek began crafting most of her clothes as a teenager, a hobby that has helped her assess firsthand clothing prices more critically.</span></figcaption>
<span class="e-image__meta"><cite>Maddie Bialek</cite></span></figure>
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<p>She added that she “isn’t always perfect,” and could make improvements in other aspects of her life, such as reducing plastic waste. But as a high-schooler, it requires a conscious effort on Bialek’s part to resist buying what everyone else is wearing. Social media might be a democratizing force for fashion, but it’s also an accelerator. Teenagers are a prime consumer market for brands, who are able to target age demographics in social media ads. Plus, the integration of <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22412098/social-commerce-explainer">“social commerce”</a> onto platforms like Instagram and TikTok further blurs the lines between scrolling and shopping: Users don’t have to head to a retail site to intentionally browse. Their social media feeds are frequently encouraging them to buy through direct advertisements, influencers, or even their peers.</p>
<p>That’s how Shein, the Chinese ultra-fast fashion retailer, became one of the most recognizable retailers for young female shoppers. The US is the brand’s <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/markfaithfull/2021/02/10/shein-is-chinas-mysterious-15-billion-fast-fashion-retailer-ready-for-stores/?sh=2bf9462c6df5">largest consumer market</a>, due to a successful blend of Instagram and TikTok marketing, low prices, and a trend-forward approach. “Most of my friends buy from Shein,” said Chelsea, a 17-year-old from California, who asked to withhold her last name for privacy reasons. “It’s not my favorite place to shop, but their selection is very trendy and affordable, so if I ever need an outfit for a special event, I tend to look for it there.”</p>
<p>Shein’s advertising strategy is notoriously persistent and ubiquitous across all social platforms. There was a brief period when Chelsea would encounter Shein content wherever she went online. It became impossible to avoid the company. On TikTok, the hashtags #Shein and #SheinHaul boast billions of views, with buyers regularly showing off hundreds of dollars worth of clothes in try-on hauls, essentially serving as free marketing for the brand.</p>
<p>Chelsea occasionally shops secondhand, but she turns to fast fashion sites when she needs a specific item of clothing, like a graduation dress or a halter top. “When you go to a thrift store, you don’t always know what you’re going to find, which can be fun,” she said. “It’s a lot harder to find a specific style you want in a thrift store, especially during the pandemic.”</p>
<p>Resale apps like Depop and Poshmark have popularized secondhand or vintage buying and selling. Yet, their existence isn’t enough to curtail Gen Z’s enthusiasm towards well-known brands — even those with sustainable shortcomings. According to a <a href="https://www.pipersandler.com/1col.aspx?id=6216">survey of 7,000 teenagers</a> by the investment firm Piper Sandler, Amazon is one of the most popular online shopping sites teens turn to for clothes and other miscellaneous items. A few ultra-fast fashion retailers like Shein and Princess Polly were also labeled as Gen Z favorites on the survey, competing with established brands like Nike, American Eagle, and Lululemon.</p>
<p>Like many ideas on the internet, the phrase, “There is no ethical consumption under capitalism,” has been boiled into a pithy <a href="https://twitter.com/legalhorchata/status/1359314955690909699">punchline</a>, stripped of its original anti-capitalist meaning. “People are justifying why they spent hundreds of dollars on new clothes with this phrase they really don’t understand,” explained Shreya Karnik, the 16-year-old cofounder of the publication Voices of Gen Z. “Well, yes, ethical consumption is hard, but that doesn’t mean you should just drop $500 on fast fashion.” For Karnik and her cofounder Saanvi Shetty, the goal is to shop more intentionally, although they’re aware their personal styles might evolve as they grow older.</p>
<p>While the statement’s meaning has been defanged by TikTok teens, it’s rooted in a general truth, especially when it comes to fashion. Fast fashion is, to put it bluntly, the product of a system that prizes profit over workers’ rights and environmental effects. To be clear, most luxury and mall brand companies are <a href="https://www.workersrights.org/issues/covid-19/tracker/">no better than fast fashion</a> when it comes to this. (During the onset of the pandemic last spring, retailers like American Eagle and Urban Outfitters cancelled garment orders last-minute and refused to pay workers for their completed labor.)</p>
<p>To be a consumer requires some level of mental separation from the clothing production process. Executives know that sustainability doesn’t scale, at least not quickly enough or to achieve a billion-dollar business model. As a result, clothing supply chains have become so opaque to allow retailers to maximize profit, and it has been decades since a majority of American-designed clothes were actually made in America. Ethical consumption simply isn’t a facet of the modern fashion ecosystem.</p>
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<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p lang="en" dir="ltr" xml:lang="en">‘no ethical consumption under capitalism’ isn’t an excuse for £100+ worth of shein hauls bestie <3</p>
— kim (@kimchrstina) <a href="https://twitter.com/kimchrstina/status/1375784639063818242?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">March 27, 2021</a></blockquote>
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<p>Last May, two researchers from Denmark, Nikolas Ronholt and Malthe Overgaard, published a study titled <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341756158_An_Exploratory_Study_The_Fast_Fashion_Paradox">“The Fast Fashion Paradox.”</a> The pair surveyed consumers between the ages of 22 and 25, and completed one-on-one interviews with respondents to understand why the participants kept purchasing fast fashion, despite their own desires to be more sustainable.</p>
<p>“What intrigued us was how the consumers said they cared about sustainability, but that care did not translate into their actual purchasing behavior,” Overgaard told me. “There was a major gap there. It’s become trendy to label yourself as a sustainable consumer, but it’s another thing to see it reflected in your behavior.”</p>
<p>This paradox is particularly evident in the comments section of clothing hauls on TikTok, where a few commentators would urge haulers to shop more sustainably, only for others to defend the purchase. In one Shein haul <a href="https://vm.tiktok.com/ZMeGWMnyf/">video</a> with 500,000 likes, a user commented that they were bothered by how Shein packages each item in individual plastic bags. The creator of the video responded in agreement saying, “It is such a waste, I wish they wouldn’t :(“ The response set off a series of comments asking why she bought from Shein if she cared about packaging waste.</p>
<p>Ronholt and Overgaard’s research gets at the heart of this responsibility paradox. Who is to blame in this transaction: the lone shopper who purchased hundreds of dollars worth of clothes, or the billion-dollar retailer? Should social media platforms also be held liable? A majority of consumers surveyed expect the retailers to take more sustainable steps, but history has proven that, unless pushed to do so by shoppers, brands are usually slow to act.</p>
<p>Plus, most corporate brands tend to <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2020/3/5/21155020/companies-carbon-neutral-climate-positive">greenwash</a> their efforts with buzzy branding words like “conscious” or “ethical,” while failing to be specific about their goals. In 2018, for example, H&M was criticized by the Norwegian Consumer Authority for <a href="https://www.fastcompany.com/90385370/hm-zara-and-other-fashion-brands-are-tricking-consumers-with-vague-sustainability-claims">“misleading” marketing</a> of its Conscious Collection; the retailer wasn’t specific about what types of “sustainable” materials its clothes were sourced from or what its clear goals were.</p>
<p>“The current situation looks like a deadlock,” said Ronholt. “There’s this duality in response from consumers who felt they could do better, but still wanted more transparency from retailers. Some even suggested political intervention to solve this, like a tax on things that aren’t sustainably produced.”</p>
<p>But even with sustainability hanging in the back of people’s minds, Ronholt added that young consumers have developed a, “I like it, I buy it,” mentality that does little to offset how often they shop. This, of course, is exacerbated by social media’s effects on trend cycles and clothing seasonality: Fast fashion and major retailers no longer rely on the <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2019/2/4/18206907/new-york-fashion-week-2019-death">traditional fashion calendar</a>, and instead operate on the premise of “faster is better” to drive sales based on novelty.</p>
<p>Karnik, the co-founder of Voices of Gen Z, admits she likes to browse Shein, even if she’s not planning to buy, in order to stay up-to-date on trends. As a teenager, Karnik’s clothing purchases are usually made under financial constraints. Price, as well as <a href="https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/51797/1/gen-z-millennial-sustainability-fast-fashion-thrifting-depop-boohoo-missguided">sizing availability</a>, is a major fast fashion appeal for shoppers with budgets or other limitations.</p>
<p>“I’m guilty of looking, and I have like 98 items saved in my cart, although I haven’t bought anything in the past year,” she told me. “I’ve become aware that fast fashion is all about trends, though, so I’m trying to look for staple pieces that will stick with me for a couple of years.”</p>
<p>The most sustainable thing consumers can do, according to fashion critic Barber, is to buy less overall. Her proposed solution doesn’t require everyone to be perfect; it depends on individual efforts to resist novelty and trend cycles, ideally at a large scale.</p>
<p>“There’s a significant correlation between fast fashion, the way we consume clothing, and the rise of social media,” Barber told me. “You have teens saying they don’t want to wear the same outfit twice on social media, and to be honest, that makes me a bit sad.”</p>
<div class="c-float-right c-float-hang">
<aside><q>“You have teens saying they don’t want to wear the same outfit twice on social media.”</q></aside>
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<p>The challenge for sustainability advocates is, in Barber’s opinion, education. The number of people working in apparel manufacturing in the US has steadily declined since the 1980s, and less people know firsthand workers that craft their clothes. As a result, it’s become easy to turn a blind eye as to how clothes are constructed and to accept the unsustainable status quo. “In general, we’re losing tradespeople in our society,” Barber said. “If more people knew how much time went into sewing a pin cushion, they could recognize exploitation in a $3 shirt and become better, more informed consumers.”</p>
<p>The core of Barber’s work is deconstructing corporate-driven sustainability and the bevy of products that are marketed to middle- and upper-class people, items that theoretically make them feel better about buying. Most young shoppers can’t afford, for example, handmade clothes. Some proclaim that a sustainable lifestyle feels out of reach because the products are too expensive or don’t come in their sizes.</p>
<p>But according to Barber, sustainability isn’t a product, but a mindset that’s often established out of scarcity and championed by marginalized people, like her mother, who reused almost every plastic container she came across. Low-income people aren’t the consumers keeping fashion corporations afloat. “The most sustainable thing you can do is wear what’s in your closet,” Barber said. “And keep wearing it. When you need to replace something, do so with options that are secondhand.”</p>
<p>As the youngest demographic of consumers, there is an expectation foisted upon Gen Z to reform their shopping habits, sometimes by their peers. And, as Shetty of Voices of Gen Z pointed out, the sustainability movement feels very gendered. Young people’s consumerist tendencies, it seems, are still malleable, and their politics largely progressive. Yet, the task of undoing decades of marketing strategy and environmental degradation shouldn’t solely fall on a generation born within these circumstances. Significant change requires action from a cohort of policymakers, marketers, and retailers — in addition to shoppers, especially those with disposable income.</p>
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source <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2021/7/19/22535050/gen-z-relationship-fast-fashion">https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2021/7/19/22535050/gen-z-relationship-fast-fashion</a>

vox Gen Z doesn’t know a world without fast fashion

Millions of Americans, specifically those born around or after the year 2000, have never inhabited a world without fast fashion. They became...

Think Covid is over? Think again… Bill Gates & George Soros have just joined the buyout of a UK Covid testing company

<p><strong>Billionaires Bill Gates and George Soros have joined the acquisition of UK company Mologic, which helped develop Covid-19 rapid lateral flow tests.</strong></p>
<p>Just as you may have thought things were starting to return to normal, Bill Gates popped up to remind us that they’re not going to be normal any time soon.</p>
<p>The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and the Soros Economic Development Fund; an arm of Mr Soros’s Open Society Foundations, will invest at least £30 million to “improve the standard of medical technology in the developing world”</p>
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<p>.</p>
<p>There’s only one reason Mr Gates would bother to put money into this company, and that is to return a vast profit. The only way he will do that is through the continuation of the Covid-19 fraud that has infected the lives of people across the world for the past sixteen months.</p>
<p>As part of the deal, Mologic and a non-profit sister company Global Access Diagnostics will be integrated into a new enterprise called Global Access Health.</p>
<p>“The Covid-19 pandemic has painfully demonstrated the fundamental inequities in global public health, and in particular the crucial importance of access in low and middle-income countries to low-price, high-quality, life-saving diagnostic tools,” said SEDF chief executive Sean Hinton.</p>
<p>“In this unique transaction, philanthropic funds and investors are working together with a skilled and visionary management team in a truly innovative way to address at least one part of that failure by enabling a cutting-edge, commercial business to focus all its resources on solving one of the world’s most pressing public health issues.”</p>
<p>Mologic, is a UK-based lateral flow test developer which has created 10-minute Covid tests. Gates and Soros hope that the tests will cost as little as $1 to produce.</p>
<p>“Mologic’s transition into a social enterprise is a deliberate, logical and natural step for a company focused on delivering affordable diagnostics and biotechnology to places that have been left underserved by the relentless pursuit of profiteering,” said Mark Davis, chief executive of Mologic.</p>
<p>“With the support of our shareholders, donors and partners, we have come a long way; we believe we have the people and the skills required for the challenges and opportunities ahead. And we hope this unique transaction will be an example for others to follow.”</p>
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<p>45,000 people have allegedly died from the Covid-19 vaccine within three days, …</p>
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<div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__content" readability="17.35593220339"><time datetime="2021-07-19T07:56:09+01:00" class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__date">July 19, 2021</time><a alt="Spanish Researchers Find Covid-19 Vaccines Contain TOXIC Levels of Graphene Oxide" href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/07/19/spanish-researchers-find-covid-19-vaccines-contain-toxic-levels-of-graphene-oxide/">Spanish Researchers Find Covid-19 Vaccines Contain TOXIC Levels of Graphene Oxide</a>
<p>Researchers from Spain have found that the Pfizer BioNTech vaccines contain the …</p>
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<div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__content" readability="13.34347826087"><time datetime="2021-07-19T05:40:00+01:00" class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__date">July 19, 2021</time><a alt="At least 55 Labour MPs, Councillors and Mayors have been arrested, charged, suspended, or placed under investigation in the past 6 months" href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/07/19/at-least-55-labour-mps-councillors-and-mayors-have-been-arrested-charged-suspended-or-placed-under-investigation-in-the-past-6-months/">At least 55 Labour MPs, Councillors and Mayors have been arrested, charged, suspended, or placed under investigation in the past 6 months</a>
<p>Globally, democracy is in retreat. As reported in September 2020 and January …</p>
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<div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__content" readability="11.916666666667"><time datetime="2021-07-18T23:24:36+01:00" class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__date">July 18, 2021</time><a alt="The GMC will make the biggest mistake in its history if it takes on Dr Sam White – it will then have to defend the entire Covid-19 Fraud" href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/07/18/the-gmc-will-make-the-biggest-mistake-in-its-history-if-it-takes-on-dr-sam-white-it-will-then-have-to-defend-the-entire-covid-19-fraud/">The GMC will make the biggest mistake in its history if it takes on Dr Sam White – it will then have to defend the entire Covid-19 Fraud</a>
<p>I have, for almost 18 months now been asking Chris Whitty and …</p>
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<div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__content" readability="12.964102564103"><time datetime="2021-07-18T23:15:13+01:00" class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__date">July 18, 2021</time><a alt="Dr Vernon Coleman – “Everyone will know that the Covid-19 fraud is just that – the biggest fraud in history”" href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/07/18/dr-vernon-coleman-covid-fraud/">Dr Vernon Coleman – “Everyone will know that the Covid-19 fraud is just that – the biggest fraud in history”</a>
<p>Dr Vernon says the pro-covid fraudsters may be about to make a …</p>
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<p>Public Health Scotland have revealed that 5,522 people have died within twenty-eight …</p>
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<div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__content" readability="15.318681318681"><time datetime="2021-07-18T17:54:21+01:00" class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__date">July 18, 2021</time><a alt="Inventor of mRNA vaccines, Dr Robert Malone, told to hire security due to risk of being assassinated" href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/07/18/inventor-of-mrna-vaccines-dr-robert-malone-told-to-hire-security-due-to-risk-of-being-assassinated/">Inventor of mRNA vaccines, Dr Robert Malone, told to hire security due to risk of being assassinated</a>
<p>Dr Malone, the inventor of mRNA vaccines, has claimed he has been …</p>
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<p>The Covid-19 vaccines have been billed as the saviour of humanity from …</p>
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<div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__item" readability="17.566666666667">
<div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__content" readability="18.133333333333"><time datetime="2021-07-17T15:22:28+01:00" class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__date">July 17, 2021</time><a alt="12,000 deaths recorded due to the Covid Vaccines in the USA alone" href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/07/17/12000-deaths-recorded-due-to-the-covid-vaccines-in-the-usa-alone/">12,000 deaths recorded due to the Covid Vaccines in the USA alone</a>
<p>The U.S. CDC released more data today in their Vaccine Adverse Event …</p>
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<h3 class="jp-relatedposts-headline"><em>Related</em></h3>
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<br />
source <a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/07/19/think-covid-is-over-think-again-bill-gates-george-soros-have-just-joined-the-buyout-of-a-uk-covid-testing-company/">https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/07/19/think-covid-is-over-think-again-bill-gates-george-soros-have-just-joined-the-buyout-of-a-uk-covid-testing-company/</a>

revolution Think Covid is over? Think again… Bill Gates & George Soros have just joined the buyout of a UK Covid testing company

Billionaires Bill Gates and George Soros have joined the acquisition of UK company Mologic, which helped develop Covid-19 rapid lateral flow...

VAERS Whistleblower: “45,000 Dead From Covid-19 Vaccines Within 3 Days”, Sparks Lawsuit Against Federal Government

<p><strong>45,000 people have allegedly died from the Covid-19 vaccine within three days, according to a US whistle-blower, which has sparked a lawsuit against the federal government.</strong></p>
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<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img alt="" class="wp-image-10802" data-attachment-id="10802" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}" data-image-title="renz" data-large-file="https://i1.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/renz.jpg?fit=639%2C359&ssl=1" data-medium-file="https://i1.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/renz.jpg?fit=300%2C169&ssl=1" data-orig-file="https://i1.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/renz.jpg?fit=1920%2C1080&ssl=1" data-orig-size="1920,1080" data-permalink="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/07/19/vaers-whistleblower-45000-dead-from-covid-19-vaccines-within-3-days-sparks-lawsuit-against-federal-government/renz/" data-recalc-dims="1" height="359" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 639px) 100vw, 639px" src="https://i1.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/renz.jpg?resize=639%2C359&ssl=1" srcset="https://i1.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/renz.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&ssl=1 1024w, https://i1.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/renz.jpg?resize=300%2C169&ssl=1 300w, https://i1.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/renz.jpg?resize=768%2C432&ssl=1 768w, https://i1.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/renz.jpg?resize=1536%2C864&ssl=1 1536w, https://i1.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/renz.jpg?resize=1200%2C675&ssl=1 1200w, https://i1.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/renz.jpg?w=1920&ssl=1 1920w, https://i1.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/renz.jpg?w=1278&ssl=1 1278w" width="639" />
<figcaption>Image source: <strong><em>Bit Chute</em></strong><br />
Thomas Renz, an attorney based in Ohio, allegedly received the information from a whistle-blower who saw the true numbers being reported to the VAERS systems.</figcaption>
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<p><a href="https://americasfrontlinedoctors.org/legal_team/tom/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Thomas Renz</a>, an attorney based in Ohio has started a lawsuit against the federal government for covering up the true number of deaths from the Covid-19 vaccines.</p>
<p>According to Renz, a whistle-blower – referred to as Jane Doe – who is an insider and has seen information on the Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) allegedly passed on the numbers and relevant information to him.</p>
<p>At an event hosted by <a href="https://www.theawakening-now.com/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Awaken</a> America, Renz said: “We have someone that has sworn under penalty of purgery that there have been at least 45,000 deaths.”</p>
<p>Renz stated that whilst he cannot currently prove the information, he said that with <a href="https://americasfrontlinedoctors.org/legal_team/tom/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">America’s Frontline Doctors</a> – a team of medical professionals fighting for medical freedom for Americans – he has been “empowered” to file the lawsuit in Alabama.</p>
<p>Allegedly, the whistleblower stated that there are around 11 VAERS systems reporting adverse reactions and deaths across the US, and one system alone has allegedly has reported the shocking 45,000 deaths from the Covid jabs.</p>
<p>However, Renz believes that this number is “immensely higher” and is calling for immediate investigations into the VAERS system.</p>
<p>“How many have really died and why are they covering it up?”, Renz told the Awaken America crowd.</p>
<p>The attorney said that this information and lawsuit will not be reported by the mainstream media and will likely be censored by big tech corporations like YouTube, Facebook, and Google.</p>
<p>Renz said that these big tech giants are “complicit in causing death”, and that he cannot wait to sue them “over and over again.”</p>
<p>Through his Ohio-based law firm, Renz Law, Thomas is suing the US <a href="https://www.hhs.gov/">Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)</a> to <a href="https://renz-law.com/our-medical-freedom-fight" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">halt the Covid-19 vaccine rollout to children 15-years-old and younger</a>.</p>
<p>The lawsuit was filed by Renz and his legal team alongside America’s Frontline Doctors against the Emergency Use Authorisation (EUA) of the Covid-19 vaccines, which they state have had “no long-term studies on the impact on adults, much less children.”</p>
<p>Furthermore, the lawsuit challenges the legality of EUA as the law states that children must be at risk, which Renz argues that the “CDC state that children are statistically at ZERO percent mortality rate by Covid-19.”</p>
<p><a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/07/13/30-of-deaths-reported-to-vaers-after-covid-19-vaccines-occurred-in-one-week-2000-more-deaths/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Recent data from VAERS up to the week of July 2<sup>nd</sup></a> showed that 29.5% of all reported deaths in the US following the administration of the Covid-19 over the last six months and two weeks occurred in the last week.</p>
<p>The data showed that between December 14<sup>th,</sup> 2020, and July 2nd, 2021, a total of 438,441 adverse events were reported to VAERS, including 9,048 deaths. Compared to the previous week, this was an increase of 2,063 deaths.</p>
<p>However, it is known that only 1% of adverse reactions are reported, as a <a href="https://digital.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/docs/publication/r18hs017045-lazarus-final-report-2011.pdf#:~:text=Adverse%20events%20from%20drugs%20and,and%20Drug%20Administration%20(FDA)" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">report commissioned by the US Department of Health</a> stated that: “Adverse events from drugs and vaccines are common, but under-reported.</p>
<p>“Although 25% of ambulatory patients experience an adverse drug event, less than 0.3% of all adverse drug events and 1-13% of serious events are reported to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Likewise, fewer than 1% of vaccine adverse events are reported.”</p>
<p>Therefore, it is worth noting that the adverse reaction statistics are already inaccurate as not every person who has an adverse event reports it to the relevant system. However, the question still remains as to the number of reactions and deaths which may not be released to the public by the likes of VAERS and the UK’s Yellow Card reporting system.</p>
<p><strong>Whilst the shocking information revealed by the whistleblower cannot yet be proven, it will be interesting to see how the lawsuit develops and what unfolds as a result.</strong></p>
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<h3 class="jp-relatedposts-headline"><em>Related</em></h3>
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source <a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/07/19/vaers-whistleblower-45000-dead-from-covid-19-vaccines-within-3-days-sparks-lawsuit-against-federal-government/">https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/07/19/vaers-whistleblower-45000-dead-from-covid-19-vaccines-within-3-days-sparks-lawsuit-against-federal-government/</a>

revolution VAERS Whistleblower: “45,000 Dead From Covid-19 Vaccines Within 3 Days”, Sparks Lawsuit Against Federal Government

45,000 people have allegedly died from the Covid-19 vaccine within three days, according to a US whistle-blower, which has sparked a lawsuit...

Spanish Researchers Find Covid-19 Vaccines Contain TOXIC Levels of Graphene Oxide

<p><strong>Researchers from Spain have found that the Pfizer BioNTech vaccines contain the toxic substance graphene oxide.</strong></p>
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<figure class="aligncenter is-resized"><img alt="What are the side effects of the Pfizer vaccine?" height="534" loading="lazy" src="https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.openaccessgovernment.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2021%2F02%2Fdreamstime_l_204077179-scaled.jpg&f=1&nofb=1" width="803" />
<figcaption>Image source: <strong><em>Open Access Government</em></strong><br />
The researchers from the University of Almeria found that the Pfizer vaccine contained toxic levels of graphene oxide, which can cause lung cancer, pneumonia, and blood clots.</figcaption>
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<p>A team of researchers from the University of Almeria’s Department of Engineering published a report titled “<a href="https://www.thecompleteguidetohealth.com/uploads/8/9/4/8/8948721/official_interim_report_in_english__university_of_almeria_.pdf" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Graphene Oxide Detection in Aqueous Suspension: Observational Study in Optical and Electron Microscopy</a>.”</p>
<p>The researchers used spectroscopy and electron microscope analysis to assess the contents of the Covid vaccine vials.</p>
<p>Inside, they found “enormous doses” of this nanoparticle – each dose of the Pfizer vaccine they examined contained around 747 nanograms of graphene oxide. This meant that more than 99 percent of the Pfizer vaccine was made up entirely of graphene oxide.</p>
<p>The <a href="https://www.fda.gov/media/144414/downloadhttps:/www.fda.gov/media/144414/download" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Emergency Use Authorisation (EUA) fact sheet</a> states that the Pfizer jab contains the following ingredients: mRNA, lipids ((4-hydroxybutyl)azanediyl)bis(hexane-6,1-diyl)bis(2-hexyldecanoate), 2 [(polyethylene glycol)-2000]-N,N-ditetradecylacetamide, 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3- phosphocholine, and cholesterol), potassium chloride, monobasic potassium phosphate, sodium chloride, dibasic sodium phosphate dihydrate, and sucrose.</p>
<p>However, the fact sheet failed to mention that the jab contains the toxic compound graphene oxide.</p>
<p>Graphene oxide, which is a <a href="https://www.sciencetimes.com/articles/32203/20210711/covid-19-vaccines-mostly-graphene-oxide-heres-what-experts.htm" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">material formed from gra</a>phite, is known to cause dose-dependent toxicity. The compound can cause liver and kidney damage, spur on the formation of granulomas in the lungs, decrease cell viability, and trigger cell apoptosis or pre-programmed cell death.</p>
<p>The substance can also cause blood clots as it coagulates the blood, and also <a href="https://www.graphene-info.com/graphene-oxide-detected-body-specialized-cells-immune-system" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">alters the immune system</a> by disrupting the oxidative balance in the body’s glutathione reserves.</p>
<p>Additionally, animal studies have shown that injection of graphene oxide in the body deposits the toxic substance in the lungs, liver, spleen, and kidneys. It is also reportedly incredibly difficult for the body to rid itself of the material.</p>
<p>Graphene oxide has also been shown to <a href="https://francis.naukas.com/2009/10/29/nanotoxicologia-respirar-nanotubos-de-carbono-produce-fibrosis-pulmonar-una-causa-de-cancer-de-pulmon/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">produce pulmonary fibrosis</a>, which can cause lung cancer and pneumonia.</p>
<p>Researchers began studying the vaccines after the emergence of the magnetic injection site phenomenon, of which there are millions of videos from around the world of inoculated people filming metallic objects or magnets sticking to their jab site.</p>
<p>Ricardo Delgado, one of the researchers, said: “Once we conducted that basic epidemiological study, we started to wonder what materials or nanomaterials can cause magnetism in the body. And not only magnetism, but that could act as energy capacitors because I have also measured in a multimeter an important charge.”</p>
<p>Ricardo said that the team also discovered that the magnetism moves towards the head, and that a potential difference is measured with a multimeter, that the person becomes a superconductor – i.e. emits and receives signals.</p>
<p>Once researchers established that certain materials can cause these alterations in the body, they began discussing graphene as a potential culprit, as graphene oxide “had all the characteristics that magnetised people expressed after inoculation.”</p>
<p>Ricardo told Jose Javier Esparza on the Spanish political talk show, <a href="https://www.globalresearch.ca/video-98-99-vaccination-vial-graphene-oxide/5749524" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">El Gato al Agua</a>: “What we found was that the main component is precisely graphene oxide and in a very small amount of something else. But above all, it is graphene oxide.</p>
<p>“Given that all the people who are inoculated with the Pfizer vaccine, which was the one we sent for analysis as well as Moderna, AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson, Janssen, Sinovac, and all types of vaccines acquire magnetic properties, we suspect with many indications that they all contain more or less doses of graphene oxide.”</p>
<p>According to the researchers, they not only discovered graphene oxide in the vaccines but also significant amounts of the material in swabs used in polymerase chain reaction and antigen tests – tests that are supposedly able to accurately detect Covid-19.</p>
<p>The team also found the toxic material in face masks. Interestingly, in April 2021, the <a href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/new-brunswick/health-canada-disposable-1.5974867" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Canadian government urged the public not to wear masks containing graphene</a> due to the possibility that inhaling these nanoparticles “may pose health risks.”</p>
<p><strong>Of course, none of this research will ever be covered by the mainstream media and will instead be touted as a “conspiracy theory.” What is increasingly disturbing is that the media and government will only continue to preach the benefits of the vaccine, whilst ignoring the list of risks and dangers that only seems to grow longer with each passing day.</strong></p>
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<p>Billionaires Bill Gates and George Soros have joined the acquisition of UK company Mologic, which helped …</p>
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<p>45,000 people have allegedly died from the Covid-19 vaccine within three days, …</p>
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<p>Globally, democracy is in retreat. As reported in September 2020 and January …</p>
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<p>I have, for almost 18 months now been asking Chris Whitty and …</p>
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<p>Public Health Scotland have revealed that 5,522 people have died within twenty-eight …</p>
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<h3 class="jp-relatedposts-headline"><em>Related</em></h3>
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source <a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/07/19/spanish-researchers-find-covid-19-vaccines-contain-toxic-levels-of-graphene-oxide/">https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/07/19/spanish-researchers-find-covid-19-vaccines-contain-toxic-levels-of-graphene-oxide/</a>

revolution Spanish Researchers Find Covid-19 Vaccines Contain TOXIC Levels of Graphene Oxide

Researchers from Spain have found that the Pfizer BioNTech vaccines contain the toxic substance graphene oxide. Image source: Open Access...