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Fully vaccinated people have a 885% higher chance of death due to Covid-19 than people who are unvaccinated according to official data

<p><strong>The Delta Covid-19 variant is currently rampant in the United Kingdom according to official data which has been released by Public Health England (PHE) in an attempt to justify the continuation of draconian restrictions on the lives of the British people.</strong></p>
<p><strong>However, we wonder if they realise that the very same data PHE released shows us that people who have received two doses of the Covid-19 vaccine have an 885% higher chance of dying of Covid-19 than of those who are unvaccinated?</strong></p>
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<p>The report which can be viewed <a href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/997418/Variants_of_Concern_VOC_Technical_Briefing_17.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">here</a> shows that between the 1st February 2021 and the 21st June 2021 a total of 92,029 confirmed cases of the Delta variant had been confirmed.</p>
<p>Of these 58.4% were people who had not been vaccinated, totalling 53,822.</p>
<p>A further 7.8% were people who had received both doses of a Covid-19 vaccine, totalling 7,235.</p>
<p>A further 14.9% were people who had received one dose of a Covid-19 vaccine at least three weeks prior to testing positive for the Delta Covid variant, totalling 13,715.</p>
<p>And a further 6.78% were people who had received one dose of a Covid-19 vaccine less than three weeks prior to testing positive for the Delta Covid variant, totalling 6,242.</p>
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<p>As per the above table taken from the Public Health England we can see that the number of positive cases of the Delta variant in people who are unvaccinated outnumber the number of positive cases of the Delta variant in people who are fully vaccinated by around 7.4 to 1.</p>
<p>This difference probably gives you the impression that the Covid-19 jabs are working fantastically? Well don’t get too excited.</p>
<p>Because if we take the number of people who have had at least one dose of a Covid-19 vaccine – 27,192, we can see that the number of people who are unvaccinated, who have tested positive for the Delta variant only outnumber people who have received at least one dose of a Covid-19 vaccine by around 1.97 to 1.</p>
<p>They don’t seem so fantastic now do they?</p>
<p>But how do have these alleged confirmed cases of the alleged Delta Covid-19 variant translated into hospitalisations? Well thankfully Public Health England tell us within their report.</p>
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<p>As per the above table we can see that of the 53,822 confirmed cases of the Delta Covid variant in people who were unvaccinated, 831 presented to emergency care which resulted in overnight inpatient admission. This accounts for 1.54% of the confirmed cases in people who are unvaccinated.</p>
<p>However, of the 7,235 confirmed cases of the Delta variant in people who are fully vaccinated people, 190 presented to emergency care which resulted in overnight inpatient admission. This accounts for 2.6% of the confirmed cases in people who are fully vaccinated.</p>
<p>This data, which has been published by Public Health England, shows us that people who have received two doses of a Covid-19 vaccine have a 70.1% higher chance of being hospitalised with the alleged Delta Covid variant than people who are unvaccinated.</p>
<p>None of the Covid-19 vaccines have been proven to prevent infection or prevent the spread of the alleged Covid-19 virus. Instead they have allegedly been proven to reduce the risk of hospitalisation and death, but even then the study carried out is highly questionable.</p>
<p>It doesn’t look like the Covid-19 vaccines are doing what they say on the tin, does it? Perhaps they’re doing their job at reducing the risk of death, thankfully Public Health England have provided the data for us to find out.</p>
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<p>As per the above table we can see that of the 53,822 confirmed cases of the Delta Covid variant in people who are unvaccinated, 44 have sadly died. This accounts to 0.07% of confirmed cases in the people who are unvaccinated.</p>
<p>However, of the 7,235 confirmed cases of the Delta Covid variant in people who had received both doses of a Covid-19 vaccine and were therefore fully vaccinated, 50 have sadly died. This accounts to 0.69% of confirmed cases in people who are fully vaccinated.</p>
<p>This data, which again has been published by Public Health England, shows us that people who have received two doses of a Covid-19 vaccine have a 885.7% higher chance of dying due to the Delta Covid variant than people who are unvaccinated.</p>
<p>Now that definitely isn’t what the Covid-19 vaccines said they would do on the tin.</p>
<p>Is this evidence of antibody-dependent enhancement? One senior researcher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory –  Stephanie Seneff, seems to think so.</p>
<p>ADE blighted previous attempts at coronavirus vaccines and frequently resulted in <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0035421">enhanced lung disease among vaccinated</a> lab animals. It led researchers in 2012 to advise scientists to <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0035421">proceed with “caution”</a> for any human coronavirus vaccines which could lead to enhanced lung disease. </p>
<p>Seneff said research has shown that coronavirus vaccines alter the ways immune systems respond to infection and can activate other sleeping infections in the vaccinated person.</p>
<p>“It is conceivable to me that the laser-beam specificity of the induced antibodies is offset by a general weakening of innate immunity,” Seneff said.  </p>
<p>“I also suspect that massive vaccination campaigns may accelerate the rate at which the vaccine-resistant mutant strains become dominant among all the SARS-CoV-2 strains.” </p>
<p>Considering the fact 45 million people have had at least one dose of a Covid-19 vaccine in the United Kingdom at the time of writing, it looks like we’re in for one hell of a winter crisis.</p>
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<h3 class="jp-relatedposts-headline"><em>Related</em></h3>
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source <a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/07/03/fully-vaccinated-people-have-a-885-higher-chance-of-death-due-to-covid-19-than-people-who-are-unvaccinated-according-to-official-data/">https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/07/03/fully-vaccinated-people-have-a-885-higher-chance-of-death-due-to-covid-19-than-people-who-are-unvaccinated-according-to-official-data/</a>

revolution Fully vaccinated people have a 885% higher chance of death due to Covid-19 than people who are unvaccinated according to official data

The Delta Covid-19 variant is currently rampant in the United Kingdom according to official data which has been released by Public Health England (PHE) in an attempt to justify the continuation of draconian restrictions on the lives of the British pe…

Why are the Covid Vaccines causing young men to suffer extremely dangerous inflammation of the heart?

<p><strong>Both the US and UK Medicine Regulators have officially added a warning to the mRNA Covid jabs stating that there is an increased risk of myocarditis and pericarditis for younger men after having their second dose. The young men now have more chance of suffering an enlarged heart from the Covid jabs than they do of even suffering a sniffle if they contract the alleged Covid-19 disease, regardless of whether they have been “vaccinated” or not.</strong></p>
<p>In order to understand why so many people around the globe, including healthy young people, are suddenly suffering from inflamed hearts just after being vaccinated for Covid-19, we have to zero in on the source of this dangerous inflammation.</p>
<p>When blood clots form in deep veins, it’s called deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and this can occur if something damages the blood vessel lining or makes the blood clot more easily.</p>
<p>After this happens once, it usually means more blood clots are on the way. Most medical doctors in America are completely “stumped” and can’t figure out what causes blood clots. They could easily start by examining blood vessels for mRNA-produced “proteins” that the vaccines, through cell re-education, are spreading throughout the body of the recently Covid-vaccinated victims.</p>
<p>We can now understand, thanks to Covid-vaccine scientists who recently blew the whistle, that a <a href="https://labblog.uofmhealth.org/lab-report/targeting-inflammation-to-better-understand-dangerous-blood-clots">higher-than-usual blood clot risk</a> exists for these cases of inflammation of the heart, as it’s over-worked to push blood past all these “road blocks” of proteins, prions and disease-mimicking fragments floating around in the blood channels, sticking to inner walls of vessels, causing damage and severe inflammation.</p>
<p>There’s a combination of <a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/venous-thromboembolism">inflammation and coagulation</a> occurring in the vessels that triggers venous thromboembolism (VTE). This is why all the Covid-19 vaccine manufacturers skipped clinical trials and were only able to obtain “emergency use authorisation” for the jabs.</p>
<p>The MDs and virologists will all still cast blame on anything but the vaccines, including autoimmune disorders like Crohn’s or Lupus. Soon they’ll be blaming the “Delta Variant” instead of blaming the vaccines.</p>
<p>Your blood, if you’ve been Covid-19 mRNA inoculated, is now slowly clogging and coagulation to try to “defend” itself from the proteins your own cells are now creating – the alleged S protein of the alleged SARS-C0V-2 virus. Any blood which flows past these clots is also adding to the clot, making them larger and more dangerous, compounding the coagulation factor. Then inflammation increases and the chance of a heart attack skyrockets.</p>
<p>This is the answer to the “mystery” of why perfectly healthy young adults, all around the world, suffer heart inflammation within days of having an experimental Covid-19 “vaccine”. Even the protein payload in the non-mRNA vaccines can cause inflammation and clotting, so nobody who has the Covid jab is technically safe.</p>
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<h3 class="jp-relatedposts-headline"><em>Related</em></h3>
<br />
<br />
source <a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/07/03/why-are-the-covid-vaccines-causing-young-men-to-suffer-extremely-dangerous-inflammation-of-the-heart/">https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/07/03/why-are-the-covid-vaccines-causing-young-men-to-suffer-extremely-dangerous-inflammation-of-the-heart/</a>

revolution Why are the Covid Vaccines causing young men to suffer extremely dangerous inflammation of the heart?

Both the US and UK Medicine Regulators have officially added a warning to the mRNA Covid jabs stating that there is an increased risk of myocarditis and pericarditis for younger men after having their second dose. The young men now have more chance o…

Whilst you’ve been distracted by the video of Chris Whitty the ONS admitted the Covid Vaccines have been listed as an official cause of death multiple...

<p><strong>The Office for National Statistics has finally listed the Covid-19 vaccine as an official cause of death multiple times in England, contradicting claims made the MHRA that no link has been made between the Covid Vaccines and fatalities which have been reported to the Yellow Card scheme.</strong></p>
<p>The ONS release a monthly mortality analysis which contains several different datasets of deaths in England and Wales by age, sex, cause of death, and five year average comparisons. The latest edition which can be downloaded <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/datasets/monthlymortalityanalysisenglandandwales" target="_blank">here</a>, covers the month of May 2021 and within it is a dataset showing the number of deaths with ICD-10 codes related to Covid-19 which have been mentioned on the death certificate between March 2020 and May 2021.</p>
<p>The dataset can be found in table 12 of the ONS document and shows that the Covid-19 vaccines have now been listed as an official cause of death three times in England due to adverse reactions.</p>
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<p>This does not mean that only three people have died due to the experimental Covid vaccines, it just means that three doctors have been brave enough to finally list the Covid vaccines as a cause of death on the death certificate.</p>
<p>We imagine many doctors are hesitant to do this considering the treatment they are subjected to if they do not tow the line in regards to the official narrative on Covid-19. We only have to look at the brave Doctor Sam White who was <a href="https://www.covid19assembly.org/2021/07/whistleblowing-gps-letter-to-sir-simon-stevens/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">suspended by NHS England</a> on the 26<sup>th</sup> June 2021 for questioning Covid-19 protocols.</p>
<p>But the ONS data does offer a glimmer of hope in exposing how dangerous the emergency approved vaccines really are as it contradicts what the UK Medicine Regulator, the MHRA have been officially telling the British public.</p>
<p>The <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-adverse-reactions/coronavirus-vaccine-summary-of-yellow-card-reporting#annex-1-vaccine-analysis-print" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">MHRA stated as recently as the 1<sup>st</sup> July 2021</a> the following –</p>
<p><em>The MHRA has received 439 UK reports of suspected ADRs to the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine in which the patient died shortly after vaccination, 936 reports for the COVID-19 Vaccine AstraZeneca, five for the COVID-19 Vaccine Moderna and 23 where the brand of vaccine was unspecified. The majority of these reports were in elderly people or people with underlying illness. Usage of the vaccines has increased rapidly and as such, so has reporting of fatal events with a temporal association with vaccination however, this does not indicate a link between vaccination and the fatalities reported. Review of individual reports and patterns of reporting does not suggest the vaccines played a role in the deaths.</em></p>
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<p>The total number of deaths reported to the MHRA Yellow Card scheme as adverse reactions to the Covid jabs now stands at 1,403, yet the MHRA are adamant the Covid jabs are not to blame.</p>
<p>We’re afraid the ONS data now shows the MHRA are lying to the British people.</p>
<p>Many people are not aware of the existence of the <a href="https://yellowcard.mhra.gov.uk/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">MHRA Yellow Card scheme</a>, which is precisely why the MHRA states only 1% – 10% of adverse reactions are actually reported. But the scheme exists and it enables people to report any adverse reactions they have had, or they know people to have had, to the Covid-19 vaccines.</p>
<p>As per the 22<sup>nd</sup> release of Yellow Card statistics by the UK Government / MHRA there have been a total of <a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/07/01/shocking-number-of-adverse-reactions-to-covid-vaccines-surpasses-one-million-according-to-uk-gov-s-22nd-update/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">1,007,253 adverse reactions</a> reported to the scheme which include ailments such as blindness, deafness, seizure, paralysis, stroke, cardiac arrest, heart attack and sudden death, among many others.</p>
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<p>National Records of Scotland (NRS), the equivalent of the Office for National Statistics (ONS) in England had already listed the Covid-19 vaccine as the official cause of death three times back in May 2021, revealing the deaths had occurred before the 30th April 2021. The official statistic can be viewed on table 12 of the downloadable excel document via the NRS website <a href="https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/covid19stats" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">here</a>.</p>
<p>Public Health Scotland have also been much more transparent than authorities in England and <a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/03/30/f-o-i-request-shows-2207-died-within-28-days-of-having-the-covid-vaccine-in-scotland-during-february/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">revealed in an F.O.I request made in February</a> how many people had died within 28 days of having the Covid-19 vaccine.</p>
<p>Public Health Scotland confirmed –</p>
<p>“Using the latest mortality data available (Up to 26th February), 2,207 people have died within 28 days of vaccination (number of days between vaccine and death is 0-27 where 0 is the day of vaccination).”</p>
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<p>Since then Public Health Scotland have released another report, which can be viewed <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://beta.isdscotland.org/media/9180/21-06-09-covid19-publication_report.pdf" target="_blank">here</a> (see page 8) showing that ‘between 8 December 2020 and 28 May 2021, a total of <a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/06/12/official-data-shows-more-people-have-died-because-of-the-covid-vaccines-in-6-months-than-people-who-have-died-of-covid-19-in-15-months/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">3,752 people died within 28 days of receiving a Covid-19 vaccine</a> in Scotland”</p>
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<figure class="aligncenter"><img alt="" class="wp-image-9724" data-attachment-id="9724" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="image-19" data-large-file="https://i2.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/image-19.png?fit=602%2C73&ssl=1" data-medium-file="https://i2.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/image-19.png?fit=300%2C36&ssl=1" data-orig-file="https://i2.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/image-19.png?fit=602%2C73&ssl=1" data-orig-size="602,73" data-permalink="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/07/02/ons-finally-admits-the-covid-vaccines-have-caused-multiple-deaths-contradicting-claims-made-by-the-mhra/image-19-8/" data-recalc-dims="1" height="73" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 602px) 100vw, 602px" src="https://i2.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/image-19.png?resize=602%2C73&ssl=1" srcset="https://i2.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/image-19.png?w=602&ssl=1 602w, https://i2.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/image-19.png?resize=300%2C36&ssl=1 300w, https://i2.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/image-19.png?resize=600%2C73&ssl=1 600w" width="602" /></figure>
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<p>It’s quite clear to see that the MHRA are lying to the British people, and maybe it has something to do with the fact they are the ones who decided to give the experimental Covid jabs, which are still in phase three trials until 2023, emergency use authorisation.</p>
<p>Maybe it also has something to do with the fact the MHRA have now deemed the Pfizer jab, an experimental gene therapy, safe for use in children between the ages of 12 -15, despite the fact 86% of children suffered an adverse reaction ranging from mild to serious in the small and short clinical trial.  </p>
<p>Maybe it also has something to do with the fact they are funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation?</p>
<p>It’s time to hold the MHRA to account for their actions and lies.<strong> Please share this information everywhere.</strong></p>
<h3 class="jp-relatedposts-headline"><em>Related</em></h3>
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source <a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/07/03/whilst-youve-been-distracted-by-the-video-of-chris-whitty-the-ons-admitted-the-covid-vaccines-have-been-listed-as-an-official-cause-of-death-multiple-times/">https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/07/03/whilst-youve-been-distracted-by-the-video-of-chris-whitty-the-ons-admitted-the-covid-vaccines-have-been-listed-as-an-official-cause-of-death-multiple-times/</a>

revolution Whilst you’ve been distracted by the video of Chris Whitty the ONS admitted the Covid Vaccines have been listed as an official cause of death multiple...

The Office for National Statistics has finally listed the Covid-19 vaccine as an official cause of death multiple times in England, contradicting claims made the MHRA that no link has been made between the Covid Vaccines and fatalities which have bee…

What if the truth isn’t out there?

<p>The US military’s official report on <a href="https://www.vox.com/22463659/ufo-videos-navy-alien-drone">UFOs</a> is here, and its conclusion is scintillating: There’s some stuff in the sky, the government isn’t sure what it is, there’s no evidence that it’s aliens, but also no one’s ruling out aliens. So in conclusion, the UFOs are part of life’s rich pageant and anything is possible.</p>
<p>The nine-page report released by the Director of National Intelligence’s (DNI) office last week, formally titled <a href="https://www.dni.gov/files/ODNI/documents/assessments/Prelimary-Assessment-UAP-20210625.pdf">“Preliminary Assessment: Unidentified Aerial Phenomena,”</a> says a little bit more than “we know nothing.” But that is the main takeaway. “Limited Data Leaves Most UAP Unexplained” reads the report’s first subject heading.</p>
<p>That takeaway comes as something of an anticlimax capping off a period of frenzied speculation over UAPs (the new preferred term for “UFO”). The current mania was kicked off by a <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/16/us/politics/pentagon-program-ufo-harry-reid.html">2017 New York Times A1 article</a> revealing the existence of a quiet Pentagon program analyzing strange aerial sightings by pilots. Since then, a steady stream of <a href="https://www.vox.com/22463659/ufo-videos-navy-alien-drone">mainstream news coverage and Pentagon disclosures</a> have kept UAPs in the public eye, complete with details about their allegedly fantastical, above-human capabilities.</p>
<p>In the immediate wake of the DNI report, <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/the-unexplained-phenomena-of-the-ufo-report">no minds have been changed</a>. The skeptics are still skeptical. Believers in the “extraterrestrial hypothesis” (ETH) still believe.</p>
<p>Which is about right. This report simply doesn’t contain enough new information to move anyone’s assessments much in one direction or another. It was mostly meant to summarize the UFO sightings the Pentagon has looked at, rather than explain those sightings. It was reportedly <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/the-unexplained-phenomena-of-the-ufo-report">written in half a year by two people working part-time</a>; it is not a large-scale evidence review like the 9/11 Report.</p>
<figure class="e-image"><span class="e-image__inner"><span class="e-image__image" data-original="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696272/Screen_Shot_2021_06_16_at_12.44.15_copy.jpg"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1625349834_4384_49714" data-cdata='{"asset_id":22696272,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/JI8WmaXNtkualh5XgsUWFFkDAH8=/0x0:2955x1970/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2955x1970):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696272/Screen_Shot_2021_06_16_at_12.44.15_copy.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/l_ISE4HGfuUqI0zgtH4hhS4Kmec=/0x0:2955x1970/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2955x1970):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696272/Screen_Shot_2021_06_16_at_12.44.15_copy.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/GYdT2eSrzUOJQBye-hYnEsc1XeM=/0x0:2955x1970/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2955x1970):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696272/Screen_Shot_2021_06_16_at_12.44.15_copy.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/1la6iiSFWbhBgyqx7yWDtmyWAKI=/0x0:2955x1970/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2955x1970):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696272/Screen_Shot_2021_06_16_at_12.44.15_copy.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/KDZBvOJsG3p1TanvyFKUfG6vZlE=/0x0:2955x1970/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:2955x1970):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696272/Screen_Shot_2021_06_16_at_12.44.15_copy.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/_9eSJHI0ADBBwk9Xkw0cSMtTy6w=/0x0:2955x1970/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2955x1970):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696272/Screen_Shot_2021_06_16_at_12.44.15_copy.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/cv0GvV5Elvh0-XCqM9yCQm3qGag=/0x0:2955x1970/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2955x1970):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696272/Screen_Shot_2021_06_16_at_12.44.15_copy.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/h7Cbogl7NKfCc4ZGXUMJKEl6BDA=/0x0:2955x1970/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2955x1970):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696272/Screen_Shot_2021_06_16_at_12.44.15_copy.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/2y1HX4otQZMVpG_ONQPa0BSUGTs=/0x0:2955x1970/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2955x1970):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696272/Screen_Shot_2021_06_16_at_12.44.15_copy.jpg 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="" data-upload-width="2955" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/_3UGrXhHQiAer1MV5QvUI3GfS8c=/0x0:2955x1970/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:2955x1970):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696272/Screen_Shot_2021_06_16_at_12.44.15_copy.jpg" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/zOJ1NJjttSjSzfyJFYDMO-iEPT4=/0x0:2955x1970/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2955x1970):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696272/Screen_Shot_2021_06_16_at_12.44.15_copy.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/2BMUyVmuWjadvpI1nf9wAUEIIF4=/0x0:2955x1970/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2955x1970):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696272/Screen_Shot_2021_06_16_at_12.44.15_copy.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/EyHSviV0DJ-2JCZgVoT7eDo17qk=/0x0:2955x1970/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2955x1970):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696272/Screen_Shot_2021_06_16_at_12.44.15_copy.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/XSnru1-xbdNenhaBhFDLkt7ViLE=/0x0:2955x1970/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2955x1970):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696272/Screen_Shot_2021_06_16_at_12.44.15_copy.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/MqCD2F6QXl2b1exyb4sOqNQXxOs=/0x0:2955x1970/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:2955x1970):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696272/Screen_Shot_2021_06_16_at_12.44.15_copy.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/iNfdpqTcN_wR0v0p025B9R1yo9M=/0x0:2955x1970/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2955x1970):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696272/Screen_Shot_2021_06_16_at_12.44.15_copy.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/c060OtquaduAvfaKA4KHlT3mQ8I=/0x0:2955x1970/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2955x1970):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696272/Screen_Shot_2021_06_16_at_12.44.15_copy.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/w9SaBOnxZZJS1y3D1d2gW4vQsTM=/0x0:2955x1970/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2955x1970):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696272/Screen_Shot_2021_06_16_at_12.44.15_copy.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/_FA39Ob4CZNrmbMQfzpkSn1cEkY=/0x0:2955x1970/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2955x1970):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696272/Screen_Shot_2021_06_16_at_12.44.15_copy.jpg 1920w" /></picture></span></span>
<figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">A still from the GOFAST UFO video.</span></figcaption>
<span class="e-image__meta"><cite><a class="ql-link" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6rWOtrke0HY" target="_blank">Official UAP Footage from the USG</a></cite></span></figure>
<p>So the UFO-curious public is left more or less where it started before this latest round of UFO stories: not knowing what these objects in the sky are or where they’re from or what if anything they tell us about the universe.</p>
<p>Let me lay my cards on the table here: I’ve long been on the skeptics’ side. I don’t think we have any evidence that these UAPs are a sign of intelligent life on a different planet. But I also know that it’s a question we have to get to the bottom of, and to do that the government needs to allocate a bit more in the way of research funding.</p>
<p>We have to get to the bottom of this question because the truth about UFOs — particularly if the extraterrestrial hypothesis happens to be somehow true — could clarify humans’ role in the universe.</p>
<p>Physicists, astronomers, philosophers, and other smart people have been trying to suss out what the existence or nonexistence of intelligent life elsewhere in the universe could mean. It could be we’re all alone in the universe, which leads to certain mind-breaking implications — one of which is perhaps humanity has a moral duty to preserve civilization because it exists nowhere else in the vast expanse of space. Or it could be that we do have cosmic neighbors, but that those neighbors haven’t reached out because they face difficult challenges — challenges that could be waiting for us in our own future and that could inform how we act today.</p>
<p>In other words, the UFO question is a subquestion of a much broader, more profound inquiry into the future of humanity.</p>
<p>A finding that UFOs represent an alien civilization visiting Earth would be crucially important, first and foremost because it would answer a question scientists have been asking for at least the last century: Where is everybody?</p>
<p>The universe is almost incomprehensibly vast: In the Milky Way galaxy alone, there are <a href="https://www.space.com/25959-how-many-stars-are-in-the-milky-way.html">hundreds of billions of stars</a>, and <a href="https://science.ubc.ca/news/many-six-billion-earth-planets-our-galaxy-according-new-estimates">as many as 6 billion</a> of them could be Sun-like stars with rocky Earth-like planets orbiting them. There are <a href="https://phys.org/news/2017-01-universe-trillion-galaxies.html">hundreds of billions if not trillions of galaxies</a> alongside the Milky Way.</p>
<figure class="e-image"><span class="e-image__inner"><span class="e-image__image" data-original="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696298/GettyImages_1288680990_copy.jpg"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1625349834_993_49715" data-cdata='{"asset_id":22696298,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/PVWkaEOtdmFcrwvq8dBgeNfE-KA=/0x0:2667x4000/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2667x4000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696298/GettyImages_1288680990_copy.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/sXSGUQZ3BalWE0Z6rfehRZ4xdLo=/0x0:2667x4000/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2667x4000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696298/GettyImages_1288680990_copy.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/WKr8HmeY3sQ2CRjdkoOURyQ5Sm4=/0x0:2667x4000/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2667x4000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696298/GettyImages_1288680990_copy.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/63_lUBW-Eu_t0HI4hgINyjNqcck=/0x0:2667x4000/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2667x4000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696298/GettyImages_1288680990_copy.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/XJtdy4YoEkX0zffEohjEUozs7Nk=/0x0:2667x4000/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:2667x4000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696298/GettyImages_1288680990_copy.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/LjFdeuA9Fg9uBjonfR4ujh2Me1g=/0x0:2667x4000/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2667x4000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696298/GettyImages_1288680990_copy.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/VHaWzkYx94fnkr-j4WygZDTSYuM=/0x0:2667x4000/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2667x4000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696298/GettyImages_1288680990_copy.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/nTa9ZFBc7VJgh_tNbIEsQchtQ_E=/0x0:2667x4000/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2667x4000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696298/GettyImages_1288680990_copy.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/BtjS-48KQhqXhy04EHboZL6Mn8s=/0x0:2667x4000/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2667x4000):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696298/GettyImages_1288680990_copy.jpg 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="" data-upload-width="2667" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/--e1z36GlQLBi-aKI-QGdk0rm5w=/0x0:2667x4000/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:2667x4000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696298/GettyImages_1288680990_copy.jpg" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/FFAxvwpdEgkHNYjiHoq2q0Iwgww=/0x0:2667x4000/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2667x4000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696298/GettyImages_1288680990_copy.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/jLx5SHZn4-s2LO3_sbnMxlnaIvQ=/0x0:2667x4000/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2667x4000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696298/GettyImages_1288680990_copy.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/pu9y8SaoQnzX4FEqvf9lSqrPIlU=/0x0:2667x4000/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2667x4000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696298/GettyImages_1288680990_copy.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/v12KRP7TQJcpq0C8Y_zLZ5_Ya1A=/0x0:2667x4000/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2667x4000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696298/GettyImages_1288680990_copy.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/cc7qNWzbDoNK2uupwCoI44jm-xM=/0x0:2667x4000/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:2667x4000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696298/GettyImages_1288680990_copy.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/1vQ9liluB_eZIHvwfZm_aeTjihY=/0x0:2667x4000/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2667x4000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696298/GettyImages_1288680990_copy.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/T08Jrb8JluKWlRSciaDb8c3s_Ek=/0x0:2667x4000/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2667x4000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696298/GettyImages_1288680990_copy.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/TCbA3i_Dglm8snlR5J06B0GbL70=/0x0:2667x4000/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2667x4000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696298/GettyImages_1288680990_copy.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/U9uFnJ0MSd5VMTC9weD2qN5k3WY=/0x0:2667x4000/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2667x4000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696298/GettyImages_1288680990_copy.jpg 1920w" /></picture></span></span>
<figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">The summer Milky Way from the Howse Pass Viewpoint at Saskatchewan River Crossing in Banff National Park, Alberta.</span></figcaption>
<span class="e-image__meta"><cite>Alan Dyer/VW PICS/Universal Images Group via Getty Images</cite></span></figure>
<p>It would be strange for humans to be the only intelligent life (or, at least, the only life of above-chimpanzee intelligence) in all that vastness. And, intuitively, it seems like some of our peers should have surpassed us and developed the ability to send probes thousands of light-years away to observe us.</p>
<p>This puzzle is commonly known as Fermi’s paradox, after its articulation by the 20th-century physicist Enrico Fermi, and it has fascinated astronomers, physicists, and science fiction fans for decades. As <a href="https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2018/7/3/17522810/aliens-fermi-paradox-drake-equation">Liv Boeree explained for Vox</a>, much of the literature on the Fermi paradox relies on a model known as the Drake equation, devised by physicist Frank Drake to estimate the number of “active, communicative, extra-terrestrial civilizations” in our galaxy.</p>
<p>The equation includes some variables astronomers are able to estimate (like the rate of star formation in the Milky Way and the fraction of stars with planets) and some inherently speculative ones, like the fraction of planets that develop intelligent life. The Drake equation is thus quite imprecise, and it requires plugging in numbers where researchers have tremendous uncertainty.</p>
<p>In 2017, Anders Sandberg, Eric Drexler, and Toby Ord of the Future of Humanity Institute <a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1806.02404.pdf">attempted rough estimates</a> of the odds that human civilization is alone in the galaxy and universe by giving uniform odds to a number of different parameters. For instance, they estimated that the share of planets with life that also have <em>intelligent</em> life could be anywhere from 0.1 percent to 100 percent, and gave equal odds to every number in that range.</p>
<p>They then incorporated the fact that we haven’t observed other intelligent civilizations, which should lower our estimated odds of their existence. The paper concluded that there’s a 53 percent to 99.6 percent chance of humans being the only intelligent civilization in the Milky Way, and a 39 percent to 85 percent chance of being alone in the observable universe.</p>
<p>The optimistic read, as <a href="https://80000hours.org/podcast/episodes/anders-sandberg-fermi-paradox/">outlined by Sandberg elsewhere</a>, is that this finding should reduce our fear that humans face a huge extinction event in our future.</p>
<p>How does that follow? Well, one common explanation for humans’ apparent loneliness in the universe is that intelligent life is actually incredibly common — but almost always destroys itself at some point. Either a civilization’s own technology grows so advanced and dangerous that it wipes itself out, or natural phenomena like meteors or supervolcanoes strike before the civilization has the chance to send probes to look at us.</p>
<p>This theory is known as the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100507074729/http://hanson.gmu.edu/greatfilter.html">Great Filter</a>, and it has a certain terrifying plausibility to it. Humanity has already developed tools capable of wiping itself out, or else shrinking itself to a size so small that it cannot endure and sustain itself: nuclear weapons, engineered pathogens, possibly greenhouse gas emissions.</p>
<div class="c-float-right c-float-hang">
<aside><q>There is a part of me that wants the objects in the sky to be aliens because the alternative is so dismal.</q></aside>
</div>
<p>Oxford’s Ord, in last year’s book <a href="https://smile.amazon.com/Precipice-Existential-Risk-Future-Humanity/dp/0316484911?sa-no-redirect=1" has-subtag="true" data-cdata='{"rewritten_url":"https://smile.amazon.com/Precipice-Existential-Risk-Future-Humanity/dp/0316484911?sa-no-redirect=1\u0026ascsubtag=[]vx[p]22320124[m]m-placeholder[s]s-placeholder[t]w[c]c-placeholder[r]r-placeholder[d]d-placeholder","subtag_max_length":99,"subtag_delim_length":2,"subtag_key":"ascsubtag","subtag_data":{"sa-no-redirect":"1","ascsubtag":"[]vx[p]22320124[m]m-placeholder[s]s-placeholder[t]w[c]c-placeholder[r]r-placeholder[d]d-placeholder"},"encode_subtag":false}'><em>The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity</em></a>, roughly estimates the odds of a human-caused extinction or extinction-level event in the next century at about one in six.</p>
<p>There’s a <a href="https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/posts/Z5KZ2cui8WDjyF6gJ/some-thoughts-on-toby-ord-s-existential-risk-estimates">lot of uncertainty</a> around those estimates. But one in six is a very significant risk. Most election forecasters gave <a href="https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/jsvine/2016-election-forecast-grades">lower odds to a Donald Trump victory</a> in 2016.</p>
<p>And if our loneliness in the universe is evidence that every other civilization has destroyed itself in a fashion like this, then one in six might be an overly optimistic estimate. If, on the other hand, the difficult-to-pass “filter” is in our past (say, at the stage in which lifeless molecules combined to create viruses and bacteria), as the Sandberg/Drexler/Ord research suggests, then our loneliness need not imply a grave threat in our future.</p>
<p>Researchers interested in the potential risk posed by the Great Filter tend to focus on <a href="https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/ast.2019.2154">searching for “biosignatures” or “technosignatures”</a>: observable attributes of planets elsewhere in the galaxy that might give evidence of life or human-level technology.</p>
<p>Generally, the hope is to not find these signatures. If we see evidence that there are lots of planets with life up to or equal to human levels of sophistication, but not at levels of sophistication that exceed humans, that strengthens the argument that the filter is in the future, that humans will (like all technologically advanced civilizations) find a way to destroy ourselves.</p>
<p>“If the search for biosignatures reveals that life is everywhere while technology is not, then our challenge is even greater to secure a sustainable future,” researchers Jacob Haqq-Misra, Ravi Kumar Kopparapu, and Edward Schwieterman recently concluded in an <a href="https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/ast.2019.2154">article for the journal <em>Astrobiology</em></a>.</p>
<p>If (and I must stress that this is a quite unlikely “if”) UFO sightings on earth are actually evidence that an advanced alien civilization has developed a system of long-distance probes that it is using to monitor or contact humanity, then that would be an immensely hopeful sign in Great FIlter terms.</p>
<p>It would mean that at least one civilization has far surpassed humanity without encountering any insurmountable hurdles preventing its survival. It would also mean Earth need not be the universe’s sole protector of intelligent life and civilization, meaning that if we do destroy ourselves, all is not lost, cosmically speaking.</p>
<p>Getting to the bottom of the UAPs and investigating whether there’s intelligent life elsewhere is important, and it’s probably worth devoting government resources toward solving the mystery.</p>
<p>But I also worry that belief in the extraterrestrial hypothesis is a kind of wishful thinking. If it’s wrong, and a Great Filter is in our future, that suggests our species is in immense danger. It would mean there are many, perhaps millions or billions, of civilizations like ours around the universe, but that they without fail destroy themselves at some point after they reach a certain level of technological sophistication. If that happened to them, it’ll almost certainly happen to us too.</p>
<div class="c-wide-block">
<figure class="e-image"><span class="e-image__inner"><span class="e-image__image" data-original="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696347/GettyImages_1228990258_copy.jpg"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1625349834_9365_49716" data-cdata='{"asset_id":22696347,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/m90fVGqmCj-KwWApmAHMM3zrVVk=/0x0:3000x1987/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x1987):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696347/GettyImages_1228990258_copy.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ZUYLRGyku0-BT0j93wqCyZ4u7xY=/0x0:3000x1987/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x1987):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696347/GettyImages_1228990258_copy.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/udEpD4yPj-QX-zsbF0Fb7S_I0eA=/0x0:3000x1987/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x1987):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696347/GettyImages_1228990258_copy.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/JWmj9q6k07u_oJrVx4GpE398qsc=/0x0:3000x1987/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x1987):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696347/GettyImages_1228990258_copy.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Az-rbC98k4LUzm8E5tKuTHkiuII=/0x0:3000x1987/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x1987):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696347/GettyImages_1228990258_copy.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/s-Vpr2KQiOfhUQSeSQ3Ubv_KWac=/0x0:3000x1987/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x1987):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696347/GettyImages_1228990258_copy.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/93zE6fF6VyMg8HptMyednu-SNsE=/0x0:3000x1987/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x1987):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696347/GettyImages_1228990258_copy.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/vMPx1-L_7uRnBGztY-WFTebksIk=/0x0:3000x1987/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x1987):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696347/GettyImages_1228990258_copy.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/VvgR37ctEKsL_tT3Atmh6HIFdg0=/0x0:3000x1987/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x1987):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696347/GettyImages_1228990258_copy.jpg 1920w" sizes="90vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="A person with two cameras on tripods stands on a hilltop at night with the starry sky behind them." data-upload-width="3000" sizes="90vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/mZGwDmRvg9n_aKwPzBL0SV3kRVo=/0x0:3000x1987/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x1987):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696347/GettyImages_1228990258_copy.jpg" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ZLGNvR0BfTGhsgL09shn2YgIgNg=/0x0:3000x1987/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x1987):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696347/GettyImages_1228990258_copy.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/lEuVkx33gc-ESVu3y9PuB1igMv4=/0x0:3000x1987/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x1987):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696347/GettyImages_1228990258_copy.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/dydrBTxLkLOTAdSt6DwPgFpFILo=/0x0:3000x1987/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x1987):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696347/GettyImages_1228990258_copy.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/WPEqV7OBBVn7n1lVOqL-GLqorOo=/0x0:3000x1987/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x1987):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696347/GettyImages_1228990258_copy.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/KjYWX-KsoTtJMBbSdZxZ6X04N6s=/0x0:3000x1987/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x1987):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696347/GettyImages_1228990258_copy.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/qchlv_j8CSwJ-o05nbFwgfz9eaE=/0x0:3000x1987/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x1987):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696347/GettyImages_1228990258_copy.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/k2orAADumGHchRNJfmNt_8kJsdI=/0x0:3000x1987/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x1987):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696347/GettyImages_1228990258_copy.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/O-KvC7CrQ-7lKJ2CULZ0dOcXs0s=/0x0:3000x1987/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x1987):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696347/GettyImages_1228990258_copy.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/2WJFO9jqsASiEeqR1Hg7dhe3AZc=/0x0:3000x1987/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x1987):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696347/GettyImages_1228990258_copy.jpg 1920w" /></picture></span></span>
<figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">Cihan Onen of Bitlis Eren University takes photos of the Milky Way, in Turkey on September 22, 2020.</span></figcaption>
<span class="e-image__meta"><cite>Ahmet Okur/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images</cite></span></figure>
</div>
<p>If the extraterrestrial hypothesis is wrong simply because we’re the only species that has even gotten this far, that’s alarming for a different reason. It implies that if we screw up, that’s it: The universe would be left as a desolate compilation of stars and planets without any thinking creatures on them. Nothing capable of empathizing or acting morally would exist anymore.</p>
<p>Skeptic though I am, there is a part of me that wants the objects in the sky to be aliens because the alternative is so dismal. I want to know what these objects really are because the stakes are high enough that we need to get this right. But in a way, our current state of relative ignorance can be a bit of a silver lining — there’s comfort in the thought that we don’t know the answer yet, and that we can’t quite close the door on the possibility of life beyond Earth.</p>
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<br />
source <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/22556083/ufo-uap-report-fermi-paradox-aliens">https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/22556083/ufo-uap-report-fermi-paradox-aliens</a>

vox What if the truth isn’t out there?

The US military’s official report on UFOs is here, and its conclusion is scintillating: There’s some stuff in the sky, the government isn’t sure what it is, there’s no evidence that it’s aliens, but also no one’s ruling out aliens. So in conclusion, …

Movies like Summer of Soul can reclaim America’s important buried history

<p>Two summers ago, I <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-highlight/2019/8/13/20758555/woodstock-50-anniversary-summer-of-love-documentary-generation">wrote about Woodstock</a>. 2019 marked the 50th anniversary of the famous (perhaps infamous) music festival, and a ripe time to evaluate its legacy as captured in a landmark concert documentary. After all, it’s iconic; if you mention the place, people think of semi-naked hippies in a field and Jimi Hendrix absolutely shredding “The Star-Spangled Banner.”</p>
<p>But I was writing about the 50th anniversary of Woodstock before <em>Summer of Soul</em> <em>(... Or, When the Revolution Could Not Be Televised)</em> came out. In hindsight, after watching this absolutely spectacular barnburner of a concert documentary, I’m sad we weren’t talking about Harlem ’69 alongside Woodstock ’69.</p>
<p>Sad, but not particularly surprised it wasn’t on our collective radar.</p>
<figure class="e-image"><span class="e-image__inner"><span class="e-image__image" data-original="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695661/summer1.jpeg"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1625349669_4486_15894" data-cdata='{"asset_id":22695661,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/kJEYPB2U3XgUCyIVwR6mVhWrbs4=/0x0:2048x1536/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1536):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695661/summer1.jpeg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/gIWCDsVG3XO2WUD08BLa3Pc3cS4=/0x0:2048x1536/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1536):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695661/summer1.jpeg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/jboDePJuJGTXTJWlF065xGgspQw=/0x0:2048x1536/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1536):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695661/summer1.jpeg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/-4Z4SvEB0NcKMAgsqo07Pk4jc38=/0x0:2048x1536/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1536):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695661/summer1.jpeg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/I7tgmiG89jY99_WNe9HLj6iUSNA=/0x0:2048x1536/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1536):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695661/summer1.jpeg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/rdOXsokaZG_q8Fczi1gnulvlVkI=/0x0:2048x1536/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1536):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695661/summer1.jpeg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/iVf5HCBOlFZbUdgwAXD4RtyA1O4=/0x0:2048x1536/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1536):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695661/summer1.jpeg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/yq6ynGAUborylANL_emPcGhQXfI=/0x0:2048x1536/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1536):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695661/summer1.jpeg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/5XvNvuENyhtm6oL5Bvu16Q2Fcw4=/0x0:2048x1536/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1536):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695661/summer1.jpeg 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="Five singers on stage, backed by a band." data-upload-width="2048" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/eQyFoxeeVeMyjvSAD4E9iB5vSU0=/0x0:2048x1536/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1536):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695661/summer1.jpeg" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/dG5PhxMjrTbFFQ5auqxOxGurN28=/0x0:2048x1536/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1536):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695661/summer1.jpeg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/AVa7Ro1s9P121az0Hf-aIWBnK2E=/0x0:2048x1536/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1536):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695661/summer1.jpeg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Em91WlNpaqCAATkscyCRFzQBMeE=/0x0:2048x1536/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1536):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695661/summer1.jpeg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/gnokKmEiokgb3CceKZVh5y2dzAY=/0x0:2048x1536/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1536):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695661/summer1.jpeg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/RGBV0E16eYlVM1UmOlfM148aXNs=/0x0:2048x1536/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1536):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695661/summer1.jpeg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/eDHHgvXABySkAJEW82r3ZJxBJCk=/0x0:2048x1536/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1536):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695661/summer1.jpeg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/-9-EuW40_PmFU8_tZ9Cc6ERa8q0=/0x0:2048x1536/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1536):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695661/summer1.jpeg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/XlWjZIn2YS93CLTN88aetv-kFg8=/0x0:2048x1536/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1536):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695661/summer1.jpeg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/tKqOvtGCzZQZENwwGhAPzpDuFGE=/0x0:2048x1536/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2048x1536):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695661/summer1.jpeg 1920w" /></picture></span></span>
<figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">The 5th Dimension performing at the Harlem Cultural Festival.</span></figcaption>
<span class="e-image__meta"><cite>Searchlight Pictures</cite></span></figure>
<p>Hopefully, you don’t need much convincing to watch <em>Summer of Soul</em> (and you have two options, on Hulu or, better, in a theater). Ahmir Thompson, a.k.a. Questlove, directed the film, which is mostly a concert documentary comprised of astounding, never-before-seen footage.</p>
<p>In 1969, following a tumultuous year in America generally and New York City specifically, the city announced a series of concerts to take place over six weekends in Mount Morris Park (now Marcus Garvey Park), nestled into the heart of Manhattan’s Harlem neighborhood at the epicenter of Black cultural life. About 300,000 people attended in total (Woodstock, 100 miles to the north, attracted around 400,000). They called the event the Harlem Cultural Festival. The coffee brand Maxwell House was the sponsor. Jesse Jackson and Mayor John Lindsay showed up.</p>
<p>The main attraction was the music. And what a lineup! Nina Simone. B.B. King. Gladys Knight and the Pips. Mahalia Jackson. Pops Staples and the Staples Sisters, one of whom was named Mavis. The 5th Dimension. Herbie Mann. The Edwin Hawkins Singers. Mongo Santamaria. Moms Mabley. Max Roach. Stevie Wonder. Sly and the Family Stone, for whose performance the NYPD refused to provide security, so the Black Panthers did instead. There was Motown and gospel, soul and funk. And that’s just scratching the surface.</p>
<p>The entire series of concerts was filmed by a crew (just like Woodstock), with director and producer Al Tulchin at the helm. But in <em>Summer of Soul</em>, Tulchin explains that he tried to sell the footage for broadcast afterward, billing it as “Black Woodstock” to explain what the event had been, and found no takers. “Nobody cared about Harlem,” he says.</p>
<p>It’s not as if the concert featured obscure acts that drew no interest outside of Harlem, or even outside Black communities. They were driving American music and topping the charts. That didn’t matter to decision-makers. And so, the footage more or less sat in a can in someone’s basement for 50 years. Then, in recent years, producer Robert Fyvolent found out about it and bought the rights from Tulchin. Now, we have <em>Summer of Soul</em>.</p>
<p>Every moment is a surprise. After a while, you’ll find yourself sitting with mouth agape, waiting to see which incredible cultural icon will walk out onto the stage next. The footage is kinetic and vivid, shot from angles that emphasize how the crowd is responding to each performance, pulling in close to faces dripping with sweat and emotion, and sometimes shooting from the stage, through gaps between instruments, to reveal faces thrilled with the show.</p>
<p>I’ll never recover from watching Mahalia Jackson and Mavis Staples sing “Precious Lord, Take My Hand” on the same mic, so close we can see their individual teeth. It’s a song Jackson had performed alongside Martin Luther King Jr. many times before; King had been murdered a year before the concerts.</p>
<figure class="e-image"><span class="e-image__inner"><span class="e-image__image" data-original="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695664/summer5.jpeg"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1625349669_3614_15895" data-cdata='{"asset_id":22695664,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/dpS3XeWS-JJ5NhZwWICUJYAUspM=/0x0:1280x720/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1280x720):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695664/summer5.jpeg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ESlX7CGBsRopHTwJzs4v7I2UICU=/0x0:1280x720/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1280x720):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695664/summer5.jpeg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/tCHQ9hVVm3_HHpHBXcjih-dHoEM=/0x0:1280x720/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1280x720):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695664/summer5.jpeg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/kimea_a5-KDW7aW3Yc_Bd31RCtk=/0x0:1280x720/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1280x720):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695664/summer5.jpeg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Qqvgm7PcxN3Qmiz91H1vb5GiyGA=/0x0:1280x720/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:1280x720):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695664/summer5.jpeg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/78ezP6eYrjVrwmdYd4obYsrO2KM=/0x0:1280x720/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1280x720):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695664/summer5.jpeg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/MIe2VgFMtOSVQu-lcfM8jzM6O2A=/0x0:1280x720/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1280x720):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695664/summer5.jpeg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/uAHFpMq23D2QDAOyyKokfMjnkps=/0x0:1280x720/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1280x720):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695664/summer5.jpeg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/oBqynLDJJjIO7tibwGspCZoZSS4=/0x0:1280x720/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1280x720):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695664/summer5.jpeg 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="Two women sing into a microphone." data-upload-width="1280" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Axx1UGN7lYctC87RVnblk3rA1ts=/0x0:1280x720/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:1280x720):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695664/summer5.jpeg" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/LdEpOO_UYBhFL82uZ4s6RLb1pNw=/0x0:1280x720/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1280x720):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695664/summer5.jpeg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/nsoWI3n42AGvIo28HpQ-q67QMe8=/0x0:1280x720/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1280x720):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695664/summer5.jpeg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/D0JUhiXByV0SEZTF8sGHBd4cHtM=/0x0:1280x720/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1280x720):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695664/summer5.jpeg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/jW9ssoWYVUV4e8eHibK0A2vbiCY=/0x0:1280x720/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1280x720):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695664/summer5.jpeg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/RJN4sfZDA6n2uIP3XGNfM8tUm5I=/0x0:1280x720/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:1280x720):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695664/summer5.jpeg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/0CQf5Bn7C6gNt3AaXkm1txmbJC0=/0x0:1280x720/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1280x720):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695664/summer5.jpeg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/BnUwWGydS8PupCObKZI5M29b7hE=/0x0:1280x720/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1280x720):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695664/summer5.jpeg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/yi7s4_4IFW07jpHX10738-J8-lw=/0x0:1280x720/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1280x720):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695664/summer5.jpeg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/XKNEQfnDfHqvMohu1HHlzJjQgI0=/0x0:1280x720/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1280x720):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695664/summer5.jpeg 1920w" /></picture></span></span>
<figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">Mavis Staples and Mahalia Jackson in <em>Summer of Soul.</em></span></figcaption>
<span class="e-image__meta"><cite>Searchlight Pictures</cite></span></figure>
<p>“Gospel was more than religious,” Al Sharpton explains. “Gospel was the therapy for the stress and pressure of being Black in America. We didn’t know anything about therapists, but we knew Mahalia Jackson.”</p>
<p>Thompson, realizing that the significance of the event to the Black community of the historical moment could use contemporary reinforcement, brings in commentators — mostly people who were there more than 50 years ago — to talk about what it meant to see a crowd full of Black faces celebrating. Or to have the concerts occur in a moment of revolution, of crystallizing Black identity. “By the fashion in the crowd, you could see the change happening,” one commentator says.</p>
<p>A generational shift was taking place among Black Americans, and it mattered that the concerts occurred while debates raged within Harlem itself about nonviolence and militance, about expanding consciousness to encompass a whole range of cultures who’d been shut out by mainstream white America.</p>
<p>In one sequence, Thompson weaves together a poignant exploration of the moon landing, which occurred in the midst of the festival’s run, and what the people gathered in Mount Morris Park were thinking during that “giant leap for mankind.” Archival footage reveals people significantly less convinced that landing on the moon was worth spending money that could have been used to relieve poverty and hunger down here on earth. In a manner that recounts a documentary like 2016’s <a href="https://www.vox.com/2016/6/11/11895826/oj-made-in-america-espn-oj-simpson"><em>O.J.: Made in America</em></a>, <em>Summer of Soul</em> deftly weaves the mood of the time and the long history of Black expression through music into this one moment, and it practically explodes off the screen.</p>
<p>That we’ve been talking about Woodstock and not the Harlem Cultural Festival all this time as if it’s the moment in which a generation emerged is not all that surprising. “The so-called powers that are, or were, didn’t find it significant enough to keep it as a part of history,” one participant in the film notes. It wasn’t like the festival’s essential erasure from cultural memory was an anomaly; Black history gets memory-holed all the time. It doesn’t happen by accident. Powerful people make choices about what they think is worth preserving in the cultural memory, and what’s just fine to forget.</p>
<figure class="e-image"><span class="e-image__inner"><span class="e-image__image" data-original="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695667/summer4.jpeg"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1625349669_7915_15896" data-cdata='{"asset_id":22695667,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/OuxZJV2w79Bb_UJy3WX_UQVQ0to=/0x0:2502x1592/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2502x1592):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695667/summer4.jpeg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/7_QoE4HtRZ-HSg14cTUZW1uPlSA=/0x0:2502x1592/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2502x1592):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695667/summer4.jpeg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/fSault-j713fmlu1YkmcScakDns=/0x0:2502x1592/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2502x1592):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695667/summer4.jpeg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/VPLZfFmaiD7jeuwBaTJP5t48B1s=/0x0:2502x1592/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2502x1592):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695667/summer4.jpeg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/6cbxfmHdlX05AYAV5k2wciY1I0c=/0x0:2502x1592/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:2502x1592):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695667/summer4.jpeg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/83Da_Duge_SygD9CIomPWnFEo14=/0x0:2502x1592/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2502x1592):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695667/summer4.jpeg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/6QGvV-yLQygejdoWwLX30UdU7Gg=/0x0:2502x1592/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2502x1592):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695667/summer4.jpeg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/8l7RFvUjuaNQ_GOR9UiuNHLmPz8=/0x0:2502x1592/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2502x1592):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695667/summer4.jpeg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/oUvMX9ptYltezVdd7-cwusZKf9w=/0x0:2502x1592/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2502x1592):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695667/summer4.jpeg 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="A woman mugs for the camera, followed by three dancing men." data-upload-width="2502" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/tbvfBi8c6QEQlFMCYRW8AzAQQbM=/0x0:2502x1592/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:2502x1592):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695667/summer4.jpeg" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ej7yI3yOdI3o78fJG8aYf1khYfI=/0x0:2502x1592/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2502x1592):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695667/summer4.jpeg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/1wGXuA7FKlF6mGm6YbRNUqHA0BE=/0x0:2502x1592/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2502x1592):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695667/summer4.jpeg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Sh_WRpjcZjYJYDvW2tgWiMiltlQ=/0x0:2502x1592/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2502x1592):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695667/summer4.jpeg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/YpxZzVwHgqp8JsOl2CGt5d3IdFY=/0x0:2502x1592/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2502x1592):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695667/summer4.jpeg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/8iBImJPHxTWTmsNT0rQY2DST4d4=/0x0:2502x1592/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:2502x1592):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695667/summer4.jpeg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/H0RKYuDTZS6Qi-_vOYzgXAwhY-M=/0x0:2502x1592/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2502x1592):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695667/summer4.jpeg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/kh-4QKJxgG_G_RfTEC4TzZoyzlE=/0x0:2502x1592/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2502x1592):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695667/summer4.jpeg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/EN2vi59A3i3xZS_iffKi9l8Li9Y=/0x0:2502x1592/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2502x1592):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695667/summer4.jpeg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/bkeNlYVst76JR_t2ru_Uf0bkVq0=/0x0:2502x1592/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2502x1592):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22695667/summer4.jpeg 1920w" /></picture></span></span>
<figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">Gladys Knight and the Pips in <em>Summer of Soul.</em></span></figcaption>
<span class="e-image__meta"><cite>Searchlight Pictures</cite></span></figure>
<p>That’s why a movie like <em>Summer of Soul</em> matters. It’s not just a blast to watch — and it truly is a blast. It’s another tiny step in reclaiming the full history of America, expanding the context of our present not just for people who remember the past, but people who never knew about it in the first place. We’re fools if we don’t think burying the era-changing import of events like these is as much a part of American history as the events themselves — and movies like <em>Summer of Soul</em> fight back bringing the past vibrantly to life.</p>
<p>At the beginning of the film, Musa Jackson, who attended the festival as a kid, sits down to be interviewed about the experience. Off-camera, Thompson tells him that he’s going to start playing footage so Jackson can see it as he answers questions. But as soon as the light of the screen falls on his face, Jackson is transfixed, unable to answer questions, his eyes starting to grow wet. At the end of the film, he says that watching the footage moved something within him that always kind of doubted that his memory of the festival was real. Crying, he says, “I knew I was not crazy. But now I <em>know</em> I’m not. And this is just confirmation.”</p>
<p>Then he smiles. “And not only that,” Jackson says. “But how beautiful it was.”</p>
<p>Summer of Soul (... Or, When the Revolution Could Not Be Televised) <em>is playing in theaters and streaming on Hulu.</em></p>
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<br />
source <a href="https://www.vox.com/22559380/summer-of-soul-review-harlem-black-woodstock-historical-memory">https://www.vox.com/22559380/summer-of-soul-review-harlem-black-woodstock-historical-memory</a>

vox Movies like Summer of Soul can reclaim America’s important buried history

Two summers ago, I wrote about Woodstock. 2019 marked the 50th anniversary of the famous (perhaps infamous) music festival, and a ripe time to evaluate its legacy as captured in a landmark concert documentary. After all, it’s iconic; if you mention t…

The US power grid isn’t ready for climate change

<p>In Portland, Oregon, this week, the recorded official temperature <a href="https://www.vox.com/22557563/how-to-redesign-cities-for-heat-waves-climate-change">reached 115 degrees Fahrenheit</a>, power <a href="https://www.wired.com/story/oregons-buckled-roads-melted-cables-warning-signs/">cables for the city’s streetcars melted</a>, sagging overhead wires forced the <a href="https://news.trimet.org/2021/06/trimet-immediately-suspends-all-max-service-until-tuesday-june-29-due-to-record-setting-temperatures/">light rail to shut down</a>, and more than <a href="https://www.oregonlive.com/weather/2021/06/over-5000-pge-customers-lose-power-amid-record-heat-wave.html">6,000 people lost electricity</a>.</p>
<p>But it’s far from the first time extreme weather has caused serious problems with the power grid in recent months. During the winter storm that hit Texas in February, <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-02-15/winter-s-fury-unleashes-brutal-cold-over-u-s-with-more-to-come">nearly 5 million</a> <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/2/16/22284140/texas-blackout-outage-winter-storm-uri-ercot-power-grid-cold-snow-austin-houston-dallas">people lost power</a>. In June, California <a href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2021/06/25/california-didnt-require-electric-car-owners-stop-charging/5320286001/">suggested</a> that residents charge their electric vehicles during off-peak hours to save energy. And for the first time ever, after power outages hit several neighborhoods during this week’s heat wave, New York City officials sent residents <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/30/nyregion/nyc-energy-alert-heatwave.html">an emergency mobile alert</a> urging them to conserve energy.</p>
<p>It’s abundantly clear that the power grid in the United States is not ready for the effects of climate change, including the <a href="https://www.vox.com/22287295/texas-uri-climate-change-cold-polar-vortex-arctic">extreme weather events</a> that <a href="https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/weather-climate">come with it</a>. After all, climate change isn’t just increasing the demand for energy to keep people cool or warm amid heat waves and winter storms. It’s also damaging the grid itself. The country is now in a race against time to shift its energy supply toward renewable sources, like wind and solar, while also needing more and more electricity to do everything from powering more air conditioning to boosting the <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/29/climate/gm-electric-cars-power-grid.html">number of EVs on the road</a>.</p>
<p>“I would probably give our power grid maybe a C minus,” <a href="https://www.colorado.edu/ceae/kyri-baker">Kyri Baker</a>, an engineering professor at the University of Colorado Boulder, told Recode. “It’s like this perfect storm of extreme temperatures, more electricity consumption, and aging infrastructure.”</p>
<p>Having a reliable power grid can be a matter of life and death. In the most severe power outages during the winter storm in Texas this past February, 700 people are estimated to have died, according to <a href="https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/peteraldhous/texas-winter-storm-power-outage-death-toll">BuzzFeed</a>. <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/07/01/weather/pacific-northwest-extreme-heat-thursday/index.html">Hundreds of people died</a> during this past week’s heat wave in the Pacific Northwest and Canada. Meanwhile, the effects of heat waves have been <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/jul/28/us-racial-injustices-will-worsen-climate-crisis-escalates">disproportionately</a> worse for historically marginalized brown, Black, and Indigenous communities. People who are elderly, very young, who have certain medication conditions, or who work outdoors <a href="https://www.vox.com/22538401/heat-wave-record-temperature-extreme-climate-change-drought">are also more likely</a> to feel the impacts of extreme heat.</p>
<p>Climate change means that extreme weather events are becoming more <a href="https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/weather-climate#:~:text=Scientific%20studies%20indicate%20that%20extreme,storms%2C%20floods%2C%20and%20droughts.">intense and common</a>, which is worrisome not just because the power grid is aging. The grid is woefully unprepared for an imminent and disturbing future.</p>
<p>Last year, <a href="https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/natural-gas/use-of-natural-gas.php">about 40 percent of the country’s electricity generation</a> came from natural gas. While the grid still relies on a good amount of <a href="https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/electricity/electricity-in-the-us.php">coal-based power</a>, a growing share of power is coming from renewable sources, like solar and wind power, which will hopefully make the grid more sustainable. But while some of these sources are a lot worse for the environment than others, they all contribute electricity to the grid, a giant engineering system full of high- and low-voltage wires, sensors, poles, and transformers that work together to transport electricity to your home.</p>
<p>Electricity travels across the grid, moving from high-voltage lines that carry the electricity across long distances to low-voltage lines, a process known as “<a href="https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/how-does-us-power-grid-work">stepping down</a>.” The low-voltage lines distribute that electricity to buildings and then individual appliances and electronics. But there are hurdles. Right now, the country is still facing problems with the <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2021/06/29/power-grid-problems/">congestion of transmission lines</a> that have maxed out on the amount of electricity they can carry. In Vermont, solar and wind energy have stalled because <a href="https://www.vpr.org/vpr-news/2020-12-15/transmission-grid-bottlenecks-in-northeast-kingdom-stall-solar-development#stream/0">the grid is already too constrained</a>.</p>
<p>“So it’s not like you can just set up a wire from point A to point B and everything will be fine,” Sam Gomberg, a senior energy analyst at the Union of Concerned Scientists, explained. “You need to set up little steps along the way to guide that electricity in the direction that you want it to go so that it ultimately ends up at your home.”</p>
<p>The US power grid is actually made up of several regional grids, or interconnections, that are tied together and operate on a synchronized frequency of 60 hertz. While these systems are very large, oversight of the grid is somewhat patchwork. Generating power for the grid are more than <a href="https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=65&t=2">10,000 power plants in the country</a>. But the grid itself, including transmission and distribution systems, is operated by a mix of state-owned and private entities, including some public-private collaborations. Then, local utility companies like Con Edison in New York City and PG&E in San Francisco ultimately deliver electricity to peoples’ homes.</p>
<p>“The unique thing about the power system versus any other type of infrastructure is that it’s almost instantaneous,” Baker, of UC Boulder, told Recode. “So if I turn on a light in my house, there is an instantaneous mismatch in supply and demand. And the power plants actually respond almost in real time to that increase in demand.”</p>
<p>At the same time, that means not being hooked up with a broader system can cause problems. Texas, for instance, has opted to <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zcrsgdl_hP0">operate its own electric grid</a>, which is largely independent from other regional power systems. While this has given the state more autonomy, some have argued that Texas could have avoided such devastating outages this past winter if the state’s grid had been able to draw from other power sources. Notably, nearby Oklahoma was able to turn to other states to keep its power on during the same storm.</p>
<p>Summer heat can interfere with the US power supply in many ways.</p>
<p>Hot weather can drive up energy demands, often to power air conditioners, which can overload the electric grid and cause brownouts — partial outages that reduce the overall power available. At the same time, high temperatures <a href="https://www.vox.com/22308149/texas-blackout-power-outage-winter-uri-grid-ercot">can make power plants less effective</a>, limit the amount of energy power lines can carry, and make failures more likely in transformers, which help control the voltage throughout the power grid.</p>
<p>That’s why, during the summer months, you might receive an alert telling you to cut back on electricity usage, like delaying vacuuming until the evening. If the problem gets bad enough, utilities might even use rolling blackouts — when a utility company temporarily shuts down electrical power for different areas in order to avoid overloading the entire system — in order to protect the grid. Of course, while officials might deem these steps necessary, rolling blackouts can be inconvenient and even risky for residents who need power to stay cool during heat waves. This past week, New York’s power company Con Edison <a href="https://abc7ny.com/power-outages-nyc-con-ed-outage-edison/10846373/">distributed dry ice</a> to some residents of Greenpoint, Brooklyn, who were left without air conditioning during a power outage.</p>
<p>The heat can cause problems for the electric grid beyond overcapacity. If the weather gets hot enough, power lines start to sag — a result of the metal inside them expanding — and risk striking a tree and starting a fire. At the same time, power plants are highly dependent on water, which they need to cool down their systems. This means that as hot and dry weather drives up demand for air conditioning, the increased need for energy is also driving up the power grid’s demand for water, which is often in short supply during periods of drought. Cooling systems <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/science/environment/heat-wave-drought-strain-us-power-grid-rcna1315">need electricity, too</a>, adding even more demand for energy.</p>
<figure class="e-image"><span class="e-image__inner"><span class="e-image__image" data-original="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696715/GettyImages_1228332941.jpg"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1625350045_783_45283" data-cdata='{"asset_id":22696715,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/19AglPdevbE6UCeuVrGK6Z_T-30=/0x0:2152x1435/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2152x1435):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696715/GettyImages_1228332941.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/R89BBm8tDYp0bFS22Yma_pNFCMc=/0x0:2152x1435/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2152x1435):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696715/GettyImages_1228332941.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/c--wj2KclfjS20e_4BXg2r5WkkM=/0x0:2152x1435/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2152x1435):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696715/GettyImages_1228332941.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/pA7gFbzk_rNxOn8kvDaZ7C-nWsw=/0x0:2152x1435/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2152x1435):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696715/GettyImages_1228332941.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/EDda-SgE4u2bv9UY48psqb9w-5Q=/0x0:2152x1435/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:2152x1435):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696715/GettyImages_1228332941.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/GTPe1c8lVvczoYHO-qMQ3aDDq4s=/0x0:2152x1435/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2152x1435):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696715/GettyImages_1228332941.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/nRuEJoji5swXYc9MhUhmRWM-UIg=/0x0:2152x1435/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2152x1435):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696715/GettyImages_1228332941.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/HfhqUGfYAYpM0IG5X0JyptRmayE=/0x0:2152x1435/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2152x1435):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696715/GettyImages_1228332941.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/TMSm5yJm55pwNG-FWfmk-dadIp0=/0x0:2152x1435/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2152x1435):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696715/GettyImages_1228332941.jpg 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="Power lines and trees silhouetted by the setting sun." data-upload-width="2152" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/uz40EWkK6A_-c5h4yDIIHZbokqE=/0x0:2152x1435/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:2152x1435):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696715/GettyImages_1228332941.jpg" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/tGCMwOyjKmzEd-IW3DoUAUcPz_4=/0x0:2152x1435/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2152x1435):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696715/GettyImages_1228332941.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/7Nwft-0JszCnV8VVm8kyrkVib_M=/0x0:2152x1435/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2152x1435):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696715/GettyImages_1228332941.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/wLM_IaFlLC5NTWHp98kX0t68J90=/0x0:2152x1435/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2152x1435):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696715/GettyImages_1228332941.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/n8oUVubOiq-HnqUeEASGWWWxpcI=/0x0:2152x1435/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2152x1435):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696715/GettyImages_1228332941.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/AEGNPcnxh9IAfhI3816ZoTLsDLw=/0x0:2152x1435/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:2152x1435):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696715/GettyImages_1228332941.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/IotqzjubwR4NloEVag02fFhyxNw=/0x0:2152x1435/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2152x1435):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696715/GettyImages_1228332941.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/qN8orQ7nk6khZmqM_FnzBVwMwYo=/0x0:2152x1435/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2152x1435):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696715/GettyImages_1228332941.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/gB4NI-nbumSP21GYNzw3bt2ZTro=/0x0:2152x1435/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2152x1435):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696715/GettyImages_1228332941.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Js_Oz3n_stJmWQ3TU7h6Ac2-RdA=/0x0:2152x1435/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2152x1435):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22696715/GettyImages_1228332941.jpg 1920w" /></picture></span></span>
<figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">Heat can do damage to power lines and make them less effective.</span></figcaption>
<span class="e-image__meta"><cite>Frederic J. Brown/AFP via Getty Images</cite></span></figure>
<p>“We’re trying to project the weather two years from now or five years from now, and climate change is making it more difficult,” Anjan Bose, <a href="https://school.eecs.wsu.edu/bose-biography/">an electrical engineering professor</a> at Washington State University, told Recode. “If you can’t project the weather, you can’t project the load demand.”</p>
<p>Eventually, individual energy users become aware of these problems. This summer, California’s state power grid operator <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/california-warned-brace-another-summer-energy-blackouts-n1268879">warned that people</a> should prepare for temporary power outages. Last week, Portland had to shut down streetcar service. And in areas where there’s a high wildfire risk, utility companies <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/pg-e-warns-of-more-blackouts-during-californias-wildfire-season-11623414658">might order rolling blackouts</a> to lessen the risk of an overloaded grid causing additional fires.</p>
<p>Fixing the power grid can’t be done in one fell swoop. Instead, the grid will need to be updated by transitioning to cleaner energy sources like wind and solar, adapting grid and energy storage infrastructure to adjust to these new types of power, and changing our approach to energy consumption in general.</p>
<p>The system also needs to predict and respond to changes in energy demand. One part of the solution is smart grid technologies, which <a href="https://www.energy.gov/oe/activities/technology-development/grid-modernization-and-smart-grid">use internet-connected sensors</a> on various parts of the grid to collect a lot more detailed data about how well those parts are working. That real-time data can also help utility companies quickly resolve potential problems before they become widespread. The Biden administration <a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/04/27/fact-sheet-biden-administration-advances-expansion-modernization-of-the-electric-grid/">supports deploying</a> this tech, which could be key to making power grids more resilient.</p>
<p>In April, the White House also <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/biden-releases-money-in-push-to-modernize-u-s-electric-grid">freed up $8 billion</a> in order to boost the grid’s capacity to support renewable energy, and committed to making it easier for new, renewables-focused transmission lines to be approved. Joe Biden is now pushing to modernize the grid as part of <a href="https://www.vox.com/22553888/joe-biden-infrastructure-deal-bipartisanship-democrats-republicans">his massive infrastructure plan</a>. Through that plan, the president is hoping that the government <a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/06/24/fact-sheet-president-biden-announces-support-for-the-bipartisan-infrastructure-framework/">will be able to spend at least $73 billion on improvements</a>, including building thousands of miles of new transmission lines to expand renewable energy. This will be key to making renewables more feasible. As Vox’s Umair Irfan and Rebecca Leber explain:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Transmission lines can link areas that need energy with places where wind and solar power are cheap, which can be separated by thousands of miles. This would help boost the business case for wind and solar power. The proposal calls for a new grid authority to facilitate clean energy transmission, and an infrastructure financing authority to help come up with the money to pay for it.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>But changes have to go beyond the federal government. Equipment needs to be updated <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2021/06/29/power-grid-problems/">on the regional and local level</a>, too. Whether Biden will succeed in addressing the complex challenges of updating the grid remains to be seen. Without government action, private companies may be left with the job of fixing the grid, and there’s no guarantee they’ll put the long-term protection of the US power supply <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/20/us/texas-storm-electric-bills.html">ahead of their profits</a>.</p>
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source <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/2021/7/3/22560691/power-grid-climate-change-heat-wave">https://www.vox.com/recode/2021/7/3/22560691/power-grid-climate-change-heat-wave</a>

vox The US power grid isn’t ready for climate change

In Portland, Oregon, this week, the recorded official temperature reached 115 degrees Fahrenheit, power cables for the city’s streetcars melted, sagging overhead wires forced the light rail to shut down, and more than 6,000 people lost electricity. B…