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SHOCKING! – Number of Adverse Reactions to Covid Vaccines surpasses One Million according to UK Gov.’s 22nd update

<p><strong>The U.K. Government have released the 22nd update highlighting adverse reactions to the Pfizer / BioNTech mRNA vaccine, Oxford / AstraZeneca Viral Vectored vaccine, and Moderna mRNA vaccine which have all been authorised for emergency use only in the United Kingdom.</strong></p>
<p><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-adverse-reactions/coronavirus-vaccine-summary-of-yellow-card-reporting#annex-1-vaccine-analysis-print" target="_blank">The 22nd update</a> covers adverse reactions inputted to the MHRA Yellow Card Scheme from the 9th December 2020, the day after the first Pfizer jab was administered in the United Kingdom up to the 23rd June 2021.</p>
<p>In the week since the 21st report, which covered adverse reactions reported up to the 21st February 2021, there have been a further 5,352 Yellow Cards for the Pfizer vaccine, 6,118 Yellow Cards for the Oxford vaccine, and 1,357 Yellow Cards for the Moderna vaccine.</p>
<p>However this does not reflect the total number of adverse reactions as a Yellow Card report can contain multiple averse reactions, and it is estimated that around only 1% – 10% of adverse reactions to the Covid jabs are actually reported to the scheme.</p>
<p>The Pfizer jab has so far had 223,404 reported adverse reactions, whereas the Oxford jab has had more than three times the amount, with 762,706 adverse reactions being reported up the 23rd June 2021. There have also been 18,548 adverse reactions to the Moderna vaccine, and 2,595 adverse reactions where the brand of vaccine was not specified. This means the total number of adverse reactions to the Covid vaccines has now surpassed the one million mark in the United Kingdom, now standing at a total of 1,007,253.</p>
<p>This means that for every 43 people that have been vaccinated an adverse reaction has been suffered.</p>
<p>We took a dive into the UK Governments 22nd update on adverse reactions to the Covid jabs and this is what we found…</p>
<p><em>(We used the data shown in the UK Governments Analysis Print of the Pfizer vaccine {<a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/970504/COVID-19_mRNA_Pfizer-_BioNTech_Vaccine_Analysis_Print.pdf" target="_blank">which you can find here</a>} + Analysis Print of the Oxford Vaccine {<a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/970505/COVID-19_AstraZeneca_Vaccine_Analysis_Print.pdf" target="_blank">which you can find here</a>}.)</em></p>
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<p>The total number of blood disorders reported as adverse reactions to both the Pfizer and AstraZeneca vaccine now stands at 14,293 as of the 23rd June 2021. This includes ailments such as thrombocytopenia which is where your body has a low level of platelets in the blood. Severe forms of this ailment can lead to bleeding spontaneously from the eyes, gums, or bladder and can result in death. Which is exactly what has happened in the case of the Pfizer vaccine, with 54 cases of immune thrombocytopenia and 136 cases of thrombocytopenia being reported which have resulted in 1 death thus far.</p>
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<p>The AstraZeneca vaccine has caused 5 deaths due to thrombocytopenia, with 800 cases being reported to the MHRA Yellow Card Scheme as of the 23rd June 2021. On the 21st March there had only been 44 reported cases, meaning the number has increased by 1,718% in just three months.</p>
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<p>The total number of cardiac disorders reported as adverse reactions to both the Pfizer and AstraZeneca vaccine now stands at 11,040 with a total of 203 people sadly passing away after suffering a cardiac disorder adverse reaction to one of the two jabs. This includes serious events such as cardiac arrest of which the Pfizer jab has caused 76 times so far, with 27 of these resulting in death.</p>
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<p>The AstraZeneca jab has caused 146 people to suffer cardiac arrest so far with 32 of these sadly resulting in death. What’s also interesting to note here is the difference in the number of cardiac disorders occurring between the two vaccines. The MHRA are constantly telling us that there is no cause for concern as the adverse reactions that are occurring are in line with what we would expect to see within the general population. However if this were the case shouldn’t we be seeing a similar rate of occurrence to number of vaccines administered for both jabs?</p>
<p>There have been roughly 29 million doses of the Pfizer vaccine administered and around 45 million doses of the AstraZeneca jab administered. So that’s 55% more AstraZeneca jabs administered than the Pfizer jab as of the 23rd June 2021. However there have been 2,932 cardiac disorders as a result of the Pfizer jab and 8,108 cardiac disorders as a result of the AstraZeneca jab. That accounts to 176.5% more cardiac disorders occurring due to the AstraZeneca vaccine compared to the Pfizer vaccine. Shouldn’t it be around 55% more if we are to believe the MHRA that there is no cause for concern?</p>
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<p>Next we come to eye disorders, due to both types of Covid vaccine there have been 16,222 eye disorders reported to the MHRA as adverse reactions as of the 23rd June 2021. This includes people losing the ability to see all together, with the number of people now blind as a result of the Pfizer mRNA vaccine now standing at 58.</p>
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<p>But the AstraZeneca jab fares much worse with 247 people now blind as a result of having the Oxford jab. But this is an increase of 325.8% compared to the Pfizer jab, this doesn’t sound like the statistical norm to us.</p>
<p>The same can be said when comparing the total number of eye disorders. There have been 3,741 eye disorders reported as adverse reactions to the Pfizer jab, but there’s been a whopping 12,481 reported as adverse reactions to the AstraZeneca jab. That’s a 233.6% difference, not 55% which is surely what it should be if in line with the norm?</p>
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<p>Next up we have anaphylactic reactions. An anaphylactic reaction is a severe and potentially life-threatening reaction to a trigger. The trigger here being either the Pfizer jab or Oxford jab. Symptoms of anaphylaxis include feeling faint, finding it hard to breathe, a fast heartbeat and feeling anxious, and the condition needs to be treated in hospital at soon as possible. The Pfizer vaccine has accounted for 359 anaphylactic reactions so far, resulting in 2 deaths.</p>
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<p>But the AstraZeneca jab accounts for 631 cases of anaphylactic reaction, resulting in 2 deaths as of the 23rd June 2021, according to the MHRA Yellow Card scheme report.</p>
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<p>Let’s rewind back to the <a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/03/30/informed-consent-u-k-gov-release-8th-update-on-reported-adverse-reactions-to-the-covid-jabs-via-mhra-yellow-card-scheme/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span>eighth report released by the UK Government</span></a> which covered adverse reactions to the Covid vaccines reported to the MHRA Yellow Card Scheme up to the 14th March 2021. Within that report we found that there had been an increase in the number of central nervous system haemmorrhages and cerebrovascular accidents. All different types of stroke – which happen due to the rupture of an artery or… blood clots.</p>
<p>In the eighth report we found that there had been 10 cases of cerebral haemorrhage resulting in 3 deaths, 4 cases of cerebral infarction resulting in 1 death, 4 cases of haemorrhagic stroke resulting in 1 death and 12 cases of ischaemic stroke among many others. As well as 85 cerebrovascular accidents resulting in 7 deaths. All reported as adverse reactions to the Oxford / AstraZeneca vaccine.</p>
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<p>Well just four months later, as of the 23rd June 2021 the 10 cases of cerebral haemorrhage resulting in 3 deaths have increased to 143 cases of cerebral haemorrhage resulting in 40 deaths. That’s a 1,330% increase in the number of cases in just three months, and a 1,233.33% increase in the resultant deaths.</p>
<p>The 4 cases of cerebral infarction resulting in 1 death have increased to 81 cases of cerebral infarction resulting in 4 deaths. That’s a 1,925% increase in cases in just three months.</p>
<p>The 4 cases of haemorrhagic stroke resulting in 1 death have increased to 35 cases of haemorrhagic stroke in just three months resulting in 5 deaths. That’s a 775% increase in the number of cases, and a 400% increase in the number of resultant deaths.</p>
<p>The 12 cases of ischaemic stroke with 0 deaths have increased to 115 cases of ischaemic stroke resulting in 4 deaths. That’s a 858.3% increase in the number of cases in just three months.</p>
<p>But the most shocking increase of all is in the number of cerebrovascular accidents. The 85 reported cerebrovascular accidents resulting in 7 deaths as of the 14th march 2021 has increased to 977 cases in just three months and the number of deaths has increased more than five times to a total of 37. That is an astounding increase.</p>
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<p>All the more shocking due to the fact the numbers occurring due to the Pfizer vaccine are nowhere near, yet only 55% more AstraZeneca jabs have been administered. The number of cerebrovascular accidents as of the 14th March 2021 due to the Pfizer vaccine stood at 71, with 3 of these resulting in death.</p>
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<p>Fast forward three months to the 23rd June and that number has increased to 267, another 196 too many, with the deaths increasing to 12. However the number to have occurred due to the AstraZeneca jab is still 265.9% more than what has occurred due to the Pfizer jab. If this was in line with the norm it should only be 55%.</p>
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<p>The same pattern can also be seen in the number of cases of paralysis reported as adverse reactions to the Covid vaccines. With 72 reported cases being due to the Pfizer vaccine, but a whopping 270 reported cases being due to the AstraZeneca vaccine. That’s a 275% difference, not the 55% we should be seeing.</p>
<p>There have been 223,404 reported adverse reactions to the Pfizer vaccine as of the 23rd June 2021, with 439 of these sadly resulting in death.</p>
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<p>However there have been three times as many adverse reactions to the AstraZeneca vaccine with over twice as many deaths. As of the 23rd June 2021 the total number of adverse reactions to the AstraZeneca vaccine stands at 762,706, with 936 deaths being reported to the MHRA Yellow Card scheme.</p>
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<p>The overall number of deaths due to both jabs now stands at 1,375. But there have also been 5 deaths recorded as adverse reactions to the Moderna vaccine and 23 deaths where the brand of vaccine was not specified, meaning the grand total of unnecessary deaths now stands at 1,403.</p>
<p>The data clearly shows these vaccines are not safe and their roll-out must be ceased immediately.</p>
<p><strong>Please share this information everywhere, the only way to stop more deaths and serious debilitating conditions from occurring is by making a noise. We’ve done the hard work for you, it’s now on you to do something about it.</strong></p>
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<h3 class="jp-relatedposts-headline"><em>Related</em></h3>
<br />
<br />
source <a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/07/01/shocking-number-of-adverse-reactions-to-covid-vaccines-surpasses-one-million-according-to-uk-gov-s-22nd-update/">https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/07/01/shocking-number-of-adverse-reactions-to-covid-vaccines-surpasses-one-million-according-to-uk-gov-s-22nd-update/</a>

revolution SHOCKING! – Number of Adverse Reactions to Covid Vaccines surpasses One Million according to UK Gov.’s 22nd update

The U.K. Government have released the 22nd update highlighting adverse reactions to the Pfizer / BioNTech mRNA vaccine, Oxford / AstraZeneca...

Scientific Study on Kids Finds Wearing a Face Mask for Just 3 MINUTES is Toxic

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<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img alt="" class="wp-image-9658" data-attachment-id="9658" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"Emily Smith","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1625150222","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="mask1" data-large-file="https://i2.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/mask1.jpg?fit=639%2C375&ssl=1" data-medium-file="https://i2.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/mask1.jpg?fit=300%2C176&ssl=1" data-orig-file="https://i2.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/mask1.jpg?fit=869%2C510&ssl=1" data-orig-size="869,510" data-permalink="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/07/01/scientific-study-on-kids-finds-wearing-a-face-mask-for-just-3-minutes-is-toxic/mask1/" data-recalc-dims="1" height="374" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 639px) 100vw, 639px" src="https://i2.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/mask1.jpg?resize=639%2C374&ssl=1" srcset="https://i2.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/mask1.jpg?w=869&ssl=1 869w, https://i2.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/mask1.jpg?resize=300%2C176&ssl=1 300w, https://i2.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/mask1.jpg?resize=768%2C451&ssl=1 768w" width="639" />
<figcaption>Source: <strong><em>JAMA Network</em></strong><br />
This table shows the levels of carbon dioxide that were recorded under various different conditions during the study.</figcaption>
</figure>
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<p><strong>Results of a clinical trial conducted earlier this year found that wearing a face mask for just three minutes had “adverse effects” on children and could lead to breathing problems.</strong></p>
<p>The <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2781743?alert=article" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">research letter</a> which is titled “Experimental Assessment of Carbon Dioxide Content in Inhaled Air With or Without Face Masks in Healthy Children” detailed the results of a randomised clinical trial which was carried out on the 9th and 10th April 2021 and included 45 children.</p>
<p>The study was carried out by a team of seven researchers including Harald Walach, PhD., Ronald Weikl, MD., and Juliane Prentice, BA.</p>
<p>The letter detailed that many governments around the world have made “nose and mouth coverings and or face masks compulsory for schoolchildren”, and that the “evidence base” for this is “weak.”</p>
<p>According to the letter, a large-scale survey in Germany of adverse effects of carbon dioxide inhalation for parents and children wearing face masks – using data of 25,930 – showed that 68% of the participating children had breathing problems when wearing face coverings.</p>
<p>As a result, the German Federal Environmental Office has stated that a level of 0.2% by volume of carbon dioxide or 2000 ppm is the limit for closed rooms – the normal content of carbon dioxide in the open is about 0.004% by volume (ie, 400 ppm) – and anything beyond this level is deemed unacceptable.</p>
<p>During the study, researchers measured the carbon dioxide level in inhaled air with and without two types of face coverings in a controlled and well-ventilated room, using healthy volunteer children. Researchers measured the baseline carbon dioxide levels without a face mask for three minutes, then a nine-minute measurement for each type of face mask was conducted: three minutes to measure the carbon dioxide content in joint inhaled and exhaled air, and three minutes for measuring carbon dioxide content during exhalation.</p>
<p>The carbon dioxide content of the ambient air was always kept under 0.1% by volume using ventilators within the room. According to the research letter, the sequence of masks was always randomised, which was “blinded and stratified by age of children.”</p>
<p>During the research letter, the researchers stated that the mean age of the children was 10.7 (2.6) years (range, 6-17 years) out of the 20 girls and 25 boys. The only impact on the results appeared to be the age of the children as this had a small impact on the carbon dioxide content in inhaled air, however, the use of two different types of face masks had no impact on the carbon dioxide content inhalation.</p>
<p>During the study, researchers measured means between 13120 (384) and 13910 (374) ppm of carbon dioxide in inhaled air under surgical and filtering facepiece 2 (FFP2) masks, which researchers stated: “is higher than what has already been deemed unacceptable by the German Federal Environmental Office by a factor of 6.”</p>
<p>This worryingly high value was reached after only three minutes of measurement, yet children under normal conditions in schools wear face masks for “a mean of 270 (interquartile range, 120-390) minutes.”</p>
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<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img alt="" class="wp-image-9660" data-attachment-id="9660" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"Emily Smith","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1625150261","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="mask2" data-large-file="https://i2.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/mask2.jpg?fit=580%2C539&ssl=1" data-medium-file="https://i2.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/mask2.jpg?fit=300%2C279&ssl=1" data-orig-file="https://i2.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/mask2.jpg?fit=580%2C539&ssl=1" data-orig-size="580,539" data-permalink="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/07/01/scientific-study-on-kids-finds-wearing-a-face-mask-for-just-3-minutes-is-toxic/mask2/" data-recalc-dims="1" height="539" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px" src="https://i2.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/mask2.jpg?resize=580%2C539&ssl=1" srcset="https://i2.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/mask2.jpg?w=580&ssl=1 580w, https://i2.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/mask2.jpg?resize=300%2C279&ssl=1 300w" width="580" />
<figcaption>Source: <strong><em>JAMA Network</em></strong><br />
This figure shows a scatterplot of carbon dioxide content in inhaled air under filtering facepiece mask by age.</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<p>According to the figure pictured above, the value of the child with the lowest carbon dioxide level was three-fold greater than the limit of 0.2% by volume. Additionally, the youngest children in the study had the highest values, with one seven-year-old child’s carbon dioxide level measured at 25,000 ppm.</p>
<p>The researchers concluded that the complaints that the children made during the study were “consequences of elevated carbon dioxide levels in inhaled air” due to the “dead-space volume of the masks, which collects exhaled carbon dioxide quickly after a short time.” The carbon dioxide collected in the mask then mixes with the fresh air remaining under the mask and elevates the carbon dioxide content of inhaled air under the mask, which researchers noted was more pronounced in this study for younger children.</p>
<p>Disturbingly, the effects of carbon dioxide inhalation through face masks lead to “impairments attributable to hypercapnia.” Hypercapnia is where there is too much carbon dioxide present in the bloodstream, which can cause symptoms such as dizziness, headaches, and shortness of breath. However, severe hypercapnia can be life-threatening if not treated and can cause symptoms such as seizures, panic attacks, and loss of consciousness.</p>
<p><strong>In conclusion, the researchers advised that decision-makers explored the evidence produced by studies such as this, which clearly show that children should not be forced to wear face masks.</strong></p>
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<h3 class="jp-relatedposts-headline"><em>Related</em></h3>
<br />
<br />
source <a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/07/01/scientific-study-on-kids-finds-wearing-a-face-mask-for-just-3-minutes-is-toxic/">https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/07/01/scientific-study-on-kids-finds-wearing-a-face-mask-for-just-3-minutes-is-toxic/</a>

revolution Scientific Study on Kids Finds Wearing a Face Mask for Just 3 MINUTES is Toxic

Source: JAMA Network This table shows the levels of carbon dioxide that were recorded under various different conditions during the study...

UK Government Plans To Rollout Covid-19 Booster Vaccine For ‘Most Vulnerable’ From September

<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter is-resized"><img alt="Moderna's COVID-19 Vaccine Is 94.5% Effective. Here's What ..." height="459" loading="lazy" src="https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=https%3A%2F%2Fs.yimg.com%2Fny%2Fapi%2Fres%2F1.2%2F6E.V.YLVUrcrBCVPvW2wGA--%2FYXBwaWQ9aGlnaGxhbmRlcjt3PTIwMDA7aD0xMzMz%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fs.yimg.com%2Fuu%2Fapi%2Fres%2F1.2%2Fy1jkl5JcGbFpNtIPxvCV8g--~B%2FaD0zNTkwO3c9NTM4NTthcHBpZD15dGFjaHlvbg--%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fmedia.zenfs.com%2Fen-US%2Ftime_72%2F6f88ea02a23cb23a92fba3560a4cfc4e&f=1&nofb=1" width="690" />
<figcaption>Source: <strong><em>Yahoo! News</em></strong><br />
In the US, Moderna have began booster shot trials, of which, participants have reported suffering “more severe” side effects.</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<p><strong>The UK government has announced that it is planning to offer the “most vulnerable” Covid-19 booster shots from September.</strong></p>
<p>In a <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/news/most-vulnerable-could-be-offered-booster-covid-19-vaccines-from-september" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">press release</a> posted on 30<sup>th</sup> June, the Department of Health and Social Care said that they are hoping to offer a Covid-19 booster vaccine to those considered vulnerable, in September to ensure that their “protection they have from first and second doses is maintained ahead of the winter against new variants.”</p>
<p>The Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) advised the government on who should be prioritised for a third dose, stating that those who are vulnerable should be first in line for the booster shot.</p>
<p>It is expected that the final JCVI advice will be published before September and will take into account the “latest epidemiological situation, additional scientific data from trials such as Cov-Boost, real-time surveillance of the effectiveness of the vaccines over time and emerging variants.”</p>
<p>The newly appointed Health and Social Care Secretary, Sajid Javid, said: “We need to learn to live with this virus. Our first Covid-19 vaccination programme is restoring freedom in this country, and our booster programme will protect this freedom.</p>
<p>“We are working with the NHS to make sure we can rapidly deliver this programme to maintain protection for people in the winter months.”</p>
<p>Younger people are expected to become fully vaccinated by late summer, therefore the “benefits” of giving a booster shot to this group will be considered “when more information is available.”</p>
<p>The booster jab will be offered to the following vulnerable groups in two stages:</p>
<p><strong>Stage 1:</strong> The following people will be offered a third Covid-19 booster vaccine with the annual flu jab as soon as possible from September 2021:</p>
<ul>
<li>adults aged 16 years and over who are immunosuppressed</li>
<li>those living in residential care homes for older adults</li>
<li>all adults aged 70 years or over</li>
<li>adults aged 16 years and over who are considered clinically extremely vulnerable</li>
<li>frontline health and social care workers</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Stage 2:</strong> The following people will be offered a third Covid-19 booster jab as soon as possible after stage one with emphasis on the deployment of the flu vaccine where eligible:</p>
<ul>
<li>all adults aged 50 years and over</li>
<li>all adults aged 16 to 49 years who are in an influenza or COVID-19 at-risk group as outlined in the <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/immunisation-against-infectious-disease-the-green-book" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Green Book</a></li>
<li>adult household contacts of immunosuppressed individuals</li>
</ul>
<p>Deputy Chief Medical Officer for England, Professor Jonathan Van-Tam, said: “Being able to manage Covid-19 with fewer or no restrictions is now heavily dependent on the continued success of the vaccination programme.</p>
<p>“We want to be on the front foot for Covid-19 booster vaccination to keep the probability of loss of vaccine protection due to waning immunity or variants as low as possible. Especially over the coming autumn and winter.”</p>
<p>In the United States, Moderna is carrying out vaccine trials for Covid booster shots, of which<a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/07/01/fully-vaccinated-man-who-received-moderna-covid-19-booster-shot-reports-more-severe-side-effects/" target="_blank">, those involved have reported “more severe” side effects.</a></p>
<p>It is disturbing to hear that the government is planning on rolling out a third vaccine to target the “most vulnerable”, an experimental gene therapy that has <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/06/24/crimes-against-humanity-uk-government-release-21st-report-on-adverse-reactions-to-the-covid-vaccines/" target="_blank">caused over 973,435 adverse reactions, including 1,356 deaths as of 16<sup>th</sup> June 2021.</a></p>
<p><strong>By introducing an unnecessary booster shot for the Covid jab, it only forces the “deadly virus” to be at the forefront of the British public’s mind, forcing the cycle of fear to continue.</strong></p>
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<h3 class="jp-relatedposts-headline"><em>Related</em></h3>
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source <a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/07/01/uk-government-plans-to-rollout-covid-19-booster-vaccine-for-most-vulnerable-from-september/">https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/07/01/uk-government-plans-to-rollout-covid-19-booster-vaccine-for-most-vulnerable-from-september/</a>

revolution UK Government Plans To Rollout Covid-19 Booster Vaccine For ‘Most Vulnerable’ From September

Source: Yahoo! News In the US, Moderna have began booster shot trials, of which, participants have reported suffering “more severe” side ...

The fascinating, horrifying history behind Steven Soderbergh’s new heist movie

<p>Three small-time criminals in 1950s Detroit are hired by somebody to steal something. What is it? Who wants it? They have no idea, but they need the cash, so they don masks — only on the top half of their faces, a novel sight — and head out to do the job.</p>
<p>But the crooked path to a quick payday never goes smoothly, at least in the movies.</p>
<p>Steven Soderbergh has made another heist movie, his sixth after <em>Out of Sight</em> (1998), the <em>Oceans</em> trilogy (2001, 2004, 2007), and <a href="https://www.vox.com/summer-movies/2017/8/17/16150634/logan-lucky-review-soderbergh-tatum-driver-craig"><em>Logan Lucky</em></a> (2017). But you could argue a lot of his other movies are heists too; <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/8/18/16150632/steven-soderbergh-explained-brockovich-knick-mike-logan-oceans-unsane">the director is always making films</a> about how money and capitalism find their way into every part of our lives, from politics and sex to sports and mental health care.</p>
<p>So it is no huge surprise that <em>No Sudden Move</em> — a rippling, brilliant story about trusting nobody — has some seemingly banal but actually fascinating economic and cultural underpinnings pulsing in its historical backdrop. Soderbergh developed the idea with screenwriter Ed Solomon (who wrote the <em>Men in Black</em> and <em>Bill & Ted</em> series, among others), and Solomon focused on <a href="https://www.detroitnews.com/story/entertainment/movies/2021/06/29/heist-movie-no-sudden-move-makes-sure-detroits-history-not-stolen/5370287001/">getting the history of mid-century Detroit right</a>.</p>
<p>A note: If you haven’t yet watched <em>No Sudden Move</em>, now streaming on HBO Max, you should, probably before you read any further. I won’t spoil the twists, but it’s worth enjoying the movie on its purely pleasurable heist-movie surface before you dig into the background.</p>
<p>Soderbergh was slated to shoot the film in spring 2020 — we know how that went — and was able to pull it off in fall 2020 with almost the entire original cast, save for George Clooney (who <a href="https://theplaylist.net/george-clooney-dropping-out-of-soderbergh-film-no-sudden-move-20201123/">dropped out over safety concerns</a> for his young asthmatic son; we don’t know which role he had been cast to play). It’s one of two movies Soderbergh shot amid the pandemic, during which he also led the Directors Guild of America in developing and implementing Covid-safe protocols for production.</p>
<p>The movie, as it stands, is delightful. I’m a little mad it won’t play on movie screens, but don’t let that keep you from watching it on your TV. Its cast is mind-bending: Don Cheadle, Benicio del Toro, David Harbour, Brendan Fraser, Jon Hamm, Amy Seimetz, Julia Fox, Ray Liotta, Kieran Culkin, Noah Jupe, Frankie Shaw, Bill Dude, and Craig muMs Grant (and a few surprises too). But more fun than watching the cast act is the feeling of being in good hands, of watching a confidently directed movie that has something to say but doesn’t sacrifice style for substance. Soderbergh shot on modern cameras but used period wide-angle lenses, creating a strange fish-eye effect at times and never letting you forget that <em>No Sudden Move</em> is a <em>movie</em>. It’s a pure thrill to watch.</p>
<p>Plot-wise, however, <em>No Sudden Move</em> is twisty — and to be honest, it can be pretty confusing. I saw it twice, and there are still a few bits I haven’t ironed out. In addition to the plot twists (which I won’t cover here in detail), there are all the historical things happening in the background. And identifying them can help make the film’s point even clearer.</p>
<figure class="e-image"><span class="e-image__inner"><span class="e-image__image" data-original="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694095/nosuddenmove3.jpeg"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1625176491_6152_316127" data-cdata='{"asset_id":22694095,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/eR1yH30rHBMkrcgilYU62naL4kk=/0x0:1200x800/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1200x800):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694095/nosuddenmove3.jpeg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/kVTZ-UTT2pwPUJXPixKlJoxY3H0=/0x0:1200x800/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1200x800):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694095/nosuddenmove3.jpeg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/RdjYAzCoKpzgT-ZCxfOSF9QZMuM=/0x0:1200x800/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1200x800):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694095/nosuddenmove3.jpeg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/gIgR5gyrh34T0w87ydhDECGx6Gc=/0x0:1200x800/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1200x800):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694095/nosuddenmove3.jpeg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/5nvlvuoSfj2X_IgifFdPfCDIbE8=/0x0:1200x800/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:1200x800):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694095/nosuddenmove3.jpeg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/gPikmFoWxffH7c1cxyWpO-fON44=/0x0:1200x800/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1200x800):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694095/nosuddenmove3.jpeg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/U6hFIBfWfAfCPQgF7pZ3d2MU_kA=/0x0:1200x800/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1200x800):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694095/nosuddenmove3.jpeg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/O3JHzwLLQl05VBqzy_mCqaKSzho=/0x0:1200x800/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1200x800):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694095/nosuddenmove3.jpeg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/jR_lsgag3bF09JPwmSAO35Pe3-k=/0x0:1200x800/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1200x800):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694095/nosuddenmove3.jpeg 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="A picture of David Harbour wearing a hat from the 1950s." data-upload-width="1200" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/rx8IovxHNJ7GCHpMZZdK6bOJhEg=/0x0:1200x800/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:1200x800):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694095/nosuddenmove3.jpeg" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/2jdaUDH8kRJqaY67uYBmr_gjR-g=/0x0:1200x800/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1200x800):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694095/nosuddenmove3.jpeg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/isYl9IU_Wy5FbFCmz6IDV9X6qPQ=/0x0:1200x800/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1200x800):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694095/nosuddenmove3.jpeg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/_yB-v1td32BrSG-Fbk9xQNrS01c=/0x0:1200x800/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1200x800):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694095/nosuddenmove3.jpeg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/i_ZyVdc6HBEvpm1_sVG02_2CU1s=/0x0:1200x800/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1200x800):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694095/nosuddenmove3.jpeg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Ay4QdrS9LazzizMe7R6xmS4MGcc=/0x0:1200x800/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:1200x800):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694095/nosuddenmove3.jpeg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/l7R8SR6LMThl25E-vGNiN9KhKkM=/0x0:1200x800/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1200x800):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694095/nosuddenmove3.jpeg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Mrknxvh9djVmpJ42DJnfZ0UVBpE=/0x0:1200x800/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1200x800):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694095/nosuddenmove3.jpeg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/o_HZ9DMrSjz_UxV_F5mdRJpocfQ=/0x0:1200x800/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1200x800):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694095/nosuddenmove3.jpeg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/y_KKHB4f5-YC1BeK34wbYAbid7U=/0x0:1200x800/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1200x800):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694095/nosuddenmove3.jpeg 1920w" /></picture></span></span>
<figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">David Harbour in <em>No Sudden Move.</em></span></figcaption>
<span class="e-image__meta"><cite>HBO Max</cite></span></figure>
<p>Detroit in the 1950s was a city in the midst of upheaval. <em>No Sudden Move</em> is situated in the nexus of multiple political and social shifts, in 1954, with characters who are conspiring with, benefitting from, or trying to outrun the changes.</p>
<p>Important to <em>No Sudden Move</em> is Detroit’s history as <a href="https://theweek.com/articles/461968/rise-fall-detroit-timeline">the 20th-century capital of automotive manufacturing</a>, America’s “Motor City.” Ford, General Motors, and Chrysler, among others, were all founded in Detroit. By 1950, a few years before <em>No Sudden Move</em> is set, Detroit was the fourth-largest city in America, with 296,000 jobs in manufacturing.</p>
<p>So cars are front and center in the film. People are always getting into and out of them, committing crimes and plotting crimes in those big, wide vehicles with their big, wide seats. The camera lingers on them, reminding us that cars are on everyone’s minds.</p>
<p>But much more important is the mid-1950s racial history of Detroit. Several characters hint at the racist underpinnings of everyday life, notably Curt Goynes (Don Cheadle), who faces casual racism from several other characters and knows to only really trust the Black characters he encounters in a few key situations.</p>
<p>There are two main topics the film covers in this regard: the practice of redlining, and the imminent razing of two Black communities.</p>
<p>Redlining is the very common practice in the US (and Canada) of essentially creating artificially segregated communities by denying services such as banking and insurance to residents of specific neighborhoods, usually those where Black people live. Some house deeds specified that the property could only be sold to whites. The US government got in on the act; in the 1930s, the Federal Housing Administration refused to insure mortgages near Black neighborhoods, and also subsidized builders who produced whites-only neighborhoods. Black families were frequently denied mortgages that were granted to white homebuyers with lower incomes. The practice wasn’t officially outlawed until 1968, when the Fair Housing Act was passed — though investigative reporting has confirmed residents’ suspicions that <a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/redlining-what-is-history-mike-bloomberg-comments/">it</a> <a href="https://interactive.wbez.org/2020/banking/disparity/">effectively</a> <a href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/business/ct-biz-modern-day-redlining-20180215-story.html">continues</a> today, including in <a href="https://www.michiganradio.org/post/data-analysis-modern-day-redlining-happening-detroit-and-lansing">Detroit</a>.</p>
<p>As a result, property values in white neighborhoods <a href="https://www.vox.com/2016/6/6/11852640/cartoon-poor-neighborhoods">would be higher than those in Black communities</a>, and the demarcation lines were sharply drawn. Redlining had long-term effects. <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22245223/black-middle-class-racism-reparations">Upward mobility was limited</a> for Black Detroiters, whose money couldn’t buy the same houses and services as that of white Detroiters. Black families who owned homes were denied <a href="https://detroit.curbed.com/2019/4/26/18516744/economic-segregation-detroit-redlining-home-values">the ability to pass along generational wealth</a> in the same ways as their <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-highlight/22320272/inheritance-money-wealth-transfer-estate-tax">white counterparts</a>. And when the legality of redlining practices was reversed and white people fled to the suburbs, Black people found they faced the same discrimination in the new suburban communities.</p>
<p>At the time when <em>No Sudden Move</em> is set, redlining is common practice, supported by whites — something the characters discuss. There’s also a related looming threat: When Curt visits an old friend’s house to retrieve an item hidden there, he makes small talk with her husband by discussing the upcoming destruction of a neighborhood. What he’s talking about actually happened: <a href="https://www.michiganradio.org/post/how-razing-detroit-s-black-bottom-neighborhood-shaped-michigan-s-history">the razing of Black Bottom</a>.</p>
<figure class="e-image"><span class="e-image__inner"><span class="e-image__image" data-original="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694116/lafayette_park.jpeg"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1625176491_552_316128" data-cdata='{"asset_id":22694116,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/zgViWHwOgjN8VGfVtEbQehbiN3o=/0x0:2401x1580/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2401x1580):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694116/lafayette_park.jpeg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/LlEtpreOmiX-Hu4SxqJIO7dDYBM=/0x0:2401x1580/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2401x1580):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694116/lafayette_park.jpeg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/_TzGJRgYaOM9UCcDkmOqbDJgX0o=/0x0:2401x1580/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2401x1580):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694116/lafayette_park.jpeg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/hFR2DmzAFbboBN12fRLUNYA7qJY=/0x0:2401x1580/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2401x1580):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694116/lafayette_park.jpeg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/GyBQZ27oxEiS43aMd9o47oVuT_k=/0x0:2401x1580/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:2401x1580):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694116/lafayette_park.jpeg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/QEcjtmJvtv1iL6uh90FpGqePHns=/0x0:2401x1580/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2401x1580):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694116/lafayette_park.jpeg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/kuKCXwnMnPOcZfZ24b7izEXpsFs=/0x0:2401x1580/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2401x1580):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694116/lafayette_park.jpeg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/UVeRKTXkOXT542LdVJJ0ZDMvkIs=/0x0:2401x1580/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2401x1580):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694116/lafayette_park.jpeg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Y7qIHwi-VpWRsl3m4xolXlYWJ-8=/0x0:2401x1580/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2401x1580):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694116/lafayette_park.jpeg 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="An image of several trees;." data-upload-width="2401" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/cauMFlKZvH1PKxQwyP_SeJWW0Lk=/0x0:2401x1580/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:2401x1580):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694116/lafayette_park.jpeg" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/qoX-izTFFCc8br-xymRKWFP2cJk=/0x0:2401x1580/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2401x1580):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694116/lafayette_park.jpeg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/H8KqievAZg4aCteIQ4v899T0TJ4=/0x0:2401x1580/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2401x1580):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694116/lafayette_park.jpeg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ceOUn5quF_ONFiZMh137QCJxGjw=/0x0:2401x1580/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2401x1580):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694116/lafayette_park.jpeg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/dg9jqd1oDRir4wuy9JO1Ygfv01Y=/0x0:2401x1580/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2401x1580):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694116/lafayette_park.jpeg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Zr-uZo2I7nQdgsk0KIetxt0mzgM=/0x0:2401x1580/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:2401x1580):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694116/lafayette_park.jpeg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/9hGL4AcGvI8Sl6RP3zaWOxJ_bIc=/0x0:2401x1580/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2401x1580):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694116/lafayette_park.jpeg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/zfBx1Jobqr2gBqg1vFeJ_gZC2TY=/0x0:2401x1580/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2401x1580):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694116/lafayette_park.jpeg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/iOktz9BD8xeIrJWc4IWIeWIVW-8=/0x0:2401x1580/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2401x1580):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694116/lafayette_park.jpeg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/e3cs3sT__57_cE7FtkxURFjrWAY=/0x0:2401x1580/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2401x1580):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694116/lafayette_park.jpeg 1920w" /></picture></span></span>
<figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">The Lafayette Park redevelopment stands where Detroit’s Black Bottom community once did.</span></figcaption>
<span class="e-image__meta"><cite><a class="ql-link" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lafayette_Park_Detroit_redevelopment_over_Black_Bottom.jpg" target="_blank">Mike Russell via Wikimedia Commons</a></cite></span></figure>
<p><a href="https://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/black-bottom-neighborhood">Black Bottom</a> was a vibrant neighborhood on Detroit’s East Side, home to mostly Black residents and a handful of other European immigrant communities. Most of the residents worked in manufacturing and were poor. Redlining practices, which restricted residents’ access to the New Deal housing benefits that were granted to others, made it hard to leave Black Bottom and created less-than-ideal housing conditions. But it was known as a lively neighborhood with a notable music scene, and musicians who lived there contributed to the development of jazz, big band, and the blues. The nearby neighborhood Paradise Valley was in a similar situation, and it was the center of Black business in the city.</p>
<p>In 1944, Detroit Mayor Edward Jeffries and the town council proposed that the city start to remove “old structures” around town. In their sights: Black Bottom and Paradise Valley. Black communities made gallows-humor jokes about “urban renewal” actually being “Negro removal.”</p>
<p>The city finally got the money it needed to do the job in 1949 with the passage of the National Housing Act. Two months later, demolition began. Black Bottom was slowly torn down into the 1950s. There were promises of affordable housing being made available, but Black residents were often barred from moving into it. If you had enough money, you might be able to move to another neighborhood — but only if you could somehow get around redlining.</p>
<p>Then the situation got even more serious. In 1956, President Dwight D. Eisenhower’s National Highway Act was passed, funding the construction of Interstate 75, which would render not just Black Bottom but nearby Paradise Valley completely destroyed. Any structures that had avoided the “urban renewal” razing were gone.</p>
<p>The passage of that act is still two years out in <em>No Sudden Move</em>, but the destruction of Black Bottom has been underway for several years. So when Curt jokes about it, he’s doing so with frustration. And the fact that the whole community will eventually be wiped out, thanks to the federal government’s decision to run a highway for America’s burgeoning car culture — and to facilitate suburban flight — is a big part of what’s happening in <em>No Sudden Move</em>.</p>
<p>The highway’s impending arrival and Detroit’s heyday as America’s car manufacturing capital play another big role in a <em>No Sudden Move</em> plot point — or, really, in the film’s <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacGuffin#:~:text=In%20fiction%2C%20a%20MacGuffin%20(sometimes,unimportant%2C%20or%20irrelevant%20in%20itself.&text=The%20MacGuffin%20technique%20is%20common%20in%20films%2C%20especially%20thrillers.">MacGuffin</a> (though it turns out to be more important than we might have expected).</p>
<p>(If you don’t want to know any spoilers about the film, then really, this is where you should stop reading.)</p>
<p>At the very end of the film, when text begins to scroll across the screen, viewers might find themselves confused. The text explains that a few years after the film’s end, the federal government sued the major car manufacturers for conspiring to hide evidence that cars were causing pollution and suppressing catalytic-converter technology that could help combat the problem.</p>
<p>There’s a good chance it wasn’t clear <em>that’s</em> what <em>No Sudden Move</em> is about, unless you were paying very close attention. But such a lawsuit did happen, in the horrible but amusingly named “smog conspiracy” case of 1969. (You can read about <a href="https://www.pophistorydig.com/topics/tag/smog-conspiracy-1960s/">the whole thing in detail</a>, should you wish.) But in brief, the Department of Justice alleged that the “Big Four” automobile manufacturers in Detroit — American Motors, Chrysler, Ford, and General Motors — <a href="https://www.counterpunch.org/2015/10/28/automakers-and-their-dark-deadly-conpiracies/">conspired from 1953 to 1969</a> to delay both the manufacturing of pollution-control devices and their installation in cars. Pollution was a real and obvious problem (especially in Los Angeles, where smog was causing huge issues for residents), but the companies dragged their feet on fixing it and agreed none of them would install the devices in their vehicles until they all did. It was, in essence, a cost-saving measure, at the expense of human lives and environmental health.</p>
<figure class="e-image"><span class="e-image__inner"><span class="e-image__image" data-original="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694129/542259800.jpg"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1625176491_618_316129" data-cdata='{"asset_id":22694129,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Y_FFm0yKb5Wydaj5QNgPOkPlLmc=/0x0:1493x948/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1493x948):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694129/542259800.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/_VHNE5tl1o4AynxguTmZGHnxEcA=/0x0:1493x948/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1493x948):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694129/542259800.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/DfZfo5gaD3hTewMerr_oq35bYh8=/0x0:1493x948/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1493x948):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694129/542259800.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/3QJ66bpNfEE-NfCdeMC-DdiAgLM=/0x0:1493x948/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1493x948):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694129/542259800.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ehef2HR8FutwvXT3T-KIjFC1QGc=/0x0:1493x948/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:1493x948):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694129/542259800.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/a3KZLTjw-81PULORMtUAEPCwjWg=/0x0:1493x948/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1493x948):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694129/542259800.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/avUU-jLsHkV2BNX6T-4WHKfQMr0=/0x0:1493x948/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1493x948):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694129/542259800.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Habnskp5yD3MkhfXCSVrDs9e6Y0=/0x0:1493x948/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1493x948):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694129/542259800.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/gK_u32JmT1QclEe-dXvSrz0NbdQ=/0x0:1493x948/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1493x948):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694129/542259800.jpg 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="DETROIT: GENERAL MOTORS, CATALYTIC CONVERTER" data-upload-width="1493" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ESxpx3ZWvCP01eWvCqqsqInxmYE=/0x0:1493x948/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:1493x948):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694129/542259800.jpg" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/NixVBlGUgz7YfcDcmNLkd7jgXQY=/0x0:1493x948/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1493x948):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694129/542259800.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/FvQ6hzZvsDkRihgJRyqxEaZME3c=/0x0:1493x948/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1493x948):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694129/542259800.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/xsocy3J0VTaYJMErTvURvn-vj6c=/0x0:1493x948/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1493x948):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694129/542259800.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Hxm7_TlBkXqss_odxCulbL8Wr2w=/0x0:1493x948/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1493x948):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694129/542259800.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/IKxUfGDMD_HFR7rs0VVAlyEjs64=/0x0:1493x948/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:1493x948):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694129/542259800.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Zcqhxy7GrvIz1JWZvgZz--8brjA=/0x0:1493x948/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1493x948):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694129/542259800.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/1pH_uyUQeL58cCvHXAHrxV5HmUg=/0x0:1493x948/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1493x948):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694129/542259800.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/vTKw31EgyJ2SSYL8UifMd123rys=/0x0:1493x948/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1493x948):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694129/542259800.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/0-lOJiMQ69vsUIFT-eZJLH3zek4=/0x0:1493x948/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1493x948):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22694129/542259800.jpg 1920w" /></picture></span></span>
<figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">A catalytic converter manufactured by General Motors.</span></figcaption>
<span class="e-image__meta"><cite>Reuter Raymond/Sygma via Getty Images</cite></span></figure>
<p>The document that the trio of small-time crooks is hired to steal in <em>No Sudden Move</em> contains the plans for one of those devices. The goal is to keep the plans out of the wrong hands (which, from an air-breathing-person’s perspective, are the right hands). The contents of the document, and the purpose of stealing it, are kept opaque in the film, both from most of the characters and from the audience. All we know, and all the characters really know, is that the document is very valuable to someone. Who that person is, and why it’s so valuable to them, is left up to interpretation, and it’s never really spelled out until the end.</p>
<p>That context — as well as the racist practices in the historical background of the story — feed into <em>No Sudden Move</em>’s broader theme. It’s a movie about everyone getting double-crossed, how you can’t trust anyone, and how nobody is looking out for anyone else’s best interest unless it’s also their own. (There are arguably a couple of trustworthy characters in the movie, but even they have a transactional relationship more than anything else.)</p>
<p>The brilliance of <em>No Sudden Move</em> — apart from the terrific direction, performances, and movie-watching experience it serves up — is in how it layers all this history into a twisty crime tale that keeps the audience guessing. You wouldn’t have to know any of this history to follow what it’s doing. But the attention to detail only increases my admiration for the film and how subtly it weaves its social message into its snaky, bendy plot.</p>
<p>That the biggest car companies, the insurance companies, the banks, and the federal government are just as untrustworthy as any one character in the movie is, of course, all part of the game. Keep your eye on the ball, <em>No Sudden Move</em> says, because history tells us nobody else is going to look out for you.</p>
<p>No Sudden Move <em>is currently streaming on HBO Max.</em></p>
<br />
<br />
source <a href="https://www.vox.com/22555915/no-sudden-movie-hbo-review-soderbergh-redlining-smog-conspiracy">https://www.vox.com/22555915/no-sudden-movie-hbo-review-soderbergh-redlining-smog-conspiracy</a>

vox The fascinating, horrifying history behind Steven Soderbergh’s new heist movie

Three small-time criminals in 1950s Detroit are hired by somebody to steal something. What is it? Who wants it? They have no idea, but they ...

The indictment of the Trump Organization and its CFO Allen Weisselberg, explained

<div><img class="ff-og-image-inserted" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/w4MKWykXuoG5ycrQxZeZYaIpdys=/0x279:4096x2424/fit-in/1200x630/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22693673/GettyImages_1318886363.jpg" /></div>
<p>New York state prosecutors on Wednesday indicted the Trump Organization and its chief financial officer Allen Weisselberg for tax fraud, the first charges brought as part of Manhattan District Attorney Cy Vance’s investigation into the former president’s company. The <a href="https://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/20982368/new-york-v-trump-org-allen-weisselberg.pdf">indictment</a> was unsealed Thursday.</p>
<p>This isn’t just your run-of-the-mill tax case. Prosecutors said in court that their investigation is ongoing, and they’re reportedly trying to make an even broader case against the company or even the former president himself (Trump has not been charged).</p>
<p>So to understand it, it’s useful to think about it through three separate lenses — the charges themselves, what they mean for the larger ongoing investigation, and the potentially massive consequences for American politics.</p>
<p>The charges allege that Weisselberg and the Trump Organization did not properly pay taxes related to $1.7 million worth of “fringe benefits” Weisselberg received as part of his salary — most notably apartment and car leases for Weisselberg and private school tuition for his grandchildren. The specific charges also include conspiracy and grand larceny, but those too are related to these fringe benefits. Both Weisselberg and the company <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/us/trump-company-cfo-plead-not-guilty-criminal-charges-2021-07-01/">pleaded not guilty</a>.</p>
<p>But reports in recent months have made clear that Vance’s investigation is focused on more than just corporate perks. He has also been probing matters close to the heart of the Trump Organization’s business practices, examining whether the company overvalued certain properties to score favorable loan terms while undervaluing them to pay less in property taxes. He even <a href="https://www.npr.org/2021/02/25/971391389/manhattan-prosecutor-receives-trump-tax-returns-after-lengthy-legal-battle">obtained Trump’s tax returns</a> after a battle that went to the Supreme Court.</p>
<p>It’s this broader investigation that may be the true danger to Trump — if Vance can make a case, that is. And prosecutors have <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/donald-trump-bodyguard-matthew-calamari-11624308000">been trying for months</a> to “flip” Weisselberg and turn him into a cooperating witness. They have not succeeded in doing so, and that’s the background to Thursday’s charges.</p>
<p>The stakes here are far higher than in any ordinary corporate tax fraud case, because the possibility that Trump will run for president again in 2024 looms. Charges against his company and, potentially, future charges against him would pose an obstacle to a future campaign. Trump’s many critics view him as a danger to the country and feel certain he’s a habitual lawbreaker, and therefore are hoping he gets “brought to justice” somehow — whatever the details.</p>
<p>Trump and his defenders, meanwhile, have decried Vance’s investigation as a politically motivated witch hunt (Vance is a Democrat, though he chose not to run for reelection this year). And there are indeed questions about whether these charges would be brought against any company other than Trump’s. According <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/28/nyregion/trump-organization-charges.html">to the New York Times</a>, it is “highly unusual” for prosecutors “to indict a company for failing to pay payroll taxes on fringe benefits alone.” Then again, the evidence here appears strong — it includes that the Trump Organization kept internal spreadsheets tracking some of Weisselberg’s expenses.</p>
<p>Allen Weisselberg is Trump’s longtime money man. He has worked for the Trump family since the early 1970s, first as an accountant for Donald Trump’s father Fred, and eventually rose to his current post as CFO of the Trump Organization. When Trump assumed the presidency, he handed over management of that company to three people — Donald Trump Jr., Eric Trump, and Weisselberg.</p>
<p>“He knows where all the financial bodies are buried,” Trump biographer Tim O’Brien <a href="https://twitter.com/timobrien/status/1366574996282310658?lang=en">tweeted recently</a>. Indeed, Trump lawyer Michael Cohen testified before Congress in 2019 that Weisselberg had <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/30/nyregion/trump-organization-cfo-allen-weisselberg.html">worked with him</a> to arrange hush-money payments to women alleging affairs with Trump.</p>
<p>As CFO of the Trump Organization, Weisselberg received an official salary. But he also received various lucrative perks on top of that — “fringe benefits.” These included:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>An apartment lease:</strong> Trump’s company paid the lease and utility bills for an apartment on Manhattan’s Upper West Side that prosecutors say has been Weisselberg’s primary residence since 2005.</li>
<li><strong>Car leases:</strong> Trump’s company paid the leases on two Mercedes-Benz cars used by Weisselberg and his wife.</li>
<li><strong>Private school tuition:</strong> From 2012 to 2017, either Trump or a Trump trust paid hundreds of thousands of dollars in tuition to a New York City private school for two of Weisselberg’s grandchildren.</li>
</ul>
<p>Though fringe benefits such as these aren’t technically part of an employee’s salary, they have monetary value and as a result should be considered taxable income paid by the employer. (Certain types of fringe benefits, like employer-provided health insurance, <a href="https://www.taxpolicycenter.org/briefing-book/how-does-tax-exclusion-employer-sponsored-health-insurance-work">are excluded from taxation</a>, but most aren’t.)</p>
<p>Prosecutors allege that both the Trump Organization and Weisselberg participated in a scheme to avoid paying taxes on these perks. They argue that the Trump Organization should have paid payroll taxes, and that Weisselberg — whom they allege also hid his New York City residency — evaded more than $500,000 in federal taxes, more than $100,000 in state taxes, and more than $200,000 in New York City taxes.</p>
<p>The charges against Weisselberg also include “grand larceny,” but by that prosecutors mean that he didn’t pay a large amount of taxes.</p>
<p>The public defense from Trump so far has basically been that “everyone does it.” In an earlier statement, <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-organization-lawyers-make-last-ditch-effort-to-avoid-new-york-charges-11624919170?mod=e2tw">Trump said</a> he was being investigated for practices that are “standard practice throughout the U.S. business community, and in no way a crime.” Yet neglecting to pay taxes on fringe benefits like these does seem to be a criminal act, even if it is rarely enforced so aggressively.</p>
<p>In isolation, the fringe benefits tax charges may not seem particularly consequential. But they are reportedly one part of a broader probe of the Trump Organization that prosecutors have been conducting.</p>
<p>Investigators — led by Manhattan District Attorney Cy Vance’s office, with <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/new-york-attorney-general-probe-of-trump-organization-now-a-criminal-investigation-11621398567?mod=article_inline">some participation</a> from New York Attorney General Tish James’s office — have reportedly focused on two other topics.</p>
<p><strong>1) Hush money:</strong> Vance initially opened <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/16/nyregion/trump-tax-returns-cy-vance.html">his investigation in 2019</a> and originally focused on those <a href="https://www.vox.com/2018/12/7/18131259/michael-cohen-trump-illegal-hush-money">hush-money payments</a> Cohen had arranged. Cohen pleaded guilty to violating federal campaign finance law with these payments, but Trump himself wasn’t charged by federal prosecutors. Vance then looked into whether any state laws were broken. There has been no recent news of this aspect of the investigation, suggesting it may be dormant.</p>
<p><strong>2) Real estate valuation practices:</strong> Instead, in recent months, leaks <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/01/nyregion/trump-vance-investigation.html?action=click&module=RelatedLinks&pgtype=Article">have suggested</a> Vance was focusing on matters close to the heart of the Trump Organization’s business practices: how it valued real estate. The theory here is that Trump overvalued certain properties when he sought loans and insurance policies but undervalued those assets for tax purposes (so he’d owe less in property taxes). Cohen <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-inflated-his-total-assets-when-it-served-his-purposes-cohen-alleges-in-his-hearing-citing-financial-documents/2019/02/27/4c41d4e2-3ab3-11e9-a2cd-307b06d0257b_story.html">alleged such behavior</a> in his congressional testimony in early 2019.</p>
<p>The crimes here, in theory, would be tax fraud, bank fraud, or insurance fraud. This is widely believed to be the case Vance is trying to make in his attempt to flip Weisselberg. Whether he’d have a case if Weisselberg refuses to flip is unclear. Some legal experts believe it would be difficult to prove Trump’s knowledge of company financial crimes without Weisselberg’s testimony.</p>
<p>The biggest unknown hanging over all this is whether Trump himself will face charges — and what that might mean for the 2024 election.</p>
<p>Trump’s attempt to overturn Joe Biden’s victory in last year’s presidential contest confirmed the long-running fears of many that he was a menace — a uniquely dangerous figure posing an authoritarian threat and imperiling the United States’ system of free and fair elections.</p>
<p>So the question of whether Trump will run for office again in 2024 is of major importance, and lately he’s <a href="https://nypost.com/2021/06/30/trump-has-made-a-decision-on-whether-to-run-in-2024/">been hinting</a> that he will.</p>
<p>The current charges are unlikely to have any significant impact on Trump’s 2024 decision-making. But further charges, including charges against Trump himself, may weigh on him more heavily and, theoretically, could even land him in prison, where it would be difficult to hold rallies. (Though he <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2019/09/22/socialist-who-ran-president-prison-won-nearly-million-votes/">could theoretically follow</a> Eugene Debs’s model and run from prison.) Trump is not yet facing any charges, though, and it’s not clear if he ever will.</p>
<p>Liberals who dislike and fear Trump, and Republicans who dislike his influence and hope to return their party to some semblance of normalcy, have been dearly hoping that he’ll be … taken out of the equation somehow. That perhaps he’ll choose not to run again for his own reasons, or perhaps his health will intervene (or perhaps criminal charges will).</p>
<p>Many Trump critics are so convinced he is such a blatant criminal that “getting” him on even small-ball charges would be laudable — akin to taking down Al Capone for tax evasion. The former president’s estranged niece Mary Trump <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2021/03/22/can-cyrus-vance-jr-nail-trump">told the New Yorker,</a> “It’s incredibly urgent that Vance prosecutes Donald now.”</p>
<p>But to do that, they’d need a case. And Trump and his defenders have cried foul, claiming Vance has been fishing about for whatever case he can find and ended up with a weak one, and that it’s a sign the whole investigation was politically motivated all along — that it was just an effort to “get Trump.”</p>
<p>It’s hard to say for sure without knowing the full picture of what Vance has found. Perhaps this really is the best he’s got. Or perhaps he has strong evidence of further criminality and is building toward a bigger case that we just haven’t seen yet.</p>
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source <a href="https://www.vox.com/22555751/allen-weisselberg-indictment-trump-grand-larceny">https://www.vox.com/22555751/allen-weisselberg-indictment-trump-grand-larceny</a>

vox The indictment of the Trump Organization and its CFO Allen Weisselberg, explained

New York state prosecutors on Wednesday indicted the Trump Organization and its chief financial officer Allen Weisselberg for tax fraud, th...

SCOTUS just made Citizens United even worse

<div><img class="ff-og-image-inserted" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/f3MbKBsJgG5oTMenK02C2VZOQ-c=/0x60:3672x1983/fit-in/1200x630/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/20058756/1204097769.jpg.jpg" /></div>
<p>In its infamous decision in <a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/08-205.ZO.html"><em>Citizens United v. FEC</em></a> (2010), the Supreme Court tossed a bone to lawmakers seeking to regulate money in politics. With a few exceptions, <em>Citizens United</em> stripped the government of its power to limit the amount of spending on elections, especially by corporations. But the decision also gave the Court’s blessing to nearly all laws requiring campaigns and political organizations to disclose their donors.</p>
<p>They’ve now stripped most of the lingering meat off that bone.</p>
<p>On Thursday, the Court handed down a 6-3 decision in <a href="https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/20pdf/19-251_p86b.pdf"><em>Americans for Prosperity Foundation v. Bonta</em></a>, which flips <em>Citizens United</em>’s approach to disclosure laws on its head.</p>
<p>Before Thursday, the Court <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/4/17/22384256/supreme-court-citizens-united-disclosure-americans-for-prosperity-rodriquez-thomas-more">treated most disclosure laws as valid</a>, and it typically only allowed plaintiffs who objected to such a law to seek an exemption from it — not to seek a court order striking down the law altogether. After <em>Americans for Prosperity</em>, there is now a presumption that all such laws are unconstitutional — although this presumption might be rebuttable in some cases.</p>
<p>As Justice Sonia Sotomayor writes in a dissenting opinion, “today’s analysis marks reporting and disclosure requirements with a bull’s-eye.” The upshot is that wealthy donors now have far more ability to shape American politics in secret — and that ability is only likely to grow as judges rely on the decision in <em>Americans for Prosperity</em> to strike down other donor disclosure laws.</p>
<p><em>Americans for Prosperity</em> was brought by two conservative organizations — the Americans for Prosperity Foundation, a conservative advocacy group <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/sep/26/koch-brothers-americans-for-prosperity-rightwing-political-group">closely associated with the billionaire Koch brothers</a>; and the Thomas More Law Center, a conservative law firm that claims it was formed to promote “<a href="https://www.thomasmore.org/about-the-thomas-more-law-center/">America’s Judeo-Christian heritage</a>” — against a California regulation requiring charities that wish to raise tax-deductible funds in California to disclose their largest contributors to the state attorney general’s office. So the actual law at issue in this case is fairly far afield from actual campaigns for political office.</p>
<p>But Chief Justice John Roberts’s opinion for himself and his fellow conservative justices has broad implications for all donor disclosure laws. It writes a new legal standard that will allow many future challenges to those laws to succeed, and that also will likely lead to sweeping victories for many of the plaintiffs in such suits.</p>
<p>Not that long ago, there was broad consensus that disclosure laws aren’t just permissible but essential in a democracy. As Justice Antonin Scalia wrote in a <a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/09-559.ZC4.html">2010 opinion</a>:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Requiring people to stand up in public for their political acts fosters civic courage, without which democracy is doomed. For my part, I do not look forward to a society which, thanks to the Supreme Court, campaigns anonymously ... and even exercises the direct democracy of initiative and referendum hidden from public scrutiny and protected from the accountability of criticism. This does not resemble the Home of the Brave.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>That consensus is now dead. Much of the Court’s right flank spent the oral argument in <em>Americans for Prosperity</em> rejecting Scalia’s “civic courage” in favor of a kind of <a href="https://www.vox.com/22404001/supreme-court-cancel-culture-americans-for-prosperity-bonta-california-alito-thomas-gorsuch">paranoia over cancel culture</a>. Justice Neil Gorsuch warned that the government could demand to see your “Christmas card lists” or to disclose your “dating history” to state regulators. Justice Samuel Alito spoke of “vandalism, death threats, physical violence, economic reprisals, [and] harassment in the workplace” directed against donors to an anti-LGBTQ campaign.</p>
<p>Under the previous consensus — the <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/4/17/22384256/supreme-court-citizens-united-disclosure-americans-for-prosperity-rodriquez-thomas-more">one announced in <em>Citizens United</em></a> — disclosure laws would be upheld so long as there is “a ‘substantial relation’ between the disclosure requirement and a ‘sufficiently important’ governmental interest.” Moreover, while some disclosure laws might be vulnerable to challenge, the Court typically only permitted “as applied” challenges, meaning that the plaintiff could seek an exemption from a particular disclosure law, but the law would still apply to other individuals or organizations. In other words, most disclosure laws were valid, and the onus was on the donors who wanted secrecy to prove they individually deserved it.</p>
<p>The Court’s previous decisions, moreover, suggested that the bar for bringing such an as-applied challenge is fairly high. The seminal decision establishing that some organizations must be exempted from disclosure laws is <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=4515566352758049665&hl=en&as_sdt=6&as_vis=1&oi=scholarr"><em>NAACP v. Alabama ex rel. Patterson</em></a> (1958), which was an attempt by the state of Alabama to force the NAACP — then the nation’s preeminent civil rights organization — to disclose its membership.</p>
<p>Had the NAACP done so, Alabama <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/4/17/22384256/supreme-court-citizens-united-disclosure-americans-for-prosperity-rodriquez-thomas-more">could have turned those names over to the Ku Klux Klan</a>, among other things.</p>
<p>The plaintiffs in <em>Americans for Prosperity</em> do allege that they were the victims of death threats and other sorts of inexcusable activity — Roberts points a statement from someone working in the same building as the AFP Foundation, who said that he could “easily walk into [the CEO’s] office and slit his throat” — but nothing that even approaches the constant threat of terroristic violence that civil rights activists faced in the Jim Crow South.</p>
<p>In any event, as Sotomayor writes in her dissent, she “would be sympathetic” to a decision that “simply granted as-applied relief” to these plaintiffs, because of the threats they’ve faced. But the Court goes much further, striking down California’s disclosure rules on their face — meaning that they are now invalid for everyone.</p>
<p>As mentioned above, <em>Citizens United</em> held that disclosure laws would be upheld so long as there is “a ‘substantial relation’ between the disclosure requirement and a ‘sufficiently important’ governmental interest.” Roberts’s opinion abandons that standard, holding that disclosure laws must be “narrowly tailored” to advance the government’s interest in requiring disclosure.</p>
<p>Most first-year law students will immediately recognize the significance of these two words, “narrowly tailored,” as it is part of the test the Supreme Court applies when it wishes to impose a <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/11/25/20974025/supreme-court-guns-second-amendment-new-york-state-rifle">very high presumption that certain laws are unconstitutional</a>. The Court, for example, imposes a narrow tailoring requirement on laws that discriminate on the basis of race.</p>
<p>Though <em>Americans for Prosperity</em> does not go quite as far as it could have — it does not apply a test known as “strict scrutiny,” the most skeptical test the Court applies in constitutional challenges — it comes pretty damn close.</p>
<p>When the Court applies a narrow tailoring requirement, it signals that a law will typically be struck down if the government could have advanced its goal in some other way. The practical impact of <em>Americans for Prosperity</em> is that all disclosure laws, including campaign disclosure laws, are now vulnerable if a plaintiff can think of some other hypothetical way that the government might have fostered the goal of transparency.</p>
<p>Roberts justified such a result because he claims that “disclosure requirements can chill association ‘[e]ven if there [is] no disclosure to the general public.’” He fears, in other words, a world in which donors will choose not to donate to groups like the Americans for Prosperity Foundation, out of fear that their names will be disclosed.</p>
<p>And then, of course, there is the shift from as-applied to facial challenges. Rather than simply doling out exemptions to disclosure laws, courts are now much more likely to strike them down in their entirety.</p>
<p>The decision is, simply put, a disaster for anyone hoping to know how wealthy donors influence American politics.</p>
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source <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/7/1/22559318/supreme-court-americans-for-prosperity-bonta-citizens-united-john-roberts-donor-disclosure">https://www.vox.com/2021/7/1/22559318/supreme-court-americans-for-prosperity-bonta-citizens-united-john-roberts-donor-disclosure</a>

vox SCOTUS just made Citizens United even worse

In its infamous decision in Citizens United v. FEC (2010), the Supreme Court tossed a bone to lawmakers seeking to regulate money in polit...