ANONYMOUS - OUR VOICE

July Fundraising Campaign

<div><img class="ff-og-image-inserted" src="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/JULY.jpg" /></div>
<div class="wp-block-columns" readability="6">
<div class="wp-block-column">
<h4 class="has-text-align-center has-custom-font"><strong><strong>July Fundraising Campaign Progress</strong></strong></h4>
</div>
</div>
<p><strong>The Daily Expose was set up due to a lack of alternatives to the lying mainstream media, and alternatives which report only the facts. Other alternative media sites are happy to publish articles backed up with zero or questionable evidence. Whereas the mainstream media simply refuse to publish the truth or publish half-truths, spun in a way to suit the narrative of the very authorities which are funding them through advertising fees for publishing propaganda.</strong></p>
<p>We want to increase our daily exposés and bring you more of the facts that the mainstream refuse to – but to do this we need your help. We rely solely on your support to grow and fund our investigative reports.</p>
<p>Google and Social Media silenced us yet again, which had a detrimental effect on our June Fundraising Campaign. So we’re continuing our June Fundraising Campaign into July – in the hope that you, our readers, can help us to reach 100% of our target and support us in our mission to report the facts that the mainstream refuse to.</p>
<p>Every month by paying your TV license you are donating £13.33 to the BBC who spread propaganda on behalf of the authorities, and lies. Why not donate that to ‘The Daily Expose’ instead who are committed to bringing you the facts that the mainstream refuse to. You can <strong><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=864RBRS7GH9LA" target="_blank">donate today via PayPal</a></strong> or if you <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/donate-today/" target="_blank"><strong>hate PayPal you can just donate by card</strong></a>. No matter how large or small your donation, every one will help us to bring you more of the facts that the mainstream refuse to.</p>
<h3>Why you should trust us…</h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>The No.1 reason you should trust ‘The Daily Expose’ is that all our investigations are based on official data</strong> such as the Office for National Statistics, the NHS, and the UK Government, and we link back to all our sources within every article.</li>
<li><strong>We aren’t paid by authorities to advertise propaganda on their behalf,</strong> instead we are fully funded by you, our readers, via voluntary support, which means we are only accountable to you.</li>
<li><strong>We are only interested in bringing you the facts</strong>, especially the ones that the mainstream refuse to.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Who we are…</h3>
<p>The Daily Expose is run by extremely ordinary, hardworking people who are sick and tired of the fear-mongering, lies and propaganda perpetuated by the mainstream media. We felt it was our duty to bring you the facts that the mainstream refuse to, and now here we are.</p>
<p>We believe our work speaks for itself, and we hope you do too.</p>
<h3>Our mission</h3>
<p>Our aim is to bring you, honest, trustworthy and reliable journalism. We do it for you, and you alone.</p>
<p>If you’d like to support us in our mission to keep bringing you the facts the mainstream refuse to then you can do so <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=864RBRS7GH9LA" target="_blank">via PayPal</a>, <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/donate-today/" target="_blank">Card Payment</a>, or <a href="https://commerce.coinbase.com/checkout/0e00a4d8-4c4a-43b1-8746-6e477dac325d">via cryptocurrency</a>.</p>
<div class="wp-block-columns" readability="6">
<div class="wp-block-column">
<h4 class="has-text-align-center has-custom-font"><strong><strong>July Fundraising Campaign Progress</strong></strong></h4>
</div>
</div>
<h3 class="jp-relatedposts-headline"><em>Related</em></h3>
<br />
<br />
source <a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/07/01/july-fundraising-campaign/">https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/07/01/july-fundraising-campaign/</a>

revolution July Fundraising Campaign

July Fundraising Campaign Progress The Daily Expose was set up due to a lack of alternatives to the lying mainstream media, and altern...

Devi Sridhar lies to the public again by claiming “not a single child has died due to the Covid-19 vaccine”

<p><strong>Devi Sridhar, the qualified nutritionist who is masquerading as a public health expert on all things Covid-19, is currently on a mission to convince the wider public that giving children the experimental Covid vaccine is the right thing to do.</strong></p>
<p>Just a few weeks ago we told you how a <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/57389353" target="_blank">BBC Newsround video featuring Devi Sridhar</a> was being broadcast to your children in schools, in which Devi appeared to tell children how safe and effective the Pfizer vaccine is and how important it is that they have the vaccine.</p>
<p>We also added <a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/06/08/everything-devi-sridhar-forgot-to-tell-your-children-in-bbc-newsround-film-shown-across-schools-on-covid-19-vaccines/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span>all the relevant information that Devi and the BBC chose to leave out</span></a>, so that you as a parent could make a properly informed decision on whether or not to allow your child to have the Pfizer Covid vaccine, as well as make you aware of how the BBC and Schools are attempting to indoctrinate and condition your children.</p>
<p>Unfortunately Devi still hasn’t learnt how to tell the truth and again lied to the general public in an appearance on Channel 4 News on the 29th June.</p>
<p>The <a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2020/12/15/why-is-a-nutritionist-calling-for-christmas-to-be-cancelled-and-advising-the-scottish-government-on-covid-19/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span>qualified nutritionist</span></a> stated that “there has not been one death to a child to the vaccine, there has been side effects but they’ve been treated.”</p>
<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio">
<div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
<p><span class="embed-youtube">[embedded content]</span></p>
</div>
</figure>
<p>It’s funny how she seems to have changed her tune from a few weeks ago in which she told your kids that “children experience similar side effects to adults – these include fatigue (feeling tired), having a headache, feeling generally unwell, but these cleared within a day or two.”</p>
<p>They certainly don’t sound like side effects which require treatment.</p>
<p>However the comment that really irked us was Devi’s claim that not a single child has died due to the Covid-19 vaccines. This is an outright lie.</p>
<p>A 16 year-old female received the Pfizer vaccine on the 19th March 2021. Nine days later the same female went into cardiac arrest at home. By the 30th March 2021 she had sadly died.</p>
<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter"><img alt="" class="wp-image-9090" data-attachment-id="9090" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="image-107" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-107.png?fit=478%2C405&ssl=1" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-107.png?fit=300%2C254&ssl=1" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-107.png?fit=478%2C405&ssl=1" data-orig-size="478,405" data-permalink="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/06/22/evidence-the-covid-19-vaccines-are-killing-children/image-107-5/" height="405" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 478px) 100vw, 478px" src="https://i0.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-107.png?resize=478%2C405&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-107.png?w=478&ssl=1 478w, https://i0.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-107.png?resize=300%2C254&ssl=1 300w" width="478" /></figure>
</div>
<p>A 17 year-old female started to suffer difficulty breathing and chest pain eight days after having the Pfizer vaccine. She then suffered cardiac arrest and sadly died.</p>
<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter"><img alt="" class="wp-image-9091" data-attachment-id="9091" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="image-108" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-108.png?fit=471%2C254&ssl=1" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-108.png?fit=300%2C162&ssl=1" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-108.png?fit=471%2C254&ssl=1" data-orig-size="471,254" data-permalink="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/06/22/evidence-the-covid-19-vaccines-are-killing-children/image-108-5/" height="254" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 471px) 100vw, 471px" src="https://i0.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-108.png?resize=471%2C254&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-108.png?w=471&ssl=1 471w, https://i0.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-108.png?resize=300%2C162&ssl=1 300w" width="471" /></figure>
</div>
<p>A 15 year-old female suffered cardiac arrest and ended up in intensive care four days after having the Moderna mRNA jab. She also sadly died.</p>
<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter"><img alt="" class="wp-image-9092" data-attachment-id="9092" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="image-109" data-large-file="https://i2.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-109.png?fit=471%2C283&ssl=1" data-medium-file="https://i2.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-109.png?fit=300%2C180&ssl=1" data-orig-file="https://i2.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-109.png?fit=471%2C283&ssl=1" data-orig-size="471,283" data-permalink="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/06/22/evidence-the-covid-19-vaccines-are-killing-children/image-109-5/" height="283" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 471px) 100vw, 471px" src="https://i2.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-109.png?resize=471%2C283&ssl=1" srcset="https://i2.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-109.png?w=471&ssl=1 471w, https://i2.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-109.png?resize=300%2C180&ssl=1 300w" width="471" /></figure>
</div>
<p>A five-month old breast-fed baby developed a rash one day after his mother had received the Pfizer jab. Within 24 hours he was inconsolable, refusing to eat and developed a fever. Medical tests discovered the baby had elevated liver enzymes. The baby was hospitalised however his condition worsened and he was diagnosed with <strong>Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura</strong> (TTP), a rare blood disorder.</p>
<p>In TTP, blood clots form in small blood vessels throughout the body. The clots can limit or block the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the body’s organs, such as the brain, kidneys, and heart. </p>
<p>Sadly the baby passed away just two days later.</p>
<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter"><img alt="" class="wp-image-9094" data-attachment-id="9094" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="image-110" data-large-file="https://i2.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-110.png?fit=472%2C303&ssl=1" data-medium-file="https://i2.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-110.png?fit=300%2C193&ssl=1" data-orig-file="https://i2.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-110.png?fit=472%2C303&ssl=1" data-orig-size="472,303" data-permalink="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/06/22/evidence-the-covid-19-vaccines-are-killing-children/image-110-5/" height="303" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 472px) 100vw, 472px" src="https://i2.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-110.png?resize=472%2C303&ssl=1" srcset="https://i2.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-110.png?w=472&ssl=1 472w, https://i2.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-110.png?resize=300%2C193&ssl=1 300w" width="472" /></figure>
</div>
<p>A 16 year-old male received the Pfizer vaccine and developed a headache and an upset stomach two days after having the second dose. Sadly the following day the boy was found dead in bed.</p>
<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter"><img alt="" class="wp-image-9095" data-attachment-id="9095" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="image-111" data-large-file="https://i1.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-111.png?fit=552%2C339&ssl=1" data-medium-file="https://i1.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-111.png?fit=300%2C184&ssl=1" data-orig-file="https://i1.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-111.png?fit=552%2C339&ssl=1" data-orig-size="552,339" data-permalink="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/06/22/evidence-the-covid-19-vaccines-are-killing-children/image-111-5/" height="339" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 552px) 100vw, 552px" src="https://i1.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-111.png?resize=552%2C339&ssl=1" srcset="https://i1.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-111.png?w=552&ssl=1 552w, https://i1.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-111.png?resize=300%2C184&ssl=1 300w" width="552" /></figure>
</div>
<p>A fifteen year-old female received her second dose of the Pfizer jab on the 6th June 2021. Sadly one day later she died suddenly without reason.</p>
<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter"><img alt="" class="wp-image-9096" data-attachment-id="9096" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="image-112" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-112.png?fit=562%2C313&ssl=1" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-112.png?fit=300%2C167&ssl=1" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-112.png?fit=562%2C313&ssl=1" data-orig-size="562,313" data-permalink="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/06/22/evidence-the-covid-19-vaccines-are-killing-children/image-112-5/" height="313" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 562px) 100vw, 562px" src="https://i0.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-112.png?resize=562%2C313&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-112.png?w=562&ssl=1 562w, https://i0.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-112.png?resize=300%2C167&ssl=1 300w" width="562" /></figure>
</div>
<p>A 15 year-old male die due to an unexplained reason twenty-three days after having the Pfizer jab.</p>
<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter"><img alt="" class="wp-image-9097" data-attachment-id="9097" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="image-113" data-large-file="https://i2.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-113.png?fit=556%2C283&ssl=1" data-medium-file="https://i2.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-113.png?fit=300%2C153&ssl=1" data-orig-file="https://i2.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-113.png?fit=556%2C283&ssl=1" data-orig-size="556,283" data-permalink="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/06/22/evidence-the-covid-19-vaccines-are-killing-children/image-113-5/" height="283" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 556px) 100vw, 556px" src="https://i2.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-113.png?resize=556%2C283&ssl=1" srcset="https://i2.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-113.png?w=556&ssl=1 556w, https://i2.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-113.png?resize=300%2C153&ssl=1 300w" width="556" /></figure>
</div>
<p>A 15 year-old female received her 2nd dose of the Moderna vaccine, then suffered a cardiac arrest and tragically died.</p>
<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter"><img alt="" class="wp-image-9098" data-attachment-id="9098" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="image-114" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-114.png?fit=547%2C481&ssl=1" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-114.png?fit=300%2C264&ssl=1" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-114.png?fit=547%2C481&ssl=1" data-orig-size="547,481" data-permalink="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/06/22/evidence-the-covid-19-vaccines-are-killing-children/image-114-5/" height="481" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 547px) 100vw, 547px" src="https://i0.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-114.png?resize=547%2C481&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-114.png?w=547&ssl=1 547w, https://i0.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-114.png?resize=300%2C264&ssl=1 300w" width="547" /></figure>
</div>
<p>A one-year-old baby received the Moderna jab. The jab caused his body temperature to increase forcing him into a seizure. The result? The one year-old passed away.</p>
<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter"><img alt="" class="wp-image-9100" data-attachment-id="9100" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="image-115" data-large-file="https://i2.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-115.png?fit=554%2C291&ssl=1" data-medium-file="https://i2.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-115.png?fit=300%2C158&ssl=1" data-orig-file="https://i2.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-115.png?fit=554%2C291&ssl=1" data-orig-size="554,291" data-permalink="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/06/22/evidence-the-covid-19-vaccines-are-killing-children/image-115-5/" height="291" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 554px) 100vw, 554px" src="https://i2.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-115.png?resize=554%2C291&ssl=1" srcset="https://i2.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-115.png?w=554&ssl=1 554w, https://i2.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-115.png?resize=300%2C158&ssl=1 300w" width="554" /></figure>
</div>
<p>Another 15 year-old male had the Pfizer mRNA jab. One day later he suffered heart failure and sadly died.</p>
<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter"><img alt="" class="wp-image-9101" data-attachment-id="9101" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="image-116" data-large-file="https://i1.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-116.png?fit=537%2C261&ssl=1" data-medium-file="https://i1.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-116.png?fit=300%2C146&ssl=1" data-orig-file="https://i1.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-116.png?fit=537%2C261&ssl=1" data-orig-size="537,261" data-permalink="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/06/22/evidence-the-covid-19-vaccines-are-killing-children/image-116-5/" height="261" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 537px) 100vw, 537px" src="https://i1.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-116.png?resize=537%2C261&ssl=1" srcset="https://i1.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-116.png?w=537&ssl=1 537w, https://i1.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-116.png?resize=300%2C146&ssl=1 300w" width="537" /></figure>
</div>
<p>All of these unnecessary deaths have been officially recorded on the US Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), and can be viewed <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.openvaers.com/covid-data/covid-full-data" target="_blank">here </a>by searching for the VAERS ID.</p>
<p>The Covid-19 vaccines <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/06/20/the-government-and-its-scientists-dont-have-a-clue-if-the-covid-vaccines-are-actually-working-have-they-ever-heard-of-seasonality/" target="_blank">have not been proven</a> to stop people catching Covid-19, and they have not been proven to stop people spreading Covid-19. The only thing they’re claimed to do is reduce serious illness if infected with Covid-19, but we still cannot even be sure of this due to the fact the rate of alleged deaths has fallen at the same rate it did last year when there were no miraculous vaccines, have the government and its scientists ever heard of seasonality?</p>
<p>Devi Sridhar is telling lies, and dangerous ones at that. If her lies convince just one single person to allow their child to have the Covid-19 vaccine then Devi Sridhar will have blood on her hands.</p>
<div class="wp-block-group" readability="3.5614973262032">
<div class="wp-block-group__inner-container" readability="4.7486631016043">
<hr class="wp-block-separator" />
<p class="has-text-align-center has-custom-font"><strong><a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/07/01/july-fundraising-campaign/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span class="has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color">We urgently need your help!</span><br /></a></strong><a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/07/01/july-fundraising-campaign/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><strong>Censorship has caused support for our</strong><br />
<strong>fundraising campaign to drop drastically.</strong><br />
<strong>If you like what we do then please help us to</strong><br />
<strong>keep doing it by supporting us today.</strong></a></p>
<p class="has-text-align-center has-custom-font"><strong><span class="has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color">Please choose your preferred donation method</span></strong></p>
<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter is-resized"><a href="https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=864RBRS7GH9LA"><img alt="" class="wp-image-9610" data-attachment-id="9610" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="image-159" data-large-file="https://i1.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-159.png?fit=332%2C89&ssl=1" data-medium-file="https://i1.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-159.png?fit=300%2C80&ssl=1" data-orig-file="https://i1.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-159.png?fit=332%2C89&ssl=1" data-orig-size="332,89" data-permalink="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/07/01/july-fundraising-campaign/image-159-3/" height="49" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 180px) 100vw, 180px" src="https://i1.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-159.png?resize=219%2C59&ssl=1" srcset="https://i1.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-159.png?w=332&ssl=1 332w, https://i1.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-159.png?resize=300%2C80&ssl=1 300w" width="180" /></a></figure>
</div>
<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter is-resized"><a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/donate-today/"><img alt="" class="wp-image-9614" data-attachment-id="9614" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="image-163" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-163.png?fit=332%2C89&ssl=1" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-163.png?fit=300%2C80&ssl=1" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-163.png?fit=332%2C89&ssl=1" data-orig-size="332,89" data-permalink="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/07/01/july-fundraising-campaign/image-163-3/" height="49" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 180px) 100vw, 180px" src="https://i0.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-163.png?resize=217%2C59&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-163.png?w=332&ssl=1 332w, https://i0.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-163.png?resize=300%2C80&ssl=1 300w" width="180" /></a></figure>
</div>
<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter is-resized"><a href="https://commerce.coinbase.com/checkout/0e00a4d8-4c4a-43b1-8746-6e477dac325d"><img alt="" class="wp-image-9617" data-attachment-id="9617" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-description="" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="image-166" data-large-file="https://i1.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-166.png?fit=332%2C89&ssl=1" data-medium-file="https://i1.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-166.png?fit=300%2C80&ssl=1" data-orig-file="https://i1.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-166.png?fit=332%2C89&ssl=1" data-orig-size="332,89" data-permalink="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/07/01/july-fundraising-campaign/image-166-3/" height="50" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 187px) 100vw, 187px" src="https://i1.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-166.png?resize=216%2C58&ssl=1" srcset="https://i1.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-166.png?w=332&ssl=1 332w, https://i1.wp.com/dailyexpose.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/image-166.png?resize=300%2C80&ssl=1 300w" width="187" /></a></figure>
</div>
<hr class="wp-block-separator" />
<div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel">
<div class="coblocks-slick pb-8" data-slick='{"slidesToScroll":1,"arrow":true,"slidesToShow":3,"infinite":true,"adaptiveHeight":false,"draggable":true,"rtl":false,"responsive":[{"breakpoint":1024,"settings":{"slidesToShow":3}},{"breakpoint":600,"settings":{"slidesToShow":2}},{"breakpoint":480,"settings":{"slidesToShow":1}}]}'>
<div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__item" readability="17.163636363636">
<div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__content" readability="18.236363636364"><time datetime="2021-07-01T10:44:52+01:00" class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__date">July 1, 2021</time><a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/07/01/fully-vaccinated-man-who-received-moderna-covid-19-booster-shot-reports-more-severe-side-effects/" alt="Fully Vaccinated Man Who Received Moderna Covid-19 Booster Shot Reports ‘More Severe’ Side Effects">Fully Vaccinated Man Who Received Moderna Covid-19 Booster Shot Reports ‘More Severe’ Side Effects</a>
<p>Source: Business InsiderPictured: Study volunteer virologist, Joseph Hyser receiving his booster shot; …</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__item" readability="17.891428571429">
<div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__content" readability="18.468571428571"><time datetime="2021-07-01T09:32:23+01:00" class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__date">July 1, 2021</time><a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/07/01/philippines-threatens-covid-vaccine-decliners-with-jail-time-or-ivermectin/" alt="Philippines Threatens Covid Vaccine Decliners With Jail Time or Ivermectin">Philippines Threatens Covid Vaccine Decliners With Jail Time or Ivermectin</a>
<p>Source: IndependentPresident Rodrigo Duterte said on live TV that Filipinos will face …</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__item" readability="23.091836734694">
<div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__content" readability="23.836734693878"><time datetime="2021-07-01T00:04:43+01:00" class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__date">July 1, 2021</time><a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/07/01/july-fundraising-campaign/" alt="July Fundraising Campaign">July Fundraising Campaign</a>
<p>The Daily Expose was set up due to a lack of alternatives …</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__item" readability="13.096256684492">
<div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__content" readability="13.51871657754"><time datetime="2021-06-30T22:56:47+01:00" class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__date">June 30, 2021</time><a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/06/30/world-economic-forum-releases-guide-on-how-to-coerce-and-manipulate-public-into-getting-the-covid-19-vaccine/" alt="World Economic Forum releases guide on how to coerce and manipulate public into getting the Covid-19 Vaccine">World Economic Forum releases guide on how to coerce and manipulate public into getting the Covid-19 Vaccine</a>
<p>The World Economic Forum have had a bigger part to play during …</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__item" readability="16.719101123596">
<div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__content" readability="17.258426966292"><time datetime="2021-06-30T13:28:47+01:00" class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__date">June 30, 2021</time><a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/06/30/greece-bribing-young-people-to-get-covid-19-vaccine-with-money-and-free-phone-data/" alt="Greece Bribing Young People To Get Covid-19 Vaccine With Money and Free Phone Data">Greece Bribing Young People To Get Covid-19 Vaccine With Money and Free Phone Data</a>
<p>Source: ABC NewsTo challenge vaccine hesitancy and encourage more people to get …</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__item" readability="18.69512195122">
<div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__content" readability="19.585365853659"><time datetime="2021-06-30T10:58:48+01:00" class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__date">June 30, 2021</time><a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/06/30/did-hancock-jump-or-was-he-pushed-under-a-bus/" alt="Did Hancock jump or was he pushed … under a bus?">Did Hancock jump or was he pushed … under a bus?</a>
<p>After a week of the media building up to it, on Saturday …</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__item" readability="16.703883495146">
<div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__content" readability="17.242718446602"><time datetime="2021-06-30T10:06:51+01:00" class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__date">June 30, 2021</time><a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/06/30/who-quietly-removes-section-advising-against-children-receiving-covid-19-vaccine-on-its-website/" alt="WHO Quietly Removes Section Advising Against Children Receiving Covid-19 Vaccine On Its Website">WHO Quietly Removes Section Advising Against Children Receiving Covid-19 Vaccine On Its Website</a>
<p>Source: World Health OrganisationWHO has removed a section advising against children receiving …</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__item" readability="13.651376146789">
<div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__content" readability="14.091743119266"><time datetime="2021-06-29T14:16:05+01:00" class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__date">June 29, 2021</time><a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/06/29/lisbon-court-rules-that-only-0-9-of-verified-cases-died-of-covid-19-not-17000-as-portuguese-government-claimed/" alt="Lisbon Court Rules That Only 0.9% of ‘Verified Cases’ Died of Covid-19 – Not 17,000 As Portuguese Government Claimed">Lisbon Court Rules That Only 0.9% of ‘Verified Cases’ Died of Covid-19 – Not 17,000 As Portuguese Government Claimed</a>
<p>Source: Andre-DiasThe court revealed that only 0.9% of 'verified cases' dief of …</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__item" readability="12.094170403587">
<div class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__content" readability="12.484304932735"><time datetime="2021-06-29T13:31:20+01:00" class="wp-block-coblocks-post-carousel__date">June 29, 2021</time><a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/06/29/feel-sorry-for-chris-whitty-then-you-must-not-know-what-whitty-and-hancock-did-to-the-elderly-and-vulnerable-from-march-2020-onwards/" alt="Feel sorry for Chris Whitty? Then you must not know what Whitty and Hancock did to the elderly and vulnerable from March 2020 onwards…">Feel sorry for Chris Whitty? Then you must not know what Whitty and Hancock did to the elderly and vulnerable from March 2020 onwards…</a>
<p>There's a video doing the rounds in the mainstream media today showing …</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<h3 class="jp-relatedposts-headline"><em>Related</em></h3>
<br />
<br />
source <a href="https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/06/30/devi-sridhar-lies-to-the-public-again-by-claiming-not-a-single-child-has-died-due-to-the-covid-19-vaccine/">https://dailyexpose.co.uk/2021/06/30/devi-sridhar-lies-to-the-public-again-by-claiming-not-a-single-child-has-died-due-to-the-covid-19-vaccine/</a>

revolution Devi Sridhar lies to the public again by claiming “not a single child has died due to the Covid-19 vaccine”

Devi Sridhar, the qualified nutritionist who is masquerading as a public health expert on all things Covid-19, is currently on a mission to ...

The court decision freeing Bill Cosby, explained as best we can

<p>Bill Cosby, the disgraced comedian who was convicted of sexual assault in 2018, <a href="https://www.cnn.com/us/live-news/bill-cosby-conviction-release-6-30-21/index.html">is no longer in prison</a>, due to a state supreme court decision in <a href="https://www.pacourts.us/assets/opinions/Supreme/out/J-100-2020mo%20-%20104821740139246918.pdf?cb=1"><em>Commonwealth v. Cosby</em></a>.</p>
<p>The circumstances that freed him involve a stunning display of prosecutorial incompetence, a divided Pennsylvania Supreme Court that split three ways on what should become of Cosby, and a <a href="https://www.pacourts.us/assets/opinions/Supreme/out/J-100-2020mo%20-%20104821740139246918.pdf?cb=1">long, rambling judicial opinion</a> that is often difficult to parse.</p>
<p>The thrust of that opinion is that, even though then-Montgomery County District Attorney Bruce Castor never reached a formal agreement with Cosby that granted him immunity from prosecution, a press release that Castor sent out in 2005 — combined with Cosby’s later, incriminating testimony in a civil lawsuit — had the same effect as a formal immunity deal.</p>
<p>That decision — which, again, attaches a simply astonishing amount of legal weight to a 16-year-old press release — is less ridiculous than it sounds. It does not exonerate Cosby; it merely strikes down his conviction on constitutional grounds. Justice David Wecht’s majority opinion is poorly organized and, at times, quite difficult to follow. But it is rooted in basic principles of contract law that will be familiar to most first-year law students.</p>
<p>The court owed the public, and especially victims of sexual assault, a clearer explanation of why it decided to free Cosby. Though accusations against the former entertainer came to light before the Me Too movement began, he was, <a href="https://www.vox.com/2018/10/1/17902810/bill-cosby-sentencing-harvey-weinstein-larry-nassar">as Vox’s Anna North explained</a>, “one of the first high-profile men to face criminal consequences for sexual misconduct” since the movement gained steam. The court’s often-confounding opinion muddies this case’s place in history and may <a href="https://twitter.com/realdylanfarrow/status/1410334656591917056?s=21">contribute</a> to sexual assault victims’ sense that <a href="https://www.vox.com/2019/12/11/21003592/me-too-movement-sexual-assault-crimes-reporting">reporting the crimes against them won’t lead to justice</a>.</p>
<p>But that doesn’t necessarily mean the court’s decision was wrong as a matter of law. Six members of the seven-justice Pennsylvania Supreme Court agreed that Cosby’s conviction must be tossed out, although only Wecht and three other justices agreed that the state should not be allowed to retry Cosby.</p>
<figure class="e-image"><span class="e-image__inner"><span class="e-image__image" data-original="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692638/GettyImages_1040080752t.jpg"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1625129609_7074_157795" data-cdata='{"asset_id":22692638,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/rCLBz2GqZSzOggPdbRSgd5xfAtw=/0x0:3500x2333/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3500x2333):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692638/GettyImages_1040080752t.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/AO_GB375ofd-P2_UIfr8RUAzW2U=/0x0:3500x2333/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3500x2333):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692638/GettyImages_1040080752t.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/mP_XswmBBbBEQ2r-acQSoevybds=/0x0:3500x2333/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3500x2333):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692638/GettyImages_1040080752t.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ylnxbJBYF_5H5jfhjhU5l5hFDGo=/0x0:3500x2333/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3500x2333):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692638/GettyImages_1040080752t.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/2ups88719gzRr7FU27jLCXw1DNw=/0x0:3500x2333/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:3500x2333):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692638/GettyImages_1040080752t.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Uz7bjzMZYj99NO0O0GauHYBGPlU=/0x0:3500x2333/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3500x2333):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692638/GettyImages_1040080752t.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/5chRby0icCyuGB-QczP052U3EGA=/0x0:3500x2333/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3500x2333):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692638/GettyImages_1040080752t.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/wbxeoo1spdCONTLTPWuECbpQEIk=/0x0:3500x2333/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3500x2333):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692638/GettyImages_1040080752t.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/hS4v0t2ToMudGkXAnTwkkp7DgY0=/0x0:3500x2333/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3500x2333):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692638/GettyImages_1040080752t.jpg 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="" data-upload-width="3500" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/53As6fDePdUQPffwW2yLohDzO9c=/0x0:3500x2333/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:3500x2333):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692638/GettyImages_1040080752t.jpg" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/OmbkDl6nu7eLK0Mif2qfRiqHOmo=/0x0:3500x2333/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3500x2333):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692638/GettyImages_1040080752t.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/1-RiFdMC0HAJN7zgV1vLpnZmhH8=/0x0:3500x2333/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3500x2333):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692638/GettyImages_1040080752t.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/cLtKoZfTafH7BesQPfAGjIJqzbo=/0x0:3500x2333/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3500x2333):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692638/GettyImages_1040080752t.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ZEFru0h0mq59avWadOKwtoZfA6U=/0x0:3500x2333/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3500x2333):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692638/GettyImages_1040080752t.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/LzJ-4r6P7GVWKjD0qnWdcVDOZxY=/0x0:3500x2333/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:3500x2333):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692638/GettyImages_1040080752t.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/6ff1HeG0As50gxpQrDjcDEf1uLA=/0x0:3500x2333/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:3500x2333):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692638/GettyImages_1040080752t.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/mSULj7Yucgh2IZj8AofRgSNDFuA=/0x0:3500x2333/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:3500x2333):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692638/GettyImages_1040080752t.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/BmnYx6iEm2CG-pRr0HFR7tQTHb0=/0x0:3500x2333/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:3500x2333):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692638/GettyImages_1040080752t.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/oMoAmiEQydnqquia-mSgHBI7D5M=/0x0:3500x2333/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:3500x2333):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692638/GettyImages_1040080752t.jpg 1920w" /></picture></span></span>
<figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">Bill Cosby walking the halls of the Montgomery County Courthouse after being sentenced after his sexual assault retrial on September 25, 2018, in Norristown, Pennsylvania.</span></figcaption>
<span class="e-image__meta"><cite>Mark Makela/Getty Images</cite></span></figure>
<p><a href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2018/04/27/bill-cosby-full-list-accusers/555144002/">Sixty women accused Cosby of sexual assault</a>, but he was ultimately convicted of assaulting just one of those women, Andrea Constand.</p>
<p>It’s possible that some other prosecutor will pursue a case involving one of Cosby’s 59 other accusers. But, barring an unlikely intervention by the US Supreme Court, Wecht is likely to have the final word on Cosby’s conviction for assaulting Constand.</p>
<p>That conviction is now dead, and likely to remain so.</p>
<p>Andrea Constand is a former professional basketball player who formed a personal relationship with Cosby while she was directing Temple University’s women’s basketball program. Cosby invited her to his home, invited her family to his standup performances, and offered to help Constand launch a career in sports broadcasting. As P.R. Lockhart reported for Vox in 2018, “In 2004, Constand alleged that Cosby drugged and molested her during an incident at his home. The accusations were the subject of a civil lawsuit in 2005 and a criminal trial in 2017.”</p>
<p>Per the suits, during a visit to Cosby’s home in 2004, Cosby convinced Constand to take three pills containing some sort of sedative (Cosby claims that the pills were Benadryl). Shortly thereafter, Constand became weak and unable to move or speak. She also started slipping in and out of consciousness.</p>
<p>Then, while Constand was unable to tell Cosby “no” or physically attempt to stop him, he touched her breasts and inserted his fingers into her vagina. Cosby also used Constand’s hand to masturbate himself.</p>
<p>This incident also fit a pattern. At the criminal trial where Cosby was convicted of assaulting Constand, five other women testified that Cosby had also sexually assaulted them. Several of them testified that Cosby offered to mentor them or otherwise indicated that he could help their careers. And all of them testified that he gave them drugs, alcohol, or both to prevent them from resisting when he attacked them.</p>
<p>Prosecutors did not bring charges against Cosby until 2015, however, more than a decade after he assaulted Constand. Part of the reason is that Constand did not come forward with her allegations against Cosby until 2005, about a year after she was assaulted.</p>
<p>But an even more significant reason is that Castor, the district attorney, did not believe he could secure a conviction if he’d brought charges against Cosby in 2005.</p>
<p>After a month-long investigation into Constand’s allegations against Cosby, Castor decided not to bring charges. Yet, according to Wecht’s majority opinion, Castor still “contemplated an alternative course of action that could place Constand on a path to some form of justice.”</p>
<p>That path: civil court.</p>
<p>Under the Fifth Amendment, no one may be “<a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/fifth_amendment">compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself</a>.” But if a potential criminal defendant is given immunity from prosecution, they may be compelled to testify against themselves in a civil trial. So, as Castor later explained, he decided “that <a href="https://www.pacourts.us/assets/opinions/Supreme/out/J-100-2020mo%20-%20104821740139246918.pdf?cb=1">Mr. Cosby would not be prosecuted no matter what</a>,” thinking Constand would have a better shot at justice in civil court. With the threat of prosecution removed, “that then made it so that [Cosby] could not take the Fifth Amendment ever as a matter of law.”</p>
<p>But Castor never reached a formal immunity agreement with Cosby, and Pennsylvania law typically requires a district attorney to “<a href="https://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/legis/LI/consCheck.cfm?txtType=HTM&ttl=42&div=0&chpt=59&sctn=47&subsctn=0">request an immunity order from any judge of a designated court</a>” before such an agreement is finalized.</p>
<figure class="e-image"><span class="e-image__inner"><span class="e-image__image" data-original="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692649/GettyImages_1039263032t.jpg"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1625129609_4417_157796" data-cdata='{"asset_id":22692649,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/YhGL9cD0BTcWlrJT67lgLcdS98g=/0x0:2600x1734/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2600x1734):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692649/GettyImages_1039263032t.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/N2BaRQCPikfpO42Axy6efCVFypE=/0x0:2600x1734/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2600x1734):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692649/GettyImages_1039263032t.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/on5BZpQS1cAjecNKPK8VJvRvvPY=/0x0:2600x1734/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2600x1734):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692649/GettyImages_1039263032t.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/OxJr5oR-W1U3q7JkzA9ZJVHotLg=/0x0:2600x1734/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2600x1734):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692649/GettyImages_1039263032t.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ntt4lCyYmlWi2cAz5nY5KOQt_Sg=/0x0:2600x1734/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:2600x1734):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692649/GettyImages_1039263032t.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/oN_BLvgjuOy038_VlyUNoWpD9mQ=/0x0:2600x1734/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2600x1734):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692649/GettyImages_1039263032t.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/39y7Ur-9YIN6qejsccdE4omzn2M=/0x0:2600x1734/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2600x1734):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692649/GettyImages_1039263032t.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/0mmaXgRxowQHZQIxbrd8Ayq8Et8=/0x0:2600x1734/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2600x1734):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692649/GettyImages_1039263032t.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/kiGcdPOj2r9R67EXpToOLjTqTz4=/0x0:2600x1734/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2600x1734):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692649/GettyImages_1039263032t.jpg 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="" data-upload-width="2600" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/E0hKLQt_guGED9AK7pHvClb-rSI=/0x0:2600x1734/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:2600x1734):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692649/GettyImages_1039263032t.jpg" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/aUZqpLhsSyDbI4Ws5kGWmbzMpoo=/0x0:2600x1734/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2600x1734):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692649/GettyImages_1039263032t.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/JmIbtJjn_vRA-jA7C2u6Wy39DGA=/0x0:2600x1734/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2600x1734):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692649/GettyImages_1039263032t.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/wd0URSKWydgq0f6D5IKMnlVh194=/0x0:2600x1734/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2600x1734):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692649/GettyImages_1039263032t.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/kzyeLY8VWNvF40GIc2__Yv6eoks=/0x0:2600x1734/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2600x1734):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692649/GettyImages_1039263032t.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Ll39LOdkN1b7n-fjkp6z7issKs0=/0x0:2600x1734/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:2600x1734):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692649/GettyImages_1039263032t.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/vml7GM01xLKW3HmkgLVyvNsmlDc=/0x0:2600x1734/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:2600x1734):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692649/GettyImages_1039263032t.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ckm0hXZS4Vvvc_53wlFzdlsMkKI=/0x0:2600x1734/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:2600x1734):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692649/GettyImages_1039263032t.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/FQxbTk3SLLzTj4DEc0VDzq-s4gU=/0x0:2600x1734/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:2600x1734):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692649/GettyImages_1039263032t.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/8Q1bYJmeVyEN2WDptCV97WVyc8I=/0x0:2600x1734/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:2600x1734):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692649/GettyImages_1039263032t.jpg 1920w" /></picture></span></span>
<figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">Andrea Constand arrives at the sentencing hearing of Bill Cosby’s sexual assault trial at the Montgomery County Courthouse in Norristown, Pennsylvania.</span></figcaption>
<span class="e-image__meta"><cite>David Maialetti/Pool/AFP via Getty Images</cite></span></figure>
<p>Instead, Castor sent a press release in February 2005 announcing that “the District Attorney <a href="https://www.pacourts.us/assets/opinions/Supreme/out/J-100-2020mo%20-%20104821740139246918.pdf?cb=1">finds insufficient credible and admissible evidence exists</a> upon which any charge against Mr. Cosby could be sustained beyond a reasonable doubt.” The press release claimed that “a conviction under the circumstances of this case would be unattainable.”</p>
<p>Less than a month later, Constand filed a civil suit against Cosby, which she eventually settled for $3.38 million. But Cosby and Castor didn’t reach a formal immunity agreement during the year and a half while this case was being litigated either. During that suit, Cosby sat for four depositions and testified about his interactions with Constand. He also admitted that, in the past, he’d given Quaaludes, a sedative drug, to women with whom he wanted to have sex.</p>
<p>According to Wecht, “From the perspective of Cosby’s attorneys, the district attorney’s decision legally deprived Cosby of any right or ability to invoke the Fifth Amendment,” and “not once during the four depositions did Cosby invoke the Fifth Amendment or even mention it.”</p>
<p>Castor stepped down as district attorney in 2008 following his election to another office (Castor is a prominent Pennsylvania Republican, who briefly served as the state’s acting attorney general in 2016 and eventually <a href="https://www.mcall.com/news/pennsylvania/capitol-ideas/mc-nws-who-is-bruce-castor-20210201-cngiuxhnvngqrjecca7hkdjdgu-story.html">represented then-President Donald Trump at his second impeachment trial</a>), and his successor, Risa Vetri Ferman, decided to reopen the Cosby investigation in 2015.</p>
<p>Significantly, Ferman made the decision to reopen the investigation after a federal judge unsealed Cosby’s depositions, suggesting she may have based that decision on information Cosby revealed while testifying during the civil trial. Moreover, as Justice Kevin Dougherty notes in a <a href="https://www.pacourts.us/assets/opinions/Supreme/out/J-100-2020cdo%20-%20104821740139246932.pdf?cb=1">partial dissent</a>, Ferman’s office used “the evidence obtained in the civil case concerning Cosby’s ‘use of drugs to facilitate his sexual exploits’” against Cosby at his criminal trial.</p>
<p>And that brings us to the legal reason the state supreme court eventually tossed out Cosby’s conviction.</p>
<p>In order to understand Wecht’s opinion, it’s helpful to understand a few basic contract law principles.</p>
<p>Ordinarily, in order for two parties to be bound by a contract, certain elements must be present. One party has to make the other an offer, and the other party needs to accept that offer. There also must be “consideration,” meaning each party has to agree to give something up to the other one. Under a doctrine known as “promissory estoppel,” however, a court will sometimes dispense with these requirements if one party makes a promise to the other, and the second party relies on that promise to their detriment.</p>
<p>Here’s a fairly basic example of how promissory estoppel works: When I started law school, a school official told the incoming class that the university would not enforce parking restrictions during the first week of classes. I relied on this promise, parked in a lot that I was ordinarily not allowed to park in, and received a ticket. After I complained to the university, they rescinded the ticket, because I’d relied on the university’s promise and suffered as a result.</p>
<p>According to Wecht, Castor’s 2005 press release functions much like my law school’s promise not to ticket me if I parked in the wrong lot. Cosby, moreover, relied on Castor’s alleged promise not to prosecute him by declining to assert his Fifth Amendment rights during his civil trial. And Cosby relied on that alleged promise very much to his own detriment. Not only did he reveal incriminating information during his civil depositions — testimony that was used against him in a criminal trial — but he also later settled the case for millions of dollars.</p>
<p>There are a number of weaknesses in Wecht’s arguments. For one thing, as Wecht acknowledges in his opinion, Pennsylvania law typically requires prosecutors to seek a formal order from a judge if they want to grant immunity from prosecution to a particular individual. And the 2005 press release doesn’t exactly contain explicit language to the effect of “I promise that this office will never bring a prosecution against Bill Cosby.”</p>
<p>As Justice Thomas Saylor writes in a <a href="https://www.pacourts.us/assets/opinions/Supreme/out/J-100-2020do%20-%20104821740139246963.pdf?cb=1">dissenting opinion</a>:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>I read the operative language [of the press release] — “District Attorney Castor declines to authorize the filing of criminal charges in connection with this matter” — as a conventional public announcement of a present exercise of prosecutorial discretion by the temporary occupant of the elected office of district attorney that would in no way be binding upon his own future decision-making processes, let alone those of his successor.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Wecht, meanwhile, replies that prosecutors must be held to a higher standard. “As prosecutors are vested with such ‘tremendous’ discretion and authority,” he writes in the court’s majority opinion, “our law has long recognized the special weight that must be accorded to their assurances.”</p>
<p>In any event, Saylor was the sole dissenter on this point. All six other justices agreed that Castor’s press release should be read as a promise. As Dougherty writes in his partial dissent:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>By publicly announcing that appellant William Cosby would not be charged with any crimes related to Andrea Constand — a decision apparently made, in part, to force Cosby to testify in Constand’s future anticipated civil suit — former Montgomery County District Attorney Bruce Castor intended to, and in fact did, force Cosby to give up his Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination. Then, years later, Castor’s successor used the damaging evidence Cosby turned over in the civil case to convict him of the same criminal offenses he had previously been induced to believe were off the table. I am constrained to agree with the majority that due process does not permit the government to engage in this type of coercive bait-and-switch.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>It should be noted that neither Wecht’s nor Dougherty’s opinion suggests that <em>any</em> statement by a prosecutor who declines to bring a certain prosecution prevents them, or their successor, from changing their mind later. Rather, Cosby prevailed because he relied on Castor’s previous statement and abandoned his Fifth Amendment rights during the civil lawsuit.</p>
<p>One of the weakest parts of Wecht’s majority opinion is the final part of his reasoning, where he concludes that the state is permanently barred from retrying Cosby for assaulting Constand.</p>
<p>The thrust of this section of Wecht’s opinion is that the state’s treatment of Cosby was so egregious that it demands an extreme remedy. “It bears repeating that D.A. Castor intended his charging decision to induce the waiver of Cosby’s fundamental constitutional right,” Wecht writes. He adds that “under these circumstances, neither our principles of justice, nor society’s expectations, nor our sense of fair play and decency, can tolerate anything short of compelling the Montgomery County District Attorney’s Office to stand by the decision of its former elected head.”</p>
<p>That decision, of course, was the decision to never bring charges against Cosby.</p>
<p>Dougherty, meanwhile, sketches out a more moderate approach in his partial dissent. “It is not the mere fact that another district attorney sought to prosecute Cosby after Castor made an unauthorized (and invalid) declaration there would be no such prosecution that resulted in the due process violation,” Dougherty writes. Rather, it was the prosecution’s use of information obtained at the civil trial to convict Cosby.</p>
<p>Accordingly, the appropriate remedy, according to Dougherty, should be to allow the state to retry Cosby but to also bar the prosecution from using any evidence gleaned from his civil trial. (The court’s decision might also prevent the Montgomery County District Attorney’s Office from using Cosby’s civil testimony to charge him for the alleged assault of his other accusers, although it’s far from clear that the decision would impact other prosecutors.)</p>
<figure class="e-image"><span class="e-image__inner"><span class="e-image__image" data-original="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692656/GettyImages_696696202t.jpg"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1625129609_711_157797" data-cdata='{"asset_id":22692656,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Q8Bxr6jXu6hMaZvy4yRQdsnexZc=/0x0:4516x3011/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:4516x3011):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692656/GettyImages_696696202t.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/RfgYQUwUv3ke30EglFbIQR_MOTw=/0x0:4516x3011/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:4516x3011):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692656/GettyImages_696696202t.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/2CCVebS9N-AqiQuPFPthV0oMxQg=/0x0:4516x3011/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:4516x3011):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692656/GettyImages_696696202t.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/VmB8rTSDUwg8WqX5TXbkItwZKvM=/0x0:4516x3011/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:4516x3011):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692656/GettyImages_696696202t.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/yBvBGooT6MndIvwuQ0s-vpNe1rA=/0x0:4516x3011/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:4516x3011):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692656/GettyImages_696696202t.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/lWy5XZlYDmUwx77crd6NJ55Obp8=/0x0:4516x3011/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:4516x3011):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692656/GettyImages_696696202t.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/-JQ3eMfRIDneWc4Z7-SQshabp00=/0x0:4516x3011/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:4516x3011):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692656/GettyImages_696696202t.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/XqzzWao2tUjtaxHGVmgMe3UomwE=/0x0:4516x3011/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:4516x3011):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692656/GettyImages_696696202t.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/JFq-zWBKak1urs0m4AbzsYsj_EA=/0x0:4516x3011/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:4516x3011):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692656/GettyImages_696696202t.jpg 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="" data-upload-width="4516" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/iuCmaYAn6DgNSIL0auIowlV6gw0=/0x0:4516x3011/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:4516x3011):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692656/GettyImages_696696202t.jpg" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/3Mvq6vp7PtY1RCj94i1bScVwKvk=/0x0:4516x3011/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:4516x3011):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692656/GettyImages_696696202t.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/lcvu3IKbq8ZBsLQff3h-hTcOzHk=/0x0:4516x3011/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:4516x3011):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692656/GettyImages_696696202t.jpg 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/npJO0B7PlTZEyIRMC3rXCgP6dMA=/0x0:4516x3011/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:4516x3011):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692656/GettyImages_696696202t.jpg 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/5bnFNzvaTodk7qTWzFycMQeTw8M=/0x0:4516x3011/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:4516x3011):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692656/GettyImages_696696202t.jpg 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/40Szv3G8LIyPmnBSZx9bbmuotzo=/0x0:4516x3011/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:4516x3011):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692656/GettyImages_696696202t.jpg 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/CIyvb-tk7ch10wTI1oTt3Wn30AM=/0x0:4516x3011/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:4516x3011):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692656/GettyImages_696696202t.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/MIYanYq62ggmgrq2G_clX5-EOlw=/0x0:4516x3011/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:4516x3011):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692656/GettyImages_696696202t.jpg 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Y8hVxVhMSTqli6ffOFPfmrZ0h0M=/0x0:4516x3011/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:4516x3011):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692656/GettyImages_696696202t.jpg 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/CeoxuKlmWSEW9O3dPvV8EbdqRUc=/0x0:4516x3011/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:4516x3011):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692656/GettyImages_696696202t.jpg 1920w" /></picture></span></span>
<figcaption><span class="e-image__meta">Bill Cosby walks with his publicist, Andrew Wyatt (right) at the Montgomery County Courthouse on June 16, 2017 in Norristown, Pennsylvania.</span></figcaption>
<span class="e-image__meta"><cite>Lucas Jackson-Pool/Getty Images</cite></span></figure>
<p>Given the unusual facts of this case, it’s hard to say who is correct in this dispute. No member of the court doubts that Cosby committed a serious crime, and his release is likely to retraumatize many of his victims. At the same time, it’s not at all clear that Ferman, Castor’s successor, would have agreed to reopen the investigation into Cosby had she not learned what was in his civil depositions.</p>
<p>If she would not have acted but for Cosby’s belief that his civil testimony could not be used against him, it is much more reasonable to argue that the entire criminal trial was the fruit of a poisoned tree.</p>
<p>Having done my best to explain why Bill Cosby is now a free man, I want to conclude with a few observations about Wecht’s majority opinion. I’ve probably read hundreds, if not thousands, of judicial opinions in my career, and purely as a matter of judicial craftmanship, Wecht’s is one of the worst.</p>
<p>Wecht’s opinion rambles for 79 pages. It includes long and unnecessary block quotes that take up several pages. It is duplicative, sometimes repeating unimportant facts three or four times, while it simultaneously places little emphasis on essential parts of the case.</p>
<p>Having now read all the opinions in the <em>Cosby</em> case, I’ve concluded that the majority is likely correct that Cosby’s conviction should be tossed out. The single most important fact in this case, in my opinion, is that prosecutors used Cosby’s civil testimony against him in a criminal proceeding, even after they induced him to testify as if he were immune to prosecution.</p>
<p>But that fact receives frightfully little attention in Wecht’s opinion. I will confess that I was not even aware of it until I read Dougherty’s partial dissent, which, unlike the majority opinion, <a href="https://www.pacourts.us/assets/opinions/Supreme/out/J-100-2020cdo%20-%20104821740139246932.pdf?cb=1">emphasizes this crucial fact in its first paragraph</a>.</p>
<p>The price of living under the rule of law is that the law must apply equally to everyone. If a conviction violates the Constitution, it must be tossed out. The fact that the law protects everyone, even loathsome men like Bill Cosby, is what guarantees each of us that the law will protect us should we ever need it.</p>
<p>But the rule of law also depends on individual citizens believing that judges are applying the law fairly. When a court issues an unpopular decision, especially in a case as fraught as this one, it needs to explain its reasoning clearly.</p>
<p>Wecht’s opinion, frankly, does not clear that low bar. He owed us a better opinion.</p>
<br />
<br />
source <a href="https://www.vox.com/22557691/bill-cosby-pennsylvania-released-commonwealth-david-wecht-andrea-constand-metoo-sexual-assault">https://www.vox.com/22557691/bill-cosby-pennsylvania-released-commonwealth-david-wecht-andrea-constand-metoo-sexual-assault</a>

vox The court decision freeing Bill Cosby, explained as best we can

Bill Cosby, the disgraced comedian who was convicted of sexual assault in 2018, is no longer in prison , due to a state supreme court decisi...

New York City released a new ranked-choice tally showing a close race

<p>New York City’s board of elections tried a do-over with its <a href="https://www.vox.com/22443775/ranked-choice-voting-explained-new-york-strategy">ranked-choice</a> voting tally Wednesday, reallocating ballots from <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/6/22/22544407/nyc-mayor-yang-adams-garcia-ranked-choice">last week’s mayoral race</a> for the second time. (Their first attempt ended in a debacle, as they <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/6/29/22556310/kathryn-garcia-new-york-ranked-choice-mayor">mistakenly included</a> about 135,000 “test” ballots in the count.)</p>
<p>The announcement of the <a href="https://web.enrboenyc.us/rcv/index.html">still incomplete tally</a> showed first-round leader Eric Adams remaining ahead, with Kathryn Garcia leaping into a close second place as other candidates like Maya Wiley and Andrew Yang were eliminated from the tally. (This is quite similar to the incorrect tally from yesterday, suggesting the “test” ballots didn’t end up changing all that much.)</p>
<p>It’s important to understand that these results are just placeholders. More than 100,000 absentee ballots remain uncounted, so no one has actually been “eliminated.” The tally is a simulation, showing what the ranked-choice voting reallocation would look like for only the votes that have been counted so far. But it’s all subject to change as the remaining votes are counted, which could take many more days.</p>
<p>Still, the preliminary tally gives us our first real glimpse into what reallocation could end up looking like, and the impact ranked-choice voting has had on the race. And there are two major takeaways.</p>
<p>The first-round preliminary tally on Wednesday showed Eric Adams with about 32 percent of the vote, compared to about 22 percent for Maya Wiley, 19 percent for Kathryn Garcia, 12 percent for Andrew Yang, and the rest for other candidates.</p>
<p>Then the magic of ranked-choice reallocation came into play, and there was a shuffle.</p>
<p>In a ranked-choice count, the lowest-ranking candidates are eliminated, one by one. Ballots for eliminated candidates are reallocated to whoever those voters ranked next (if anyone). Once all the candidates with single-digit support were eliminated, there were four remaining, and this is how the results looked:</p>
<figure class="e-image"><span class="e-image__inner"><span class="e-image__image" data-original="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692540/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.18.53_PM.png"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1625131648_7931_264395" data-cdata='{"asset_id":22692540,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Ji-trbPIcAL_DmWOnwEhai4uTdQ=/0x0:1060x324/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1060x324):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692540/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.18.53_PM.png 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/UMAitq5xPD70h5dM_VWa4Vocuds=/0x0:1060x324/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1060x324):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692540/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.18.53_PM.png 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/XJb8h8VhvuZT3bsVqKRcrykGlac=/0x0:1060x324/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1060x324):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692540/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.18.53_PM.png 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/i_-a2dOYrxfXsQxQ5tKzi1d22ms=/0x0:1060x324/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1060x324):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692540/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.18.53_PM.png 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/1PO4SpzWKwYaDF0LPEtdqo2s3K0=/0x0:1060x324/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:1060x324):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692540/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.18.53_PM.png 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/HAjPj0tBW6WJMNXoxd3PkEuQCQU=/0x0:1060x324/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1060x324):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692540/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.18.53_PM.png 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/TtzyymUI6xXOkVXTwChZqcQGKAM=/0x0:1060x324/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1060x324):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692540/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.18.53_PM.png 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/DU3AN9DLHczlCDoK4f2PV4HbtYg=/0x0:1060x324/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1060x324):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692540/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.18.53_PM.png 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Qi_hpzmIzqH0cS4GlbERALrxwsw=/0x0:1060x324/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1060x324):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692540/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.18.53_PM.png 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="Result showing Eric Adams with 35.5%, Maya Wiley with 26.8%, Kathryn Garcia with 23.8%, and Andrew Yang with 13.9%" data-upload-width="1060" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/74FvHiJlwW7WFADi4RsBDoetywA=/0x0:1060x324/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:1060x324):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692540/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.18.53_PM.png" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/uaxa8b2LaJU0zpRzWPdrNdGHNDc=/0x0:1060x324/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1060x324):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692540/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.18.53_PM.png 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/R6U0byBXVgs3Wr_tbrMK0HUhcGM=/0x0:1060x324/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1060x324):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692540/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.18.53_PM.png 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/sSSwaDBDBh6i1YEYd4F_4za-mqA=/0x0:1060x324/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1060x324):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692540/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.18.53_PM.png 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/YlHgsuKdy_rFa3tbZ9V0lIMNevk=/0x0:1060x324/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1060x324):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692540/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.18.53_PM.png 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/LqpTGuaArs9jGTJ9pLBDkTgmIpg=/0x0:1060x324/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:1060x324):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692540/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.18.53_PM.png 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/MS91tqOtI0werMZsGW6VbFqbbMQ=/0x0:1060x324/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1060x324):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692540/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.18.53_PM.png 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/WGSEaIFDNirkZ_XHfhIetnzJO6M=/0x0:1060x324/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1060x324):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692540/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.18.53_PM.png 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/eieoWhu7vFj6kq9xLJyKvONxV7g=/0x0:1060x324/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1060x324):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692540/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.18.53_PM.png 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/JziU7g-aUQxj6ZH2bNrL7nMCVN0=/0x0:1060x324/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1060x324):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692540/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.18.53_PM.png 1920w" /></picture></span></span> <span class="e-image__meta"><cite><a class="ql-link" href="https://web.enrboenyc.us/rcv/024306_7.html" target="_blank">NYC Board of Elections</a></cite></span></figure>
<p>Andrew Yang is in fourth place there, so he was eliminated next. And once he was, and his voters were reallocated, Garcia very narrowly passed Wiley to get into second place. (Yang and Garcia campaigned together on the final weekend of the race.)</p>
<figure class="e-image"><span class="e-image__inner"><span class="e-image__image" data-original="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692542/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.20.24_PM.png"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1625131648_8904_264396" data-cdata='{"asset_id":22692542,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/kza7yaa4lJc99Ak7mLDsiLk6wW8=/0x0:1050x262/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1050x262):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692542/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.20.24_PM.png 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/gaLKF3aOwSl23nyxebwcZ19XcVQ=/0x0:1050x262/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1050x262):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692542/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.20.24_PM.png 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/CzJkMHdxzLdGRKRXo4vBFadlv0w=/0x0:1050x262/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1050x262):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692542/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.20.24_PM.png 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/OjvUpp-YQjkKKw467pSjkmoxSfc=/0x0:1050x262/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1050x262):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692542/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.20.24_PM.png 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/7VwDNtNJtxcclE4Ad6jdvEB1VrQ=/0x0:1050x262/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:1050x262):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692542/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.20.24_PM.png 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/joWTcsUekgft6-nXxFxlUq8UJj4=/0x0:1050x262/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1050x262):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692542/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.20.24_PM.png 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/91pUPX5cxtzKsRUtnuoU0N9Moq4=/0x0:1050x262/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1050x262):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692542/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.20.24_PM.png 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/mYq-A8uI13soYkp9VMxA3fQ00MA=/0x0:1050x262/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1050x262):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692542/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.20.24_PM.png 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/YLStVGCA3uYvridblvj44LhgmaY=/0x0:1050x262/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1050x262):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692542/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.20.24_PM.png 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="Result showing Eric Adams with 40.8%, Kathryn Garcia with 29.6%, and Maya Wiley with 29.5%" data-upload-width="1050" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/boabNqwDOa_OQuohgJPwQGvJT6o=/0x0:1050x262/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:1050x262):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692542/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.20.24_PM.png" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/5x7FXY-ISYXs6ZpXbgbxfNVQiv0=/0x0:1050x262/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1050x262):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692542/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.20.24_PM.png 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/e-p6Yij_EuCoZtt_w5r9KsTsHjc=/0x0:1050x262/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1050x262):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692542/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.20.24_PM.png 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/nRB9ja-HEuo-lgFCdrhWu4-LvP4=/0x0:1050x262/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1050x262):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692542/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.20.24_PM.png 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/rXWu5GIroTZ3Wuo6h-oDSijNs9Q=/0x0:1050x262/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1050x262):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692542/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.20.24_PM.png 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/CSw2F3p3ZAl2eXFwnRn1eOoXI0s=/0x0:1050x262/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:1050x262):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692542/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.20.24_PM.png 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/L0v5Ez22dDsdRn91qbAsGqLxXNU=/0x0:1050x262/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1050x262):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692542/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.20.24_PM.png 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/xuK1aW8F4E_Y6CNdmaclVJJ5FvM=/0x0:1050x262/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1050x262):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692542/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.20.24_PM.png 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/d-W-j8E-hIdhrg_pRkiIboiKldg=/0x0:1050x262/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1050x262):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692542/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.20.24_PM.png 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/219a0Y_G-ufI4Tq9NxHZ3oVxzX0=/0x0:1050x262/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1050x262):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692542/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.20.24_PM.png 1920w" /></picture></span></span> <span class="e-image__meta"><cite><a class="ql-link" href="https://web.enrboenyc.us/rcv/024306_7.html" target="_blank">NYC Board of Elections</a></cite></span></figure>
<p>This reallocation of Yang’s voters is crucial, because now it’s Wiley who is in third place out of three candidates, by just a few hundred votes. So with the votes NYC has counted so far, Wiley gets eliminated. (Keep in mind, though, that this could change when absentee ballots come in, and Wiley could end up in second after all.)</p>
<p>Then, with Wiley out, the reallocation gets really interesting:</p>
<figure class="e-image"><span class="e-image__inner"><span class="e-image__image" data-original="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692543/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.22.05_PM.png"><picture class="c-picture" data-cid="site/picture_element-1625131648_7110_264397" data-cdata='{"asset_id":22692543,"ratio":"*"}'><source srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/xD4Pi-Sy9uXTLnlwMjbqDeJuQvY=/0x0:1050x244/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1050x244):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692543/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.22.05_PM.png 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/L1zxwkzABjnYMNWJiLild41JOOQ=/0x0:1050x244/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1050x244):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692543/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.22.05_PM.png 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/--ur4PLWho6dadu1DnDsMMs7IwA=/0x0:1050x244/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1050x244):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692543/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.22.05_PM.png 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/1Q1bKL-m5jT9pGDCA3ZLTFRX5kE=/0x0:1050x244/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1050x244):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692543/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.22.05_PM.png 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/wOZIqM20GHwbJcA077OFd5PbrfU=/0x0:1050x244/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:1050x244):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692543/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.22.05_PM.png 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/uLOnbA4oRfUJk0PjcKpZTqlS09I=/0x0:1050x244/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1050x244):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692543/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.22.05_PM.png 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/CIrgtb3nObkmSfA131PzEYb7Ojo=/0x0:1050x244/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1050x244):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692543/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.22.05_PM.png 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/tZEZ61O7JbJHHs5MOM6BlWJekCw=/0x0:1050x244/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1050x244):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692543/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.22.05_PM.png 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/YMJkNYWoobq1kUk8NxW-VSTSzpU=/0x0:1050x244/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1050x244):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692543/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.22.05_PM.png 1920w" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" type="image/webp" /> <img alt="Results showing Eric Adams with 51.1% and Kathryn Garcia with 48.9%" data-upload-width="1050" sizes="(min-width: 1221px) 846px, (min-width: 880px) calc(100vw - 334px), 100vw" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/uFTgr4KM6HODY_Slyq3lHJIxzTg=/0x0:1050x244/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:1050x244):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692543/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.22.05_PM.png" srcset="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/J6wtfPBmpLexdnKyQy9EfhVkis4=/0x0:1050x244/320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1050x244):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692543/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.22.05_PM.png 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ORMIL9w3c2F5mW_HgG5n5su11hM=/0x0:1050x244/520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1050x244):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692543/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.22.05_PM.png 520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/6UfrubXZadHcE-qcoMoArikfejM=/0x0:1050x244/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1050x244):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692543/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.22.05_PM.png 720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Lv3Clwj88Wo0erWNBbHKgxSQwDI=/0x0:1050x244/920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1050x244):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692543/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.22.05_PM.png 920w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/uDBkTIUhxg-FdWSUt3T4CgdW9mg=/0x0:1050x244/1120x0/filters:focal(0x0:1050x244):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692543/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.22.05_PM.png 1120w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Jpp63kCUNfgPuYa7NJc9O2wCBRw=/0x0:1050x244/1320x0/filters:focal(0x0:1050x244):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692543/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.22.05_PM.png 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/o7tHrZ2FTs81njn4hGUzdOziC7A=/0x0:1050x244/1520x0/filters:focal(0x0:1050x244):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692543/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.22.05_PM.png 1520w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/c2Tmp013Y8gL4sXnvSdNwn-E_eQ=/0x0:1050x244/1720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1050x244):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692543/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.22.05_PM.png 1720w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/CtuylZrEKildwuZmuaJXo4o2C0I=/0x0:1050x244/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:1050x244):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692543/Screen_Shot_2021_06_30_at_6.22.05_PM.png 1920w" /></picture></span></span> <span class="e-image__meta"><cite><a class="ql-link" href="https://web.enrboenyc.us/rcv/024306_9.html" target="_blank">NYC Board of Elections</a></cite></span></figure>
<p>Many more of Wiley’s voters ranked Garcia as their next backup choice than Adams. So her votes propelled Garcia from 11 points behind Adams to just over 2 points behind.</p>
<p>This was not enough for Garcia to actually pass Adams. But again, this is just a preliminary count, and depending on how the absentee ballots break, it’s entirely plausible that she could do so. But Adams could also still win.</p>
<p>Ranked-choice voting’s supporters often say it produces a consensus winner: someone who has support, of some kind, from more voters than would be the case in a plurality winner system. But critics of ranked-choice voting often argue that it falls short of producing a winner backed by the majority of voters because of a phenomenon known as ballot exhaustion.</p>
<p>A ballot gets exhausted when all of the voter’s ranked candidates get eliminated. Some voters don’t even use all their ranking slots (in New York City, there were five), listing no backup candidates at all. Others use their slots entirely on candidates that end up eliminated.</p>
<p>So far, 819,614 New Yorkers cast a ballot in the Democratic mayoral primary. But in the final round of this preliminary count, 117,327 ballots were exhausted — 14.3 percent of the total.</p>
<p>Because of those exhausted ballots, another way to understand the final result in this tally would be:</p>
<ul>
<li>43.7% Adams</li>
<li>41.9% Garcia</li>
<li>14.3% neither</li>
</ul>
<p>And it does not seem that the eventual winner in this primary (whether it be Adams, Garcia, or Wiley) will actually be ranked on a majority of voters’ ballots.</p>
<p>Ranked-choice supporters would argue that this is still superior to a plurality winner system, where the first-round tally would have been the end of things, and voters would not have gotten the option to list “backup” choices.</p>
<p>But before ranked-choice voting, New York City had a runoff — if no candidate topped 40 percent, the top two vote-getters would have headed to a runoff.</p>
<p>The case against runoffs is that turnout tends to drop for them, but the case for them is that they concentrate the mind by giving voters a binary choice rather than a crowded and confusing field.</p>
<p>And it’s certainly debatable, at least, whether the new system is better at channeling “the will of the voters” than a runoff where Adams and Garcia (or Adams and Wiley) would have gotten to make their cases against each other.</p>
<br />
<br />
source <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/6/30/22558211/kathryn-garcia-ranked-choice-nyc-board">https://www.vox.com/2021/6/30/22558211/kathryn-garcia-ranked-choice-nyc-board</a>

vox New York City released a new ranked-choice tally showing a close race

New York City’s board of elections tried a do-over with its ranked-choice voting tally Wednesday, reallocating ballots from last week’s may...

How to redesign cities to withstand heat waves

<div><img class="ff-og-image-inserted" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/iJRGvkSjM2lrBIoKgsNZxwEv5aI=/0x197:2000x1244/fit-in/1200x630/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22692321/GettyImages_1233674492.jpg" /></div>
<p>As a record-breaking heat wave settled over the Pacific Northwest in June, a climate researcher named <a href="https://www.pdx.edu/profile/vivek-shandas">Vivek Shandas</a> took a drive with his 11-year-old son and began to collect data. Using a handy infrared attachment for his smartphone, he measured temperatures across Portland as they hit unprecedented triple digits. He was amazed to find that temperatures varied by up to 40 degrees Fahrenheit from the exterior of one building to another.</p>
<p>Shandas, a professor at Portland State University, studies the wild variations in heat that you can find within a single city block. He leads the Urban Resilience to Extremes Sustainability Research Network (UREx SRN), a project funded by the National Science Foundation, and works with the US Forest Service to study how trees can mitigate heat. He’s acutely aware that the ways we build can worsen extreme heat, and he looks for interventions that help cities survive heat waves as <a href="https://www.vox.com/22538401/heat-wave-record-temperature-extreme-climate-change-drought">climate change makes them more common and extreme</a>.</p>
<p>The past seven years have been the <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/2020-tied-for-warmest-year-on-record-nasa-analysis-shows">hottest</a> ever recorded, and temperatures will continue to skyrocket without far-reaching government actions to curb greenhouse gasses. While countries are still falling short on slashing pollution, they’re already forced to help communities adapt to the rapidly altering climate. Heat is a particularly deadly stressor, and far worse in metro areas that have <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/06/30/opinion/environmental-inequity-trees-critical-infrastructure.html">more concrete than greenery</a> — which, in the US, often occurs in historically marginalized brown, Black, and Indigenous communities.</p>
<p>Shandas spoke to Vox about small but meaningful changes in how we build cities, from planting trees to creating ivy walls to painting buildings white. A transcript of our conversation, lightly edited for length and clarity, follows.</p>
<h4>Rebecca Leber</h4>
<p>Are you seeing any misconceptions about this heat wave?</p>
<h4>Vivek Shandas</h4>
<p>We don’t really have a good way of describing the distribution of heat, street by street and down to the individual households, so that we can really start understanding the disproportionate effects. Historically, we just have one measurement of air temperature, often taken at an airport, that can really obscure the complexity of how heat is distributed across a region. We get this one monolithic number for a city when there’s about a 15- to 20-degree variation. In this heat wave, the high was registered officially as 115°F, but we were seeing places as high as 124°F in some neighborhoods of Portland.</p>
<p>The media has focused on this monolithic “heat island” concept, where the city is a different temperature than its surrounding areas. But changing the mindset from one temperature to hundreds of temperatures in a metro region is profound. It will mean we have some agency over how our regions grow and change.</p>
<p>If we’re thinking about how each street is a different temperature because of features that it has — building materials, color, trees, configuration of the buildings, orientation — that’s a profound insight in terms of getting better data and better evidence about distribution of heat. We ask the question: Why do we see one neighborhood that’s so much hotter than another neighborhood? In this case, a heat dome in the Pacific Northwest is mediated by the built environment. I don’t frankly see a lot of municipalities asking that question.</p>
<h4>Rebecca Leber</h4>
<p>How are you working to get better data at the granular level?</p>
<h4>Vivek Shandas</h4>
<p>There’s three ways to get data for heat.</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Satellites:</strong> The sun sends down lots of energy-packed little waves that are called shortwave radiation that basically hits surfaces that absorb it, reflect it, or turn it into sugars like with trees and plants. Over time, they move that heat back out into the environment through long-wave radiation, so that’s something the sensors and the satellites can pick up. You can see these discreet differences between a parking lot and a lawn. If you’re walking, what you’re feeling on your skin is that mix of what the parking lot is emitting and what the lawn is emitting.</li>
<li><strong>Stationary sensors:</strong> That’s why we need stationary sensors. Often, what I hear is there’s not enough resources to set up stationary sensors all over a metro region because it is cost-prohibitive, and maintenance is hard. The city, or more likely the state, will have stations set up in various places around a metro region — although there are often less than a dozen in most places with a population of 200,000, so there’s not a lot of granularity in terms of data.</li>
<li><strong>Mobile data:</strong> It’s hard to make maps of street-level temperature, so we’ve started going out and collecting mobile “transects” in the morning, afternoon, and evening, and that’s giving us about 100,000 to 200,000 measurements over one hot day. With that, we can really start seeing what the individual street variation is.</li>
</ul>
<h4>Rebecca Leber</h4>
<p>Planting trees to cool down cities and clean the air is a popular idea. Can the solution be that simple?</p>
<h4>Vivek Shandas</h4>
<p>I wish it were. It is an important part of the solution. We found that places that have more greenery are 15 degrees, even 20 degrees, cooler than areas that don’t have trees. Trees shade, they transpire water which also cools the surrounding environment, and they’re places of convening and collective connection during really hot days.</p>
<p>Just keep in mind that getting a tree into the ground is not necessarily the easiest thing to do, because it’s competing against utility lines, it’s competing against overhead power lines, it’s competing against driveways, parking, and sidewalks. Getting a tree into a place is often a very challenging proposition, especially in a highly urbanized environment. Trees are an essential part of the cooling formula, if you will, though they’re not the only one.</p>
<h4>Rebecca Leber</h4>
<p>How helpful are other interventions, like painting rooftops white to reflect heat or planting green walls and roofs?</p>
<h4>Vivek Shandas</h4>
<p>There’s a whole field of engineering that’s looking at highly reflective surfaces and how we engineer these so that they can really bounce back all of that heat to keep the area cool. There’s a lot of social implications of that, like whether people want that aesthetically and where, exactly, to apply this white surface — those are social and political questions.</p>
<p>We’ve often thought about green walls, or ivy on walls. I actually just went around Portland and took a bunch of pictures with my little infrared camera. The surface temperature of an ivy-colored wall in an industrial area was about 119°F. Right next to it was a non-ivy-colored wall, which was about 157°F — about a 40-degree difference in temperature that I could record with my camera.</p>
<p>That, to me, tells a story about the very few built-in features that buildings have to temper the heat. Not all streets and buildings are made the same, so we really want to find what solutions work well in specific roads, specific buildings, and specific neighborhoods. We’re continuing to redesign, build, and change our cities, yet with very little attention to heat.</p>
<p>That’s been my lifelong pursuit: How do we get developers, building codes, planners, landscape architects, and architects thinking about the ways in which heat is going to make this a harder place to live, even before we break ground on a building? Often what we’re seeing builders do now is throw AC at it.</p>
<h4>Rebecca Leber</h4>
<p>How can we build to withstand heat, then? Should there be some kind of requirement for builders?</p>
<h4>Vivek Shandas</h4>
<p>There’s no place that has a formal regulatory code requiring it. A few municipalities, like Portland and Chicago, have created codes for green roofs for buildings, mainly to address energy and stormwater.</p>
<p>Green roofs have benefits for tempering heat, because you have a layer of vegetation on a roof, which absorbs the heat, and — particularly if the vegetation is watered — it can really be a cooling effect. But often these are very high off the ground, so we haven’t found empirical evidence that green roofs are cooling that neighborhood. It’s much too high and much too detached from the everyday experience of a person walking on the road.</p>
<p>Chicago, Portland, and Boston created a kind of a voluntary checklist for developers to use as they’re designing buildings. Until some bigger movement happens at the federal level, I don’t think cities are necessarily going to be moving on this voluntarily, because there’s too much pushback from developers.</p>
<h4>Rebecca Leber</h4>
<p>You’re right in the middle of this heat wave. How have you been riding it out?</p>
<h4>Vivek Shandas</h4>
<p>I never imagined that we would ever experience anything like this in the Pacific Northwest, at least for the next 10, 20 years. For it to arrive right now is a real surprise and shock.</p>
<p>I have an 11-year-old, and we’ve gone out during this heat wave and took photos with my infrared camera. We saw a group of houseless people right along a part of a busy street. I just took a picture of the tents that they were residing in, and those tents were coming in at 135 degrees. I was just absolutely floored. Your body has a very narrow range of tolerance for heat, and if you’re getting above 98 or 99°F, you run into some pretty serious thermo-regulatory concerns.</p>
<h4>Rebecca Leber</h4>
<p>How does it feel, on a personal level, to experience the effects of climate change on heat, the exact area you study?</p>
<h4>Vivek Shandas</h4>
<p>I have to go back to my 11-year-old. He asked me, “This is climate change, this is pollution, right, Papa?” And I said, “Yeah, very much.”</p>
<p>We’re going to see the climate change attribution studies that come afterwards, but it’s a very high probability that this is a 1-in-1,000-year event, in terms of the probability of such high temperatures in the Pacific Northwest.</p>
<p>My concern is, what is the best way to deal with anxiety and concern over future impacts? It’s to really think, what solutions, actions, and agency do we have to mitigate some of this, and to be sure we’re staying safe?</p>
<p>Part of the reason my son and I are going out and collecting these photos is to really start planting the seed that these are decisions we’re making, for buildings that are going to be here for 50, 70, or 100 years from now. Are we taking changes in our climate system into account when we are going about constructing and designing? That’s part of this exercise — just to see the idea that there are actions we can take.</p>
<p>Let’s get to some serious conversations about what those actions are, and what they might cost in terms of infrastructure, lives saved, productivity, and for learning in hot weather. Those are the kinds of seeds that we’re trying to plant with this work, and I need to do that for my own peace of mind and my ability to sleep at night.</p>
<br />
<br />
source <a href="https://www.vox.com/22557563/how-to-redesign-cities-for-heat-waves-climate-change">https://www.vox.com/22557563/how-to-redesign-cities-for-heat-waves-climate-change</a>

vox How to redesign cities to withstand heat waves

As a record-breaking heat wave settled over the Pacific Northwest in June, a climate researcher named Vivek Shandas took a drive with his ...