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A no-beef diet is great — but only if you don’t replace it with chicken

Most people have heard it by now: <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/22287498/meat-wildlife-biodiversity-species-plantbased">Our meat habit is bad for the world</a>. Polling <a href="https://news.gallup.com/poll/282779/nearly-one-four-cut-back-eating-meat.aspx">suggests that tens of millions of people are taking this message seriously</a>: One in four Americans said they tried to cut back on meat in the last year, and half of those cited environmental concerns as a major reason. The popular food site Epicurious <a href="http://epicurious.com/expert-advice/why-epicurious-left-beef-behind-article">recently announced</a> they’ve stopped publishing recipes with beef in them, because of beef’s climate impacts, setting off the latest round of discussion on <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/20/style/what-is-climatarian.html">meat’s effects on the environment</a>.
Cutting meat consumption is as smart an idea as advertised. Industrial farming — the source of 99 percent of the meat Americans eat — provides the world with cheap meat, but it does so at a terrible environmental and moral cost.
Where it gets complicated is when people decide which meat, exactly, they’ll be cutting back on. Often, it’s beef that loses out in that calculus. And often, the messaging is that we can save the world by <a href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/eating-chicken-instead-beef-will-drastically-reduce-your-carbon-footprint-180972392/">switching out our beef consumption for chicken</a>.
The problem with this message is that switching beef for chicken basically amounts to trading one moral catastrophe for another.
The environmental reasons for cutting beef from one’s diet are clear. Most of the climate impact of animal agriculture comes from raising cows for beef. Cows produce methane, a greenhouse gas that is a major contributor to global warming; it’s much more potent than carbon dioxide. Transitioning away from eating beef to eating other factory-farmed animal products undoubtedly reduces the carbon impact of a person’s diet.
But the transition away from beef can end up being a Pyrrhic victory if it drives up the <a href="https://www.agriculture.com/news/business/poultry-to-account-for-half-of-world-increase-in-meat-consumption">world’s rapidly rising chicken consumption</a>. That ends up swapping one disaster — the climate crisis and beef farming’s role in it — for another: the moral disaster of industrial chicken production.
To put it simply, it takes many, many more chicken lives than cow lives to feed people. Cows are big, so raising one produces about <a href="https://extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/PB1822.pdf">500 pounds of beef</a> — and at the <a href="https://www.nationalchickencouncil.org/about-the-industry/statistics/per-capita-consumption-of-poultry-and-livestock-1965-to-estimated-2012-in-pounds/">rate at which the average American eats beef</a>, it takes about 8.5 years for one person to eat one cow. But chickens are much smaller, producing only a <a href="https://www.thekitchn.com/the-best-budget-cut-of-chicken-243355">few pounds</a> of meat <a href="https://www.nationalchickencouncil.org/about-the-industry/statistics/u-s-broiler-performance/">per bird</a>, with the average American eating about <a href="https://www.nationalchickencouncil.org/about-the-industry/statistics/per-capita-consumption-of-poultry-and-livestock-1965-to-estimated-2012-in-pounds/">one whole chicken every two weeks</a>. To put it another way, each year we eat about <a href="https://countinganimals.com/how-many-animals-does-a-vegetarian-save/">23 chickens and just over one-tenth of one cow (and about a third of one pig)</a>.
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<figcaption>Because chickens are so much smaller than pigs and cows, more chickens suffer for the food we eat.</figcaption>
</figure>
The choice to swap beef for chicken is further compounded by the differences in their quality of life. Cows are raised for slaughter on pastures and feedlots — enclosed spaces where they’re fed grain in preparation for slaughter. Most animal well-being experts say that the life of a cow raised for beef is punctuated by traumatic events and cut needlessly short, but it’s not ceaseless torture.
On the other hand, factory-farmed chickens — and that’s <a href="https://www.sentienceinstitute.org/us-factory-farming-estimates">99 percent of all chickens we eat</a> — have an <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/21437054/chickens-factory-farming-animal-cruelty-welfare">awful life</a> from the moment they’re born to the moment they’re slaughtered. The most efficient way to raise chickens is in massive, ammonia-choked, noisy warehouses, where the birds grow so rapidly (due to genetic selection for excessive size) that their legs can’t support their weight. They live about six weeks and then are killed.
So switching from cows to chickens is a way to somewhat reduce carbon emissions — but it comes with a massive increase in animal suffering.
Choosing between the two is a knotty dilemma that tends not to be discussed often. But this tension isn’t inevitable. After all, climate advocates and animal advocates are on the same side: supporting a transition away from industrial agriculture. And most people care about both animals and the environment, so addressing factory farming is a simple win-win.
The solution to factory farming’s many harms can’t be shuffling consumers between chicken and beef depending which of their devastating impacts is on the top of our minds. And consumers shouldn’t accept as inevitable the choice between torturing animals and dramatically worsening global warming. There is a path to a food system that doesn’t force us to choose, but we’re going to need to take much bigger steps, in terms of policy and consumer choice, to get there.
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There’s no way around it: Raising beef really is bad for the world.
About <a href="http://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/197623/icode/">15 percent of all global greenhouse gas emissions come from livestock</a>. Beef is the biggest culprit, accounting for about 65 percent of all greenhouse gas emissions from livestock. Cattle produce methane, and they also require lots of carbon-intensive land conversion and carbon-intensive feed. They’re <a href="https://www.wri.org/blog/2019/04/6-pressing-questions-about-beef-and-climate-change-answered">about 20 times more resource-costly</a> per calorie than veggies, and about three times more resource-costly per calorie than fish or chicken.
Beef’s defenders have argued that it doesn’t have to be that way. Proposals from <a href="https://www.ucdavis.edu/news/feeding-cattle-seaweed-reduces-their-greenhouse-gas-emissions-82-percent#:~:text=A%20bit%20of%20seaweed%20in,the%20University%20of%20California%2C%20Davis.&text=%E2%80%9CThis%20could%20help%20farmers%20sustainably,the%20world%2C%E2%80%9D%20Roque%20added.">feeding cattle seaweed</a> in order to reduce their methane emissions to “<a href="https://regenerationinternational.org/why-regenerative-agriculture/">regenerative farming</a>” that can improve soil and land have been aired, and some have been implemented on a small scale.
But American consumers shouldn’t kid themselves: If you purchase beef from a grocery store shelf or in a restaurant in America, unless you go very far out of your way to trace, source, and verify the sustainable history of that meat, you’re getting the product of a carbon-intensive industrial process.
Epicurious nodded to this reality in its <a href="https://www.epicurious.com/expert-advice/why-epicurious-left-beef-behind-article">announcement</a> that it would stop publishing beef recipes: “We know that some people might assume that this decision signals some sort of vendetta against cows — or the people who eat them. But this decision was not made because we hate hamburgers (we don’t!). Instead, our shift is solely about sustainability, about not giving airtime to one of the world’s worst climate offenders. We think of this decision as not anti-beef but rather pro-planet.”
A May 20 article in the New York Times about the <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/20/style/what-is-climatarian.html">rise of “climatarians”</a> underscored the emerging primacy of climate in people’s dietary choices, noting that climate-conscious eaters have moved in a meatless direction, but that many still believe that “chicken or lamb are much better choices than beef.”
It’s entirely understandable that some consumers have decided it’s time to move away from beef. And yes, individual consumer decisions do matter: Researchers <a href="https://reducing-suffering.org/comments-on-compassion-by-the-pound/#Elasticities">have studied what’s called the elasticity of supply for meat</a> — that is, how much consumer demand affects production — and determined that when consumers demand fewer hamburgers, fewer cows are raised.
But whether that’s, on the whole, a good thing depends a lot on what you choose instead.
It’s no fun to be a cow on a factory farm. But animal welfare experts agree: Being a chicken is much worse.
That’s because of the commercial incentives behind both cow and chicken production. Ranchers have found it most efficient to raise cows outdoors on pasture and then fatten them for slaughter on feedlots. There’s a lot wrong with how we raise them — cows are painfully dehorned, mass distribution of antibiotics keeps them healthy at the expense of breeding antibiotic resistance, and while there’s a federal law that requires pigs and cattle to be rendered unconscious prior to slaughter, <a href="https://www.vox.com/2015/9/3/9257181/usda-humane-slaughter-meat">it’s not always followed and only minimally enforced</a>.
But chickens have it much worse. The cheapest way to raise chickens is in massive, crowded indoor warehouses where they never see the sun. Over time, companies have <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/21437054/chickens-factory-farming-animal-cruelty-welfare">bred chickens to grow so fast</a> their joints fail as they reach full size. <a href="https://globalanimalpartnership.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Better_Chicken_Project_Summary_Report_Global_Animal_Partnership.pdf">Observational studies</a> suggest they spend much of their time sitting still, in too much pain to move.
“In most cases, they suffer far more than beef cattle, who have more legal protections, suffer fewer health problems, and are generally less intensively confined,” Leah Garces, the president of Mercy for Animals, <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2019/12/4/20993654/chicken-beef-climate-environment-factory-farms">has argued</a>.
And while a cow suffers and is slaughtered to produce around <a href="https://beef.unl.edu/beefwatch/2020/how-many-pounds-meat-can-we-expect-beef-animal">500 pounds of meat</a>, a chicken produces about four to five pounds of meat. So a switch from beef to chicken is actually a switch from a tough life for one cow to an awful life for around 100 chickens.
That’s why many advocates calling for an end to industrial farming have mixed feelings about the movement against beef. Is it right to try to save some carbon emissions by causing even more animal suffering?
And chicken is no panacea for the climate either. “Its impact on the climate only looks benign when compared with beef’s,” Garces <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2019/12/4/20993654/chicken-beef-climate-environment-factory-farms">points out</a>. “Greenhouse gas emissions per serving of poultry are <a href="http://css.umich.edu/sites/default/files/Carbon_Footprint_Factsheet_CSS09-05_e2018_0.pdf">11 times</a> higher than those for one serving of beans, so swapping beef with chicken is akin to swapping a Hummer with a Ford F-150, not a Prius.”
Another frequently proposed option is switching to fish. But <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/22301931/fish-animal-welfare-plant-based">aquaculture, too, causes intense animal suffering</a> and massive ecological consequences. There simply aren’t humane, sustainable, widely available, and cheap meats.
Consumers who are reconsidering their meat consumption — for the sake of animals, the planet, or both — are doing a courageous thing, and the point of observing the added complications of this choice isn’t to discourage them. Fixing our broken food system is going to require substantial policy and corporate changes, as well as consumers making better choices. The beef versus chicken conversation is part of how we get there.
But what the dilemma lays bare is that there’s no meat consumption that will save the world. Meat is one of the most popular foods, and yet building a better world is going to require inducing consumers to switch away from it — and not just switch between different categories of meat as they weigh the different environmental and moral catastrophes it causes.
That’s why some animal advocates in the last few years have switched from convincing consumers to go vegan — which can be too big of a leap for many — to <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/22385612/plant-based-meat-milk-alternative-protein">advocating for plant-based meat products</a>. These plant-based products are already difficult to distinguish from the originals, while having a lighter carbon footprint and no impact on animals. If you avoid beef by switching to plant-based meat products, you really are improving the world and improving conditions for the humans and animals that live on it.
But despite all these complications, when prominent food sites take beef out of their lineup or when Americans tell pollsters they’re trying to cut back on beef, it’s cause for optimism — even though in the short term, depending what they replace it with, it could make things worse. Our food system delivers meat cheaply at an awful price. Starting more conversations about that price and how we can mitigate it is a good thing, even if it’s a conversation a long way from a satisfying resolution.
 
 
source <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/22430749/beef-chicken-climate-diet-vegetarian">https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/22430749/beef-chicken-climate-diet-vegetarian</a>

vox A no-beef diet is great — but only if you don’t replace it with chicken

Most people have heard it by now: Our meat habit is bad for the world . Polling suggests that tens of millions of people are taking this mes...

6-Year-Old, Going To School In Car, Dies In Los Angeles Road-Rage Shooting

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Police shut down the busy 55 Freeway for hours while they investigated (Representational)
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Los Angeles:
A six-year-old boy in Los Angeles was killed in a "road rage" incident as he was being driven to school, US media reported, the latest of a growing number of young victims of gun violence in the United States.
The incident Friday appeared in some ways typical of the way a moment of anger, coupled with pervasive gun ownership, can take a high collateral toll.
It began, according to media reports, when a woman was driving on the 55 Freeway with her young son, identified as Aiden Leos, in the back.
In what police said was a case of road rage -- after one car apparently cut off another -- someone suddenly fired a single shot from behind, striking the rear of the Leos car and piercing Aiden's back, news media reported.
"Mommy, my tummy hurts!" Aiden reportedly cried, as his panicked mother quickly pulled over.
An off-duty policeman stopped and performed CPR and an ambulance then rushed Aiden to a hospital, but he was pronounced dead.
California state patrolman Florentino Olivera told the Los Angeles Times it was "an isolated road-rage incident."
Police shut down the busy 55 Freeway for hours while they investigated. They said they are looking for a white sedan with a male and female occupant.
In an equally senseless incident in Washington this week, a family group was standing on a sidewalk chatting when a man on an electric scooter sped through, according to Washington police chief Robert Contee.
When the woman shouted at the man to slow down, witnesses said, he stopped, pulled on a black mask and opened fire, critically wounding both the woman and her five-year-old son.
Police are seeking a 26-year-old homeless man, Contee said.
Gun violence surged across the United States last year -- both mass shootings and the less-publicized incidents often involving family members or acquaintances.
Gun sales jumped at the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic as stress levels rose and the presidential election loomed. Overall, 2020 was one of the most violent years in the United States in decades.
So far this year, 119 children aged 11 and under have died in gun violence, according to the Gun Violence Archive website.
It put the toll for all of 2020 at 299.
(Except for the headline, this story has not been edited by NDTV staff and is published from a syndicated feed.)
 
 
source <a href="https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/los-angeles-6-year-old-going-to-school-in-car-dies-in-us-road-rage-shooting-2447466">https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/los-angeles-6-year-old-going-to-school-in-car-dies-in-us-road-rage-shooting-2447466</a>

news world 6-Year-Old, Going To School In Car, Dies In Los Angeles Road-Rage Shooting

Police shut down the busy 55 Freeway for hours while they investigated (Representational) Los Angeles: A six-year-old boy in Los Angele...

Germany's Angela Merkel Warns Against Anti-Semitism Ahead Of Gaza Protests

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Angela Merkel noted that Germany's constitution "guarantees the right to freedom of expression"
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Berlin:
German Chancellor Angela Merkel on Saturday warned against any show of anti-Semitic or racist behaviour ahead of expected weekend pro-Palestinian rallies in the wake of days of fighting in the Middle East.
Several German cities saw pro-Palestinian demonstrations during the deadly 11-day conflict between Israel and Hamas, the Islamist movement which controls the Gaza Strip, prompting Merkel to issue a call for calm.
"Those who bear hatred towards Jews in the street, those who incite racial hatred put themselves outside our Basic Law," Merkel declared in her weekly podcast.
"Such acts must be punished severely," she insisted.
German police made some 60 arrests last Saturday while some 100 officers were hurt as a pro-Palestinian rally in Berlin turned violent.
Some participants at marches in towns across Germany shouted anti-Semitic slogans, which Merkel blasted as "unacceptable". Others burned Israeli flags and in one case stoned the entrance to a synagogue.
Merkel noted that Germany's constitution "guarantees the right to freedom of expression and peaceful assembly. But it offers no place for attacks on people of a different confession, no place for violence, racism or denigration" of others and their beliefs.
(Except for the headline, this story has not been edited by NDTV staff and is published from a syndicated feed.)
 
 
source <a href="https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/germanys-angela-merkel-warns-against-anti-semitism-racism-ahead-of-gaza-protests-2447461">https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/germanys-angela-merkel-warns-against-anti-semitism-racism-ahead-of-gaza-protests-2447461</a>

news world Germany's Angela Merkel Warns Against Anti-Semitism Ahead Of Gaza Protests

Angela Merkel noted that Germany's constitution "guarantees the right to freedom of expression" Berlin: German Chancellor...

Elon Musk Says He Supports Cryptocurrencies In Battle With Fiat Money

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<div class="ins_instory_dv_cont"><img alt="Elon Musk Says He Supports Cryptocurrencies In Battle With Fiat Money" src="https://c.ndtvimg.com/2021-05/37930geg_elon-musk_625x300_21_May_21.jpg" title="Elon Musk Says He Supports Cryptocurrencies In Battle With Fiat Money" /></div>
Two days ago, Elon Musk assured that he has not sold any of his dogecoin holdings and will not sell any
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Tesla Inc Chief Executive Officer Elon Musk tweeted on Saturday that in a battle between fiat and cryptocurrencies, his support is with crypto.
"The true battle is between fiat & crypto. On balance, I support the latter," he said on Twitter in reply to a user who asked him what his thoughts were about people who were angry at him because of crypto.
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
The true battle is between fiat & crypto. On balance, I support the latter.
— Elon Musk (@elonmusk) <a href="https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1396049547680391168?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">May 22, 2021</a></blockquote>
Musk has previously compared bitcoin to fiat money and often tweets about cryptocurrencies that have sent values for bitcoin and the meme digital currency dogecoin up and down.
In February, bitcoin shot higher after Tesla revealed it had bought $1.5 billion of the cryptocurrency and would soon accept it as a form of payment for cars.
However, bitcoin slumped after the billionaire announced in May that Tesla would no longer accept bitcoin for car purchases, citing long-brewing environmental concerns for a swift reversal in the company's position on the cryptocurrency.
Earlier this month, he also called the cryptocurrency a "hustle" during his guest-host spot on the "Saturday Night Live" comedy sketch TV show, leading prices to tumble.
Two days ago, Musk assured that he has not sold any of his dogecoin holdings and will not sell any.
(Except for the headline, this story has not been edited by NDTV staff and is published from a syndicated feed.)
 
 
source <a href="https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/elon-musk-says-he-supports-cryptocurrencies-in-battle-with-fiat-money-2447444">https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/elon-musk-says-he-supports-cryptocurrencies-in-battle-with-fiat-money-2447444</a>

news world Elon Musk Says He Supports Cryptocurrencies In Battle With Fiat Money

Two days ago, Elon Musk assured that he has not sold any of his dogecoin holdings and will not sell any Tesla Inc Chief Executive Office...

Ex-BBC Chief Steps Down From High-Profile Job Over Princess Diana Probe

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<div class="ins_instory_dv_cont"><img alt="Ex-BBC Chief Steps Down From High-Profile Job Over Princess Diana Probe" src="https://i.ndtvimg.com/i/2015-08/princess-diana_650x400_61439725938.jpg" title="Ex-BBC Chief Steps Down From High-Profile Job Over Princess Diana Probe" /></div>
Princess Diana died in a high-speed car crash while being chased by paparazzi photographers in 1997
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London:
A former BBC chief who was criticised for his "woefully ineffective" probe into Martin Bashir's deception in securing a bombshell interview with Princess Diana on Saturday resigned as chair of Britain's National Gallery.
Journalist Bashir tricked Diana into giving a 1995 BBC television interview in which she lifted the lid on her troubled marriage to Prince Charles, an independent investigation concluded on Thursday.
Tony Hall, who had led an earlier investigation into the interview and was later named head of the BBC, said he had "today resigned as Chair of the National Gallery.
"As I said two days ago, I am very sorry for the events of 25 years ago and I believe leadership means taking responsibility," he said in a statement released by the world-renowned London gallery.
"I have always had a strong sense of public service and it is clear my continuing in the role would be a distraction to an institution I care deeply about".
Retired senior judge John Dyson said Bashir commissioned faked bank statements that falsely suggested some of Diana's closest aides were being paid by the security services to keep tabs on her.
Bashir then showed them to Diana's brother Charles Spencer, in a succesful bid to convince him to arrange a meeting between himself and Diana and earn her trust.
Questions have long been asked about how Bashir convinced Diana to talk on the BBC's flagship "Panorama" programme in November 1995, which was watched by a record 22.8 million people and won a string of television awards.
In it, she famously said "there were three people" in her marriage -- her, Charles and his long-time mistress and now wife, Camilla Parker-Bowles -- and also admitted adultery.
Bashir, now 58, was little-known at the time of the interview but went on to have a high-profile career on US television networks, and interviewed stars such as Michael Jackson.
'Woeful incompetence'
He returned to work for the corporation as religion editor until he stepped down last week, citing ill health, just hours before Dyson's report was submitted to BBC bosses.
A 1996 internal inquiry by Hall cleared Bashir of wrong-doing, but Dyson called that probe "flawed and woefully ineffective".
In particular, it did not ask Diana's brother, Charles Spencer, for his version of events, Dyson said, lambasting it for failing to scrutinise Bashir's actions properly.
"If they had been able to test Mr Bashir's account by asking him to comment on Earl Spencer's detailed account, it is very unlikely that they would have believed him and concluded that he was an 'honest and an honourable man'," he wrote.
Hall admitted that the probe "fell well short of what was required", and said he was "wrong to give Martin Bashir the benefit of the doubt".
Diana's son Prince William said the interview had made "a major contribution" to the demise of his parents' relationship, while the BBC's "woeful incompetence" in uncovering the truth had "contributed significantly to her fear, paranoia and isolation" in her final years.
Diana died in a high-speed car crash while being chased by paparazzi photographers in 1997.
Hall took charge of the BBC in 2013, and stepped down last year.
(Except for the headline, this story has not been edited by NDTV staff and is published from a syndicated feed.)
 
 
source <a href="https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/ex-bbc-chief-tony-hall-steps-down-from-high-profile-job-over-princess-diana-probe-2447442">https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/ex-bbc-chief-tony-hall-steps-down-from-high-profile-job-over-princess-diana-probe-2447442</a>

news world Ex-BBC Chief Steps Down From High-Profile Job Over Princess Diana Probe

Princess Diana died in a high-speed car crash while being chased by paparazzi photographers in 1997 London: A former BBC chief who was ...

2 Dead, Several Wounded In Shooting In United States' Minneapolis

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The two people shot dead were both men, Minneapolis Police said (Representational)
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Washington:
Two people were killed and several wounded in a shooting in the US city of Minneapolis late Friday, police said.
Local law enforcement said one man was left in a critical condition following the attack in the downtown area of the city, which was where George Floyd was murdered by a police officer in May 2020.
Minneapolis Police tweeted there were ten victims in total, five of whom were male and five female.
The two people shot dead were both men, the force said, adding order had been "fully restored to the scene and surrounding areas."
Floyd, a 46-year-old Black man, was murdered by Derek Chauvin, a 17-year veteran of the Minneapolis police department.
Chauvin was convicted on April 20 of murder and manslaughter for his role in Floyd's death, which sparked protests against racial injustice and police brutality around the world.
(Except for the headline, this story has not been edited by NDTV staff and is published from a syndicated feed.)
 
 
source <a href="https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/minneapolis-shooting-2-dead-several-wounded-in-shooting-in-united-states-minneapolis-2447373">https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/minneapolis-shooting-2-dead-several-wounded-in-shooting-in-united-states-minneapolis-2447373</a>

news world 2 Dead, Several Wounded In Shooting In United States' Minneapolis

The two people shot dead were both men, Minneapolis Police said (Representational) Washington: Two people were killed and several wound...